Analytical PsychologySarah F. Spiegelhoff, MA, EdS, NCC

Have you heard of these terms? Persona

Typology

Extravert Introvert

Archetype

Complex

All of these terms are from Analytical Psychology (Jungian Theory)

Who is Carl G. Jung?Born July 26, 1875 in Switzerland (died

June 6, 1961)Only child until the age of nine, when

his sister was bornFather was a pastorMother developed a nervous disorder,

attributed to marital issues Mother made strange, mysterious

noises in the middle of the night that scared him, causing nightmares

In adolescence, religious conflicts and interest in philosophyUniversity—studied science, interest in medicineInterest in

occult Doctoral dissertation focused on a medium, 15-year-old girl

who performed seancesDeveloped interest in psychology and pursued

psychiatryMedical professors astonished, as psychiatry was

viewed as nonsense and absurdWorked in psychiatric hospitals

Who is Carl G. Jung?

Who is Carl G. Jung?Six year personal and

professional relationship with Freud

First president of International Psychoanalytical Association

After Freud, state of confusion and inner uncertainty; three year dormancy

Traveled world after split, interests in Eastern religions, alchemy, etc.

The PsycheEmbraces all thought, feeling, and behaviorGuide that adapts the individual to social and

physical environmentAnalytical psychology to help clients recover

wholeness and strengthen the psycheThree levels of the psyche: consciousness,

personal unconscious, and collective unconscious

Analytical Psychology

Grows out of thinking, sensing, feeling, and intuiting

Two attitudes that determine orientation of the conscious: introversion and extraversion

Individuation—the process by which the consciousness of a person becomes individualized or differentiated from other peopleGoal—to know oneself completely as possible

Consciousness

Ego—organization of the conscious mind Perceptions, memories, thoughts, and feelings

Carries out daily activitiesEgo provides identityA great deal of information is fed into the ego, but little reaches a full level of awarenessDominant function determines what the ego allows to become conscious and what is rejected

Consciousness

Experiences are stored in the personal unconscious when not recognized by the ego

Personal unconscious information is incongruous with ego functions

Plays an important role in dreamsComplexes—groups of contents clumped together to

form a clusterThe term complex is often used today (i.e. inferiority

complex)

Personal Unconscious

Collective Unconscious Portion of the psyche that differs from

the personal unconscious, in that it is not dependent upon personal experience

Contents have never be conscious within the lifetime of the individual

Contains latent images (primordial images), which are inherited by ancestors

Predispositions for individuals to experience and respond in the same ways as their ancestors

The more experiences individuals have, the greater the chance for latent images to be manifested

Archetypes—content of the collective unconsciousJung:

There as many archetypes as there are typical situations in life. Endless repetition has engraved these experiences into our psychic constitution, not in the forms of images filled with content, but at first only as forms without content, representing merely the possibility of a certain type of perception and action.

Archetypes Jung paid special attention to: the persona, the anima and the animus, the shadow, and the self

Collective Unconscious

The Persona—the façade that one exhibits publicly with the intention of looking favorablyNecessary for survival, as it helps us get along with

peopleAnima—feminine side of male psycheAnimus—masculine side of female psyche

Collective Unconscious

The Shadow—represents one’s own gender and influences relationships with own sexMost powerful and most dangerous of all

archetypes

Collective Unconscious

The Self—the organizing principle of the personality Central archetype in the collective unconscious Does not become evident until middle age (personality must

be fully developed through individuation first) Knowledge of self through dreams and true religious

experiences (spiritual development) Forerunner of humanistic psychology? The Self Self

Actualization?

Collective Unconscious

Attitudes Introverted and extraverted Two attitudes are mutually exclusiveDo not coexist simultaneously in consciousness,

although they can alternate with one another If objective orientation predominates, a person is called

an extravert If subjective orientation predominates, a person is called

an introvert

Typology

Functions Thinking—connecting ideas with each other in order to

arrive at a general concept Feeling—accepts or rejects an idea on the basis of whether

the idea arouses a pleasant or unpleasant feeling Sensation—conscious experiences produced by stimulation

of the sense organs Intuition—an experience which is immediately given rather

than produced as a result of thought or feelingMyers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) developed using’s

Jung’s theory

Typology

[Individuation]…becoming an individual being—and in so far as we understand by individuality our innermost, final, incomparable uniqueness—becoming one’s own self.

Individuation as distant goal, not milestone near at handInherent urge, operating within every personalityExperience is individual and subjective, and centers around recognition

Goal of Analytical Psychology

Techniques Using Jungian Theory Sandplay

“…One puts in the sand box objects that are marks of our psyche, visible traits that contain actions, corporeal movements and feelings. When one focuses on the overall representation built, one can go beyond the literal image and the analyst, keeping alive the image through his symbolic capability, opens the possibility of a dialogue with the symbolic dimension.” (Castellana & Donfrancesc, 2005)

“Often the hands solve a mystery that the intellect has struggled with in vain.” - C. G. Jung

Techniques Using Jungian TheoryCreative Art Therapies

Mandalas—creating promotes psychological health

Has a calming and healing affect, while facilitating psychic integration and personal meaning in life

Fairy tales can come true, it can happen to you, if you’re Jung at heart.

Castellana, F., & Donfrancesc, A. (2005) Sandplay in Jungian analysis: matter and symbolic integration. Journal of Analytical Psychology, 50(3), 367–382.

De Laszlo, V. (1953). The goal in Jungian psychotherapy. The British Journal of Medical Psychology, 26, 3-14.

Goodwyn, E. (2010). Approaching archetpes: Reconsidering innateness. Journal of Analytical Psychology, 55(4), 502-521.

Hall, C. S., & Nordby, V. J. (1973). A primer of Jungian psychology. New York, NY: Taplinger Publishing Company Inc.

Henderson, P., Rosen, D., & Mascar, N. (2007). Empirical study on the healing nature of mandalas. Psychology of Aesthetics, Creativity, and the Art, 1(3), 148-154.

Jung, C. G. (1973). Mandala symbolism. (R. F. C. Hull, Trans.) Bollingen Series. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. (Original work published 1959)

References