Analytical PsychologyCarl Gustav Jung

PSY136 – Personality 1

Analytical Psychology

• Assumes that occult phenomena can and do influence the lives of every individual.

Analytical Psychology

• Jung believed that we are not only motivated by repressed experiences but also by emotionally- toned experiences coming from our ancestors.

Analytical Psychology

• It is a compendium of opposites. People are both:– Introverted and extraverted– Rational and irrational–Male and female– Conscious and unconscious– Pushed by past events while being pulled by

future expectations.

Carl Gustav Jung

• Born in 1875 in Switzerland, to a pastor and a daughter of a theologian.

• Eldest child only lived for three days while the youngest child, a girl, was born 9 years after Jung.

• Family was influenced by both spirituality and mystic beliefs.

• Mother was institutionalized due to a mental illness.• Childhood experiences of being bullied and fainting

spells.• Experienced personality 1 (extraverted) and

personality 2 (introverted).

Carl Gustav Jung

• Initial interest – archeology• Pursued Medicine from 1894 – 1900• 1903 - Married Emma Rauschenbach, from

the wealthiest family in Switzerland.• 1906 – Studied in Word Association• Friendship with Freud• First conversation lasted 13 hours• President of the International Psychoanalytic

Association

Carl Gustav Jung

• 1912 – The Psychology of the Unconscious• Coldness in his friendship with Freud• 1914 – Break from Freud• Different definitions of the Unconscious• “Period of Creative Illness”• 1938 – Terry Lectures at Yale University• Controversy about being a Nazi sympathizer• Died in 1961.

Levels of Psyche

Conscious• Conscious images are

those sensed by the ego.

• The ego is the center of consciousness.

• Relatively unimportant in analytical psychology.

Unconscious• Personal Unconscious• Collective Unconscious

Personal Unconscious

• Embraces all repressed, forgotten, or subliminally perceived experiences by one individual.

• Contains infantile memories and impulses, forgotten events, and experiences originally perceived below the threshold of consciousness.

• Contains “complexes”.– Emotionally toned conglomeration of associated

ideas.

Collective Unconscious

• Jung’s most distinctive concept.• Emotionally toned experiences derived from

ancestors.• Responsible for myths, legends, and religious

beliefs.• Refers not to the inherited ideas but to man’s

innate tendency to act in a certain way whenever experience stimulates a biologically- inherited response tendency.

• Contains the “archetypes”.

Personal unconscious• Composed of

complexes– Emotionally toned

experiences.– Individualized

components of the personal unconscious.

Collective unconscious• Composed of archetypes– These are generalized

and derived from the contents of the collective unconscious.

– Dreams are main source.

– Primarily emphasized over personal unconscious.

Personal and Collective Unconscious

The Archetypes

• Persona• Shadow• Anima • Animus

• Great Mother• Wise Old Man• The Hero• Self

The Self• It contains both personal and collective unconscious

images.• Unites the opposing forces of the psyche.• Mandala is the ultimate symbol.

Dynamics of Personality

• Causality vs. Teleology– Causality – past events– Teleology – expectations of the future

• Progression vs. Regression– Progression- adaptation to the outside world.– Regression – adaptation to the new world.

Psychological Types

Attitudes

• The predisposition to act or react in a characteristic direction.

• Introversion – turning inward of psychic energy; subjective

• Extraversion – turning outward of psychic energy; objective.

Functions

• Sensing – tells people that something exists.

• Feeling – perceiving value or worth

• Thinking – recognizing meaning

• Intuiting – knowing something without knowing how they know.

Psychological Types•ENFJ (Extroverted feeling with intuiting):

– These people are easy speakers. – They tend to idealize their friends. – They make good parents, but have a tendency to allow

themselves to be used. – They make good therapists, teachers, executives, and

salespeople. •ENFP (Extroverted intuiting with feeling):

– These people love novelty and surprises. – They are big on emotions and expression. – They are susceptible to muscle tension and tend to be

hyperalert. – They tend to feel self-conscious. – They are good at sales, advertising, politics, and acting.

Psychological Types

•ENTJ (Extroverted thinking with intuiting): • In charge at home, they expect a lot from spouses and

kids. • They like organization and structure and tend to make

good executives and administrators.

