EUROPEAN SPACE SOLUTIONS BRINGING SPACE TO EARTH 30 MAY - 03 JUNE, 2016 THE HAGUE, THE NETHERLANDS #EUSPACE16 GNSS-based Timing for Power Grids and other Critical Infrastructures

Dr. ing. Marco Lisi – ESA/ESTEC

Summary • Future electric power distribution networks (Smart Grids) have

fundamental requirements for time and synchronization to achieve efficient power transmission and distribution, also minimizing the risk for massive power black outs;

• Global Navigation Satellite Systems, such as GPS, GLONASS, Galileo and Beidou, constitute a worldwide utility, tightly interconnected with all other critical infrastructures, from electric power distribution systems to air traffic management systems, from railways to water and oil piping networks;

• Timing is the most strategic and essential of the services offered by GNSS’s;

• Europe is working towards an independent, ubiquitous, reliable, continuous, resilient and precise timing reference to support all its critical infrastructures.

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Why is exact Timing so important in Electric Power Grids?

Traditional Power Grid Architecture

Future Power Grid Architecture

Synchronized Phasor Measurements • Synchronized near-real time measurements of voltage and

current phasors at widely dispersed locations in an electric power grid are key to achieving an efficient power transmission and distribution and to preventing wide-scale cascading outages;

• A Phasor Measurement Unit (PMU), aka synchrophasor, is a device capable of measuring voltage and current phasors of the electrical waves in an electricity grid, using a common time source for synchronization;

• Measurements are time-stamped with 1 microsecond or better accuracy wrt a common absolute time reference provided by GNSS receivers integrated into the PMUs.

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Oil Pipeline Transport Networks

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Water Pipeline Distribution Networks

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Telecommunications Networks

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Railways Transportation Systems

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Maritime Transportation Systems

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Air Traffic Control Systems

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Financial Networks

GNSS Timing and Critical Infrastructures

The Principle of Satellite Navigation

GNSS Multi-Constellation Scenario

The European GNSS: Galileo

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Galileo Program Essentials

• Galileo is Europe's initiative for a state-of-the-art global navigation satellite system, providing a highly accurate, guaranteed global positioning service under civilian control;

• While providing autonomous navigation and positioning services, Galileo will at the same time be interoperable with GPS and GLONASS, the two other global satellite navigation systems;

• The fully deployed Galileo system will consist of 30 satellites (24 plus 6 spare) and the supporting ground infrastructure.

Galileo System Architecture

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Galileo FOC Satellites (OHB)

Clocks Accuracy Evolution

Galileo On-board Atomic Clock (Selex ES)

"Passive Hydrogen Maser" (PHM): 1 second every 3 milion years!

GNSS: a Constellation of Ultra Stable Clocks in the Sky

Galileo as a worldwide UTC reference

UTC: UNIVERSAL TIME COORDINATED

GNSS Threats: Jamming, Spoofing… • JAMMING

• SPOOFING is the possibility to generate, through relatively inexpensive and technologically simple equipment, fake replicas of GNSS signals. In this way, it is possible to provide to the attacked user or infrastructure inaccurate information about both location and time;

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… Cyberattacks

The role of the European GNSS Agency

Galileo Timing Services

The European approach to a Resilient PNT Infrastructure

Miniaturized Atomic Clocks

Worldwide System of Systems Timing Infrastructure

Conclusion • Our society has become essentially dependent on the world

Positioning, Navigation and Timing infrastructure, today mainly based on GNSS’s;

• The electric power grid as well as many other critical infrastructures would literally collapse in case of a total, worldwide GNSS failure, mostly because of their dependency on an exact timing reference;

• The European GNSS Agency (a.k.a. GSA) will play a vital role in making the European GNSS Galileo more resilient, service-oriented and interoperable with GPS;

• The development of non-GNSS solutions and of autonomous platforms and technologies will lead to a worldwide, totally integrated PNT system of systems, able to resolve to a large extent all present limitations and vulnerabilities.

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Galileo: eager to serve

THANK YOU