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The ECHO system monitors and controls temperature, airflow and pressure; ensuring the right air temperature, in the correct quantity and at the correct pressure is presented to the server inlet, enabling the utmost of efficiency. By varying airflow, ECHO operates not only with air volumes 50% less than traditional cooling systems but also much more efficiently and with elevated water temperatures that allow up to 95% free cooling (London, UK). In the following presentation which took place at Airedale International Air Conditioning's Head Office, Leeds, UK; Paul Oliver (Airedale Sales Director) and Tom Absalom (JCA Managing Director) will provide you with a detailed insight into the ECHO IT cooling system and how it can provide up to 95% free-cooling and a PUE of 1.2, providing outstanding energy efficiency, reduced operational costs and carbon impact. Full explanations of the products and controls involved are presented and an Illumina case study will profile real-life energy savings and benefits.
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Welcome to the launch of Echo Paul Oliver, Airedale Tom Absalom, JCA
Airedale - an overview
25,000m2
Globaldistribution450 staff
UK premier test centre
A Modine company
Modine centre of excellence
Airedale - an overview
Why Airedale?• Approx 40 years of experience of designing precision air conditioning• Pioneer of free-cooling chillers• Experts in controls and system integration• Energy efficiency focusedAbout JCA• £33m group turnover per annum• Innovative data centre engineering solutions• Client focussed, non contractual collaborative approach• Specialists in live environment engineering
2007
Patent filed
2008
Design on system begins
Prototype and lifecycle
testing
Live application2009 2010 2011
Launch
JCA and Airedale
Designing for Demand – What do we mean?
30 mph 120 mph
30 mph 120 mph
Design criteria
Design criteria
Efficiency – Factors that affect!
Extra-urban
Urban
Combined
Why/How does Demand vary in a DC?
Daily
Infrastructure
Seasonal
Daily & Infrastructure Affects
% Load
Time
100%
Increasing Temperature = Increasing Opportunity
ROOM
ROOM = 20 - 27°C
RACK
RACK = 28 - 47°CCPU
CPU = 60 - 100°C
Increasing Opportunity
Increasing Opportunity
ASHRAE – TC 9.9 Thermal Guidelines
Increasing Opportunity
Rising Temperature and Cost Savings
Room temp ºC
№ CRAC units for 800kW
22 27
12
8
300,000 kgCO2 200,000 kgCO2
£63,000 £42,000
CO2
£
CRAC unit
CRAC unit
Running costs
Air Containment – Why is it so important?
Airflow Management
Mixing of Air
What is PUE?
UTILITYCOMPANY Power
•Switchgear•UPS•Battery BackupCooling•Chillers•CRACs
IT EQUIPMENTPOWER•Servers•Storage
Power Usage EffectivenessPower Usage Effectiveness
PowerEquipmentIT
PowerFacilityTotalPUE
..
..
Power In Power In
TOTAL FACILITY POWER
Containing P.U.E. at part load
P.U.E.
Data Centre Load
1
100%50%0%
3
5
Desired
Typical
Bespoke Solution
Dynamic Performance
Efficient design
IntegratedFree Cooling
Designing for
Demand
Z
Taking Advantage of Ambient Temperatures
Capacity (kW)
Ambient temp (ºC)
5 10 15 20 25 30
400
800Cooling required
Frequency
7% 30% 70% 93%
All Free Cooling Systems are Not Equal
ECHO – System Components
ECHO RacksECHO Racks
ECHO Active ECHO Active Cabinet ExhaustCabinet Exhaust
ECHO Free Cooling ECHO Free Cooling ChillerChiller
ECHO Chilled Water ECHO Chilled Water CRAC’sCRAC’s
Paul Oliver Sales Director
Tom Absalom, JCA
Four Fast Facts
Heat (n) : the energy transferred as a result of a difference in temperature
Cooling capacity is a direct function of the cooling medium type, flow rate of that medium and temperature difference of that medium
With the exception of some direct water cooled systems, the vast majority of IT equipment deployed in data centres today is air cooled
Whether the cooling system uses water, refrigerant or CO₂ as the secondary cooling medium, the fluid that directly cools electronic components is air
Methods of Cooling
Conventional Downflow CRAC/CCU
+ Chilled water or direct expansion (DX)
+ Cooling units can be mounted external to the technical space
+ Redundancy achieved at room/zone level
– Approx 4-5kW maximum cooling per rack at standard conditions
– Prone to short cycling & hot spots
Methods of Cooling
Rack Cooling
+ Chilled water, CO₂, pumped R134a
+ 30kW cooling capacity or more per rack
+ Control of cooling at rack level
– Cooling services in technical space
– Redundancy and infrastructure cost is minimum 2N
– Temperature rise on cooling failure is rapid
Q = M Cp Δt
Where :
Q = nett sensible cooling capacity (enthalpy change kW) M = mass flow rate (kg/s) Cp = specific heat capacity (kJ/kg) Δt = dry bulb temperature differential (°K)
First law of thermodynamics : Energy can neither be created or destroyed
Evaluating Cooling Requirements
A CRAC unit rated at 30kW supplies 2.5m³/s of air with a supply temperature of 14°C and return air temperature of 24°C (temperature differential 10°K) to achieve 30kW nett sensible cooling capacity
A rack cooler rated at 30kW supplies 1.25m³/s of air with supply temperature of 20°C and return air temperature of 40°C (temperature differential 20°K) to achieve 30kW nett sensible cooling capacity
CRAC 30kW = 2.94 x 1.02 x 10
Rack Cooler 30kW = 1.47 x 1.02 x 20
Blade 30kW = 1.56 x 1.02 x 19
Evaluating Cooling Requirements
Typical Cooling Parameters
CRAC/CCU Method
What Is Being Cooled?