•ENTP (Extroverted intuiting with thinking): • These are lively people, not humdrum or orderly. • As mates, they are a little dangerous, especially

economically. • They are good at analysis and make good entrepreneurs. • They do tend to play at oneupmanship.

Psychological Types•ESFJ (Extroverted feeling with sensing):

• These people like harmony. • They tend to have strong shoulds and should-nots. • They may be dependent, first on parents and later on

spouses. • They wear their hearts on their sleeves and excel in service

occupations involving personal contact.

•ESFP (Extroverted sensing with feeling): • Very generous and impulsive, they have a low• tolerance for anxiety. • They make good performers, they like public relations, and

they love the phone. • They should avoid scholarly pursuits, especially science.

Psychological Types•ESTJ (Extroverted thinking with sensing):

• These are responsible mates and parents and are loyal to the workplace.

• They are realistic, down-to-earth, orderly, and love tradition.

• They often find themselves joining civic clubs!

•ESTP (Extroverted sensing with thinking): • These are action-oriented people, often sophisticated,

sometimes ruthless -- our "James Bonds." • As mates, they are exciting and charming, but they have

trouble with commitment. • They make good promoters, entrepreneurs, and con artists.

Psychological Types• INFJ (Introverted intuiting with feeling):

• These are serious students and workers who really want to contribute.

• They are private and easily hurt. • They make good spouses, but tend to be physically reserved. • People often think they are psychic. • They make good therapists, general practitioners, ministers,

and so on. •INFP (Introverted feeling with intuiting):

• These people are idealistic, self-sacrificing, and somewhat cool or reserved.

• They are very family and home oriented, but do not relax well.• They are in psychology, architecture, and religion, but never in

business.

Psychological Types

•INTJ (Introverted intuiting with feeling): • These are the most independent of all types. • They love logic and ideas and are drawn to scientific research. • They can be rather single-minded, though.

•INTP (Introverted thinking with intuiting): • Faithful, preoccupied, and forgetful, these are the bookworms. • They tend to be very precise in their use of language. • They are good at logic and math and make good philosophers

and theoretical scientists, but not writers or salespeople.

Psychological Types•ISFJ (Introverted sensing with feeling):

• These people are service and work oriented. • They may suffer from fatigue and tend to be attracted to

troublemakers. • They are good nurses, teachers, secretaries, general practitioners,

librarians, middle managers, and housekeepers. •ISFP (Introverted feeling with sensing):

• They are shy and retiring, are not talkative, but like sensuous action.

• They like painting, drawing, sculpting, composing, dancing -- the arts generally -- and they like nature.

• They are not big on commitment.

Psychological Types•ISTJ (Introverted sensing with thinking):

• These are dependable pillars of strength. • They often try to reform their mates and other people. • They make good bank examiners, auditors, accountants, tax

examiners, supervisors in libraries and hospitals, business, home ec., and phys. ed. teachers, and boy or girl scouts!

•ISTP (Introverted thinking with sensing): • These people are action-oriented and fearless, and crave

excitement. • They are impulsive and dangerous to stop. • They often like tools, instruments, and weapons, and often

become technical experts. • They are not interested in communications and are often

incorrectly diagnosed as dyslexic or hyperactive. • They tend to do badly in school.

Stages of Development• Childhood– Anarchic– Monarchic– Dualistic

• Youth – puberty until middle life• Middle Life – begins at 35-40 years• Old Age – twilight years

Self- Realization

• Psychological rebirth• Process of becoming a whole individual• Process of integrating opposite poles• Innate tendency toward growth, wholeness,

and perfection.

Methods of Investigation

• Word Association• Dream Analysis• Active Imagination• Psychotherapy

Critique

• Jung’s Theory Is: –Moderate on Generating Research and

Organizing Observations– Low on Practicality, Internal Consistency,

and Parsimony–Very Low on Falsifiability

Concept of Humanity• He was not Deterministic nor Purposeful,

Optimistic nor Pessimistic• People are both Causal and Teleological• People Motivated by both Conscious and

Unconscious Thoughts• Biology over Social• Similarity over Individual Differences