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http://greeninvestmentindonesia.net/web/activities/meetings/104-focused-group-discussion-1st-session
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Find The Root Problem of Water
(Flooding & Scarcity of Raw Water)
FATCHY.M – June 2013
Jl B mawar 39, Cipete Jak Sel
021-75900389 , [email protected]
Fortuga ITB
JAKARTA PROFILE & FACTS JKT area = 661 Km2
JKT population ( 2012 ) = 10,1 million people
Rainfall = 2,300 mm/Year ( 2.3 M3/M2/Year )
Need water = 737.3 million M3 / Year
Dry season JKT shortage of water = 10 M3/sec
Amount of rainwater in JKT = 1.5 billion M3 / Year
JKT flooding if rainfall > 40 mm/ 2 hours
• “ Land use change without conservation “
• “ Flood solution always by horizontal drainage method“
• When C (Coef Run Off ) increase in size resulted Q ( Discharge ) it getting bigger after that will be enlarged A ( cross section area ).
The Root Problem of JAKARTA
Q = 0,278 C x i x A
Q : Discharge (m3/sec) C : Coefisien run off I : intensity rainfall (mm) A : catchment area ( km2 )
Q = V x A
Q : Discharge (m3/sec) V : Velocity (m/sec) A : cross section area ( m2 )
Ideal Cycle , The Time of Prabu Siliwangi : year 1.482 – 1.521
Forest
Delta Q <<
SEA LEVEL
Infiltration ( I ) = 73% ~95%
Surface Run Off ( SR ) = 5 % ~ 27%
Forest & Village
SR
1
1. Un Con 2. CLAY-1 3. Confined-1 4. CLAY-2 5. Confined-2
2
3
4
5
P = SR + I + ( T + E )
Ideal Cycle , The Time of Prabu Siliwangi : year 1.482 – 1.521
I
I
Change of Land use – 1 Tea Garden Puncak : Dutch Time, Year 1900
SEA LEVEL
Infiltration = 50% ~ 70%
Surface Run Off = 30% ~ 50%
Tea Garden
1
1. Un Con 2. CLAY-1 3. Confined-1 4. CLAY-2 5. Confined-2
2
3
4
5
Change of Land use – 1 Flood Canal by Prof H van Breen th 1920
Q = 0,278 C I A Q = V x A
I
I
SR
Q
P
Change of Land use - 2 Mampang river : mirror of Jakarta (100 % Catchment Area 31 Km2 at JKT)
July 2006
Feb 2007
SEA LEVEL RISE
• Infiltration = 5% ~ 27%
• Surface Run Off = 73% ~ 95%
Big City
1
1. Un Con 2. CLAY-1 3. Confined-1 4. CLAY-2 5. Confined-2
2
3
4
5
West Canal “OVERLOAD”
East Canal ?
Reduce Ground Water
Flooding
Change of Land use - 2 JKT 2013 flooding if rainfall > 40 mm/2 hours
I
SR
SEA LEVEL
• Infiltration = 73% ~ 95%
•Surface Run Off = 5% ~ 27%
Big City + Conservation
1
1. Un Con 2. CLAY-1 3. Confiined-1 4. CLAY-2 5. Confined-2
2
3
4
5
West & East CANAL “Light Load”
Ground Water Abundant
Free Flooding
People easy To get
Ground Water
SOLUTION for JAKARTA “ Total Conservation “ Change the Paradigm : horizontal drainage vertical drainage
P
I. Flood solutions ( North Jakarta )
1. Muara Baru Dam
2. Pond ( polder system )
3. Rain Harvesting
II. Flood solutions ( South JKT ) :
Change the Paradigm : horizontal drainage to vertical drainage
1. Development of Green space (RTH ) to 30 %
2. Development of Blue space ( RTB ) to 12 %. (Waduk/ Danau/ Embung Resapan )
3. Artificial Recharge ( 3.7 million Sumur Resapan ) by Pemda DKI 60 % and by middle – upper class society 40 %
4. Lower class society ( biopori )
III.Parcel Flood Solutions : from Depok, Bogor & Puncak
1. Waduk resapan at “ Old River “
• Location : Angke river, Pesanggrahan river, Grogol river , Krukut river , Ciliwung river , Cipinang river and Sunter river.
• Raw water from Waduk Resapan for PDAM Jakarta
2. Vertical deep tunnel > 300 m until Bojongmanik /Klapanunggal formation( Limestone ) , water loss formation.
Potential catchment areas Jakarta
SAMPLE of SUMUR RESAPAN - PEMDA
Vertical Drainage
CONTROL BOXES
SUMUR RESAPAN
ROAD SURFACE
Cross section ( Bogor –Jakarta )
Engineering Geologic Map of Jakarta Bogor Area
Potential sites of
“waduk resapan”
Raw water from Waduk Resapan for PDAM Jakarta
Zero Run Off
Sumur resapan
Zero Run Off Program Vertical drainage ( Sumur Resapan )
Sumur resapan
Sumur resapan
Kantong Air
Kantong Air
Sample of Horizontal Drainage
Thank you,
arigato gozaimasu,
terima kasih.