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Intensification of crop-livestock farming systems through market-orientation in Ethiopia
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- 1. Intensificationofcroplivestockfarmingsystems
throughmarketorientationinEthiopiaAzageTegegne,DirkHoekstra,BerhanuGebremedhin,KahsayBerhe,GebremedhinWoldewahidandTilahunGebeyImprovingProductivityandMarketSuccess(IPMS)Project,InternationalLivestockResearchInstitute(ILRI),P.O.Box5689,AddisAbaba,Ethiopia
Bonn,2011
Email:[email protected];www.ipmsethiopia.orgIntroduction
Changesinfrequencyofharvest:Shiftedfromonetothreeharvests/year(Sept,Jan,June)inAtsbi
Awatershedconsistsofasteeplandasrunoffgeneratingandvalleybottomsasrunonzonesinacontinuumfashion.
Withincreasingpopulationpressure,overuseofthenaturalresourcesresultsinlowwatershedproductivityoftenunabletofeedthegrowingpopulation.
Inthisregard,watershedbasedmarketorientedcommoditiesdevelopmenthasbeenlaunchedinTigrayRegiontoimproveproductivityandincomeofsmallholderfarmers.
FogeradistricthasaplaintopographyandvastproductivegrazinglandthatisusuallyfloodedduringtherainyseasonbyoverflowsfromthelocalriversofGumaraandRib,andLakeTana.
Thenaturalpasturewasusedtosupportlargenumberoflivestockduringthedryseason.
Changesinforageutilization:SheepfatteningandapicultureinnovationuptakeinAtsbi
Freeanduncontrolledgrazingresultedinseveredegradationofthegrazinglandanddisappearanceofpalatableforage
12000
50000speciesandemergenceofunpalatablenoxiousweedslikeHygrophillaauriculata(Amikela).
Number of colony or sheep10000 Beneficiary households
Interventionswereundertakenforintensificationofcroplivestockfarmingsystemsthroughmarketorientationofcrop40000
2004(no/commodity)andlivestockcommodities.20048000 2010 30000 2010
Themethods,achievementsandthelessonslearnedfromtheseinterventionsarepresented.6000
20000 4000 10000 2000MaterialsandMethods 00
Variousfeeddevelopmentandimprovedforage species Fattened
sheepHoneybee colonyFattened sheepHoneybee
colonyintroducedintheconserved watershedcontinuum.
Cutandcarrysystemoflivestockfeedingintroduced
Interventionsimplementedalongthecommodityvaluechain
Potentials,limitationsandinterventionsof
marketorientedcommodityidentified alongthevaluechain framework(VCF)
AtypicalwatershedinAtsbi,TigrayKeyachievementsChangesinforagebiomassquantityandqualityinAtsbi
Steeplandsforagedevelopment:Before(left)andafterintervention
(right)DevelopmentofshallowwellsandirrigatedhorticultureinthebottomlandsinAtsbi
15000 12500Area (ha) or number of beneficiaries20042011
100007500500025000 Irrigated area (ha)Beneficiary
householdsReclamationofcommunalgrazingareainFogera
Bottomlandsdevelopment:Before(left)andafterintervention(right)
AmekilaweedclearanceinFogeraIrrigatedsites:Afterinterventionandchangesinbiomassproduc21
tionandbiodiversity18Before interventionAfter interventionBiomass
(ton dm/ha)1512 9 BiomassproductionindifferentPAsinFogera
Scalingupsuccessfulfodderdevelopmentactivities 6inFogera 3
PAsExclusionareas ForageproductivitiesForagedrybiomass
NameofPAsseNumberofpeopleparticipatedAreainHa. 0(t/ha)
(t/PAperyear) lected Steeplands Bottomlands Irrigated sites
MenWomenWatershed continuum200820092008 200920082009Shina1742 95
23.75 Shina7.07.78.57.8 59.560.0Wagetera 43698 67.00 Kuhar 6.011.4
10.710.5 64.2 119.47Aboakokit99668338.75 Abakiros38.5
7.0269.1ImprovedforageuptakefollowingdemonstrationinAtsbiGuramba
20.0137.4KidistHanna 92314342.75 Menog14.0 102.9Nabega 39224021.00
zerShaga1200 35075.00WatershedcontinuumDemonstrationareaUptake
Beneficiaryhouseholds Total 91.6123.7688.87Total5689 1609 268.50
(ha) (ha) (number/district) LessonsLearnedSteepgrazinglandsand
262,9816,798
Linkingimprovedforageproductionwithmarketorientedcommoditieshelpssmallholderfarmerstoshiftinlivestockcompositionandgeneratebetterincomefollowingthemarketsignals.stabilizedgullies
Innovationuptakehasbeenenhancedthroughdemonstrationandparticipationofactors.
ParticipatorymarketorientedcommoditydevelopmentalongthevaluechainunlockstheuseofconservedresourceseffectivelyandeffiBottomlands695,739
13,088
cientlythroughintensification.Theapproachalsohelpstothinkingbeyondrainfedcropproduction.Irrigatedsites
0.12 8503,575
Theintegrationofmarketorientedcommoditydevelopmentalongthewatershedcontinuumalsohelpstotransformlessproductivewatershedintointensifiedanddiversifiedhouseholdincomesources.
Improvingtheincomeofsmallholderfarmerstriggersthecommunitytoinvestmoreonresourcesconservation.
Actorsinvolvementalongthewatershedbaseddevelopmentcontinuumandthecommodityvaluechainsensuredandtheapproacheshavebeeninstitutionalized.