Approx 5.1kW heat rejection per chassis 465cfm (0.22m3/s) per chassis Temp. difference of 19°K required for 5.1kW
at airflow rate shown
Typical Blade Server
Criteria Example Server CRAC/CCU Rack
Cooler
Supply temperature (°C) 20.0 14.0 20.0
Return temperature (°C) 39.0 24.0 40.0
Temperature differential (°K) 19.0 10.0 20.0
l/s air per kW cooling 44.0 83.3 41.6
Parameters Compared
Cooling Parameters of Blade Server and Different Cooling Methods
Interim Conclusion
Operational Imbalance
The Solution
Echo IT Cooling System (patent applications 0711247.7 & 0911444.8)
Not Just Another Chimney
Sensing Locations
Active Cabinet Exhaust
Control it, Optimise it
Twin EC variable Speed Fans (N+1 up to 18kW per rack)
Quick swap ACE controller
Quick swap fan tray
Dual temperature sensors in air stream
Incident panel releases upon high temperature alarm to vent
cabinet to room.
Pressure monitoring at front & rear of
cabinet
Pressure Control
1U server heat sink fanexternal static 0-5pa
Closed loop = fans in series
100kW CRAC unit8480l/s
1U server heat sink fan50l/s
100kW CRAC unitexternal static 50-100pa
Flexible DeploymentLoad server cabinets as required
Day 1Low load <4kW
Day 2Medium load 4-10kW
Day 3High load 11-20kW
Echo System Benefits
Energy Saving
By matching the server parameters there is no need to overcool i.e. maintain a room between 14 and 24°C when the server should be between 20 and 40°C or even higher!
Speed controlled fans ensure that airflow matches IT requirements Elevated return air temperatures make cooling coils more efficient Elevated water temperatures allow for partial free-cooling for 95% of
the year & full free-cooling for 50% (London, UK)
How is it Achieved?
Energy SavingHow is it Achieved?
How Much Does It Cost?
£2,000,000
£1,000,000 Standard Free - cooling
System
Echo Cooling System21%
increase in cost
How Much Can Be Saved?
Standard Free - cooling
System
Echo Cooling System
£500,000
£250,000
Annual difference
55.8%
Typical payback < 27 months
Project Meridian - an OverviewNew HQ for Illumina Europe
• Mission: Illumina’s mission is to be the leading provider of integrated solutions that advance the understanding of genetics and health.
• Consumables Manufacturing– Sequencing Consumables Mfg– Robust reagent mfg capability
• Commercial– European HQ for Commercial– High Quality Customer facing
attributes– Support for European field teams
• Research– Primary Illumina site for Sequencing
Research & Development– Sequencing applications research &
development
Project Meridian - an OverviewNew HQ for Illumina Europe
Project Meridian - an OverviewData Centre
Energy SavingIllumina Operational Data
+ Full free-cooling was recorded up to 13°C ambient providing a PUE of 1.14
+ Echo cooling system COP 7.79 up to 13°C ambient + Based on test data predicted annualised PUE would be 1.22 to
1.28
+ 12 month record data shows 70% of year on full free cooling
+ Annualised PUE at part load 1.34
NOTE : this is without changes to operating temperatures as defined in the revised ASHRAE guidelines
Energy SavingIllumina Operational Data
Mechanical Cooling 21%
Partial Free -cooling 9%
Full Free -cooling 70%
Achieving Project Requirements
Energy efficient cooling solution Cost effective solution 12kW average load density per rack
position Maximum of 20kW in any single
rack position No fixed location of high density
cabinets at design stage Mixture of 19” rack based
hardware and free standing open post equipment
SummaryEcho Cooling System
The Echo cooling system innovatively combines the benefits of traditional data centre cooling methods with the advantages of the latest rack based cooling systems, culminating in a uniquely distilled system offering the best of both approaches without compromise.
Echo Cooling Unit (ECU)
Key features at a glance:
• 6-150 kW• Chilled water• EC Fan• Latest controls technology• Class A EER’s• More cooling per m2
• Variable air volume• Dual power supply
Echo Free-cooling Chiller
Key features at a glance:
• 20-1350 kW• R410A, R407C, R134a• ESEER up to 5.69• Class A EER up to 3.68• Free-cooling virtually all year round• E-coated microchannel coils reduce life
cycle costs• EC fan for ultimate system efficiency• Interactive head pressure setpoint
management for energy optimisation
Active Cabinet Exhaust (ACE)
Key features at a glance:
• 2 – 20kW• Twin EC variable Speed Fans (N+1 up to 18kW per rack)• Pressure monitoring at front and rear of cabinet• Dual temperature sensors in air stream• Exhaust damper
Controls
Key features at a glance:
• Complete system control• Real time analysis• Complete System Diagnostics
DeltaChill (FC) + SmartCool
AiredalePrecision Air Conditioning
Market leader
#1 for R410A
6-150kW 7 system types
Energy efficientReliability / redundancy
Integrated solutions
#1 UK manufacturer
40-1200kW #1 for TurboCor
UK pioneer ofFree-cooling
First TurboCor FreeCool
AiredaleChillers
www.airedale.com
Controls Demonstration
Thank YouQ & A Session
www.airedale.com
