Hannover High End Utility Metering

Really, Really Smart Meters

Smart Grids Forum April 24, 2012 Hannover Messe

Schneider Electric 2 - Division - Name – Date

Efficiency Sustainability Reliability

Reduce Duration Prevent Maintain

Quality Optimize Capacity

Energy Management

Distributed Energy Resources

Substation Automation Sensor data

Feeder Automation Waveform Analysis Voltage

Optimization

Complex Rates

Customer Portal

Home/Building Automation

Demand Response PHEV

Energy Storage

Micro-Grids


High End Utility Metering Offer

● 80% of Utility Metering is “Smart” meters -> Residential market ● High End metering is focused on a much smaller market including:

● Production – Generation metering ● Transmission – Grid metering for bulk power exchange ● Distribution – Large industrial customers and renewable grid connections

Generation Metering

Revenue

Distribution Metering

Residential

Meter Volumes


High End Utility Metering

Class 0,2 metering offer that combines energy metering, power quality, I/O and communications in a single device to solve a wide variety of utility applications including one or combination of the following: ● Revenue/tariff metering for billing ● Power quality compliance & analysis ● Substation automation – provide operational data to SCADA system and control

capability ● Equipment monitoring and control (peak shaving, breaker control, generators) ● Improve system accuracy with existing equipment (Loss compensation)


Key Functionality for Utility Metering


Key Utility Metering Applications for:

● RTU Functions - Monitoring breaker status and/or other substation values ● Feeder Monitoring – Operational data about feeders to SCADA system,

Gateway functions and totalization (Mastering) ● Power Quality – Provide waveform and compliance data for large substations

Feeder Automation

● Generation asset monitoring – turbine, gas-fired generator, ● Power Quality at intertie between renewable asset and grid ● Operational data for windfarm control systems assets

Revenue Metering ● High accuracy energy metering (legacy pulsing, 3rd party billing packages

(DLMS, MV-90)) ● Loss compensation for transformers and transmission lines

Renewable Energy


Reliability is the main priority for Distribution Operators

● Safety and Reliability are often considered ONE goal and have the highest priority historically ●  “The flow of capital spend is generally directed at problems over opportunities”

-Booz, Allen, Hamilton; Edison Electric Institute Strategic Issues Forum

●  “Keeping your lights on safely, efficiently and at a reasonable cost are my highest priorities as Dominion Virginia Power chief executive officer”

-Paul Koonce, CEO Virginia Dominion Power

Power Interruption is Expensive Average Cost for 1 Hour of Power Interruption per Customer

Industry Amount

Cellular communications $41,000

Telephone ticket sales $72,000

Airline reservation system $90,000

Semiconductor manufacturer $2,000,000

Credit card operation $2,580,000

Brokerage operation $6,480,000

Source: US Dept of Energy


But the electrical industry is transforming

Reliability Efficiency

Sustainability

►  Environmental pressure ►  Decentralized renewable energies ►  Deregulation ►  Interconnections ►  Supply demand response ►  Energy efficiency ►  Electric cars

Reliability

Our customers have defined the mechanism for this transformation as ‘Smart Grid’


Incoming Metering

Substation Metering Applications

Control Center Level

Substation Level

Bay Level

Process Level

CO

MM

UN

ICATIO

N IN

FRA

STRU

CTU

RE

Critical Load Monitoring

Metering Applications


Fault Analysis Impact

Crew call-in

Patrol for fault location

Travel to area Repair

Potential for SAIDI reduction using location techniques

Potential for SAIFI reduction using predictive methods


Fault Location

F. Zavoda, M. Tremblay; “Symbiosis Between ADA Applications and PQ Monitoring in Smart Grids”, EPRI PQ and Smart Distribution Conference and Exhibition; Québec City, June 2010


Fault Anticipation

● Waveform signatures and trends indicate incipient failures ● Distributed sensors provide better view of operation

for condition based maintenance (cap controller, recloser, etc) ● Distributed sensors provide better location

information when faults do occur


JEA Facts and Figures

The company ● Largest publicly owned utility in Florida, #8 in US ● Over 2300 MW of generation capacity from coal, gas, and landfill ● 360,000 customers

The system ● 17 PQ monitors at generators ● 73 PQ monitors at Transmission and Distribution substations ● 92 PQ monitors at large industrial sites ● Connected via MODEM, Ethernet, and wireless ● Central servers running data collection and analysis software


System architecture


Northshore Substation T1 Issue

● System initially reported a 0 current value on C phase of very short duration (less than half a cycle) ● This issue would happen a few times during each day ● Over a 4 week period the duration of the 0 current on C phase increased to

just over 1 cycle.


Waveform of Northshore T1

Note how “blue” line is flat

= no current flow

= melting metal in tap changer


Northshore Substation Issue

● Investigation of the distribution system pointed out one possible cause. A load tap changer in a distribution transformer was the likely suspect. ● A maintenance outage was planned and the transformer was taken off line

and opened up. ● A broken pin was found on C phase of the tap changer transfer switch


Tap Changer for Northshore T1 note broken pin


Tap Changer for Northshore T1 note melted parts


Northshore Substation Issue

● After the planned maintenance it was determined that the transformer had about 2 weeks before a catastrophic failure occurred. The blade on the tap changer switch would have eventually hit the side of the tank once the jaw completely melted. ● The PQ system saved JEA over $1M in equipment replacement costs plus

customer satisfaction remained high since there was no prolonged outage.


Bay Meadows Transformer T2

● Similar Issue to Northside Transforemer T1 ● C phase waveform shown below ● JEA scheduled a shutdown to do maintenance


Connector Ring - Picture 1


Bay Meadows Transformer T2

● PQ system prevented this transformer from failing ● Transformer replacement cost would have been over $1M ● Customer Satisfaction did not “take a hit” as no outage was seen by the

customer. ● Since this event, the EEM system has been programmed to give an alarm for

this waveform signature. This will help identify an issue faster. ● The automated report identified a third LTC problem that required the

replacement of 49 contacts “These kinds of issues are a ticking time tomb. In the past, an LTC failure has usually meant that we lose the transformer. The meters and software have already potentially saved three transformers at $1 million apiece. And the value to customer service is immeasurable in avoiding unplanned outages to thousands of customers.” - Tom Ventresca, Power Systems Engineer, JEA


Conclusions

● Power Quality is an important part of Smart Grid

● Research shows power quality data can be used to locate faults and to identify pending failures

● Technology exists today to gain the benefits

● PQ Systems have proven they can pay back


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