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ELECTRIFYING RURAL INDIAA NOVEL APPROACH OF USING THE RICE

HUSK TO GENERATE ELECTRICITY

ByG.Jawahar

A.Naveen ReddyP.Nikhil

Introduction Rice Mills Barriers Implementation Recommendations Conclusion Acknowledgements

Contents

• Why produce energy from rice straw? • Energy demand is increasing! • Potential energy production from rice straw!! • Potential environmental savings!!!

• Related to straw: combustion of rice husk • Most successful rice waste product used: Rice Husk.

• Why? • Material is already collected in one site (rice mill). • Composition is somewhat more benign than rice straw. • Rice husk ash = marketable product, depending on operating conditions.

INTRODUCTION

Emerging trend • Good potential for high pressure boilers and efficient turbines • Excess power exported to grid • Separate isolated plants generating only power is also popular

Energy situation • Only few plants implemented so far • Revenue from ash sales • Rice husk plants are also fired with wood waste and bagasse • Dumping or open burning is common

RICE MILLS

• Technical • Human • Information • Organization

BARRIERS

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To implement the plan of Electrifying Rural areas, we have got the following points to be decided about the technology we are going to use.

Traits of the Technology: • Has to be non-conventional • Solar energy is expensive

– Approx. Rs. 400 / W for installation – Wind energy is not amply available

• Hydel power is not feasible – High cost of establishment

– Distance from the water bodies – Biomass energy is practically the only available option

IMPLEMENTATION

The cost of establishment and the operating expenses seem to be lucrative unless and until we step into it. So we would give a brief Outline of the expenditure and other expenses of HUSKPOWER organization located in Bihar which has started electrifying rural areas of Bihar.

THE COST OF IMPLEMENTATION OF RICE HUSK GASIFICATION PLANT

Operating Expenses: Approx. 50 kg Rice-husk / hour One LPG cylinder per 4 starts Personnel Misc. expenses on maintenance of the system

Cost of establishment

Electric Cable

Transportation

Civil Work

Piping etc Site visits etc

Generator

Gasifier

Power supply for 6 hrs in the evening Pre-paid power at the rate of Rs. 30 per 15-20 W

CFL for households and Rs. 40 per 15-20 W CFL for businesses Only CFL allowed for lighting

Total 300 connections Avg. less than 2 CFL per connection

Approx. Rs. 50 per connection Approx. 65 A electricity usage at 210-220V (As

read at the plant) Approx. 15% distribution loss

Power Distribution

MAJOR PROBLEM DURING IMPLEMENTATION Rice husk at ~90p per kg

Rs. 0.9 * 50 * 6 * 30 per month Had planned it at 50p per kg

LPG cylinders are expensive Can’t procure enough from the LPG dealers at

the controlled prices Rs 500 per cylinder in the black market

Rs. 500 * 10 per month

Power Distribution – Economics

Solution Generate own rice-husk Remove the LPG Removing the need for LPG Store the Producer Gas for usage during the next

start Storage at ~200 psi Less than 10% leakage in 24 hours

Adds Rs 10,000 to the cost

Expenditure

Rice husk

LPG cylinders

Human Resources

Incidentals / maintenance + Land

Rent

Collection of only Rs. 15,000 per month

In this way a social welfare organization has proved that it could gear up its will to electrify the Nation. So there will not be much financial hiatus in this case and it is the prosperous source in Rice rich countries like ours.

Expenditure

Rice husk

Human Resources

Incidentals / maintenance +

Land Rent

Total Investment ~Rs. 10,45,000Total Expense ~Rs. 12500 per month

Investigate feasibility of: Decentralized energy production from rice straw

Use rice straw near the source. Use rice straw for other agricultural operations:

cooling/freezing house Couple energy production with local industry Explore Opportunities for CDM projects (carbon

credits) Assess markets outside India: Growing international market for biomass fuels! Here, ash composition will remain a concern.

Recommendations

Many technologies are available for producing electricity and heat from rice straw.

Up to now, potential of rice straw has not been realized.

This is in contrast with energy applications from rice husks, which in general are quite successful.

Major challenges that are encountered with straw: Technological: rice straw composition Organizational: logistics of straw collection Economics: cost of straw versus revenue

CONCLUSIONS

We are deeply indebted to Mr.Gyanesh Pandey Entrepreneur, “Husk Power” organization, and Initiator of Samatha Samridhi Foundation, Bihar.

Our Special thanks are due to Dr. K. Madhavi, Head, Dept. of English &Humanities for her guidance and inspiration in concretizing this paper.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

[1] www.in-bihar-turning-rice-husk-into-electricity-78639.html. [2] Rice straw for Electricity & Heat Production-Robert Bakker.[3] Samatha Samridhi Foundation.[4] Husk Power website.

REFERENCES

THANK YOU

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