Egyptian History New Kingdom, Class One, The Highlights of the New Kingdom 1550 to 1070 BC Adjunct Professor Joe Boisvert
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The Highlights of the New Kingdom 1550 BC to 1070 BC
2011 2012 Joe Boisvert
Adjunct Professor
Class One
Gulf Coast State College
Review of Ancient Egypt Worlds Longest Lasting Civilization
5300 BC - ??
Definition:Pre-dynastic Egypt refers to the period before the
pharaohs.
During this period, the Egyptians first practiced agriculture along
the Nile valley.
Earliest pre-dynastic areas were in the Nile Delta and the Fayum
depression, located 70 km southwest of Cairo.
These pre-dynastic cultures are considered part of a Neolithic
phase in Egypt that began in about 5300 B.C., in Lower Egypt.
In Upper Egypt (south of the Nile Delta), the earliest Pre-dynastic
sites come from about 4500 B.C.
At the end of the Pre-dynastic period came the Proto-Dynastic
period. After that came the unification of Egypt, attributed to
Menes, and the Early Dynastic Period.
Pre-dynastic Egypt
Where is Egypt
B.C. New Kingdom, Dynasties 1820:The
Theban king Ahmose I reunites Egypt, founding Dynasty 18.
A series of great warrior kings, in particular Thutmose III, extend
Egyptian influence in western Asia throughout the Levant to the
borders of the Hittite empire.
Egypt also gains control of Nubia as far south as the fourth
cataract.
New Kingdom Glorious Times
Through military campaigns, trade, diplomatic gifts, and tribute,
Egypt attains a level of wealth previously unknown. This wealth is
a catalyst for the third great flowering of Egyptian culture,
marked by royal building campaigns unequaled since the time of the
pyramids.
Valley of the Kings
Karnack
Thebes
Abu Sidel
Akhenaton's New Capital
The Great Pharaohs
Included Hatshepsut (the famous female Pharaoh), Akhenaton,
Tutankhamen, Tuthmose and Ramses II.
Started New Egyptian Empire
When Ahmose (reigned from c1550 1525 BC) became king, Egypt was in
crisis. It was occupied in the north and threatened in the south.
It was a shadow of its former self. But by the time he died, Ahmose
had liberated his country and started the new Egyptian
empire.
Mummy of Ahmose Father
New Kingdom Time of Conquest
In an effort to secure Egyptian borders against future invasions,
Ahmose conquered a territory stretching from Syria-Palestine in the
North, to the 2nd cataract in Nubia in the South.
Egypt became the most powerful nation in the Ancient Near
East.
Endless deathPharaoh Hatshepsut enjoyed a peaceful and
prosperous reign. She built magnificent temples, protected Egypt's
borders and masterminded a highly profitable trading mission to the
mysterious land of Punt. She should have been feted as one of the
most successful of the 18th Dynasty kings. Not everyone, however,
was impressed by her achievements.
Pharaohs of the New Kingdom in Egypt18th Dynasty 1570-1320
B.C.
Ahmose I (Nebpehtyre) (1570-1546)
Amenhotep I (Djeserkare) (1546-1527)
Tuthmose I (Akheperkare) (1527-1515)
Tuthmose II (Akheperenre) (1515-1498)
Queen Hatshepsut (Maatkare) (1498-1483)
Tuthmose III (Menkhepere) (1504-1450)
Amenhotep II (Akheperure) (1450-1412)
Tuthmose IV (Men-khepru-Re) (1412-1402)
Amenhotep III (Nebmaatre) (1402-1364)
Amenhotep IV (Akhenaten) (1350-1334)
Smenkhkare (Ankhheperure) (1334)
Tutankhamen (Nebkheperoure) (1334-1325)
Ay (Kheperkheperure) (1325-1321)
Horemheb (Djeserkheperure)
New Kingdom Art
19th Dynasty 1320-1200 B.C.
Ramses I (Menpehtyre) (about 1320)
Seti I (Menmaatre) (c.1318-c.1304)
Ramses II (Usermaatre) (1304-1237)
Merneptah (c.1236-1223)
Amenmes
Seti II
Siptah (c.1208-1202)
Queen Twosret (c.1202-1200)
20th Dynasty 1200-1085 B.C.
Sethnakhte (1200-1197)
Ramses III (1197-1166)
Ramses IV
Ramses V
Ramses VI
Ramses VII
Ramses VIII
Ramses IX
Ramses X
Ramses XI
The female King vanished from Egyptian history.
Soon after her death in 1457 BC, Hatshepsut's monuments were
attacked, her statues dragged down and smashed and her image and
titles defaced. The female king vanished from Egyptian
history.
Hatshepsut and Tuthmosis: a royal feud?
Amehotep 111 Akhenaten - Tutankhamen
Egypt becomes a power to be reckoned with as conquests extend as
far as Syria and the Euphrates and these pharaohs are determined
never to allow Egypt to be ruled by outsiders again. Egypt again
becomes wealthy. The boy Tutankhamen also rules
during in this era.
Heretic King - New God - New Capital
Akhenaten, who comes to be known as the heretic king rules during
this Dynasty. He brings Aten (sun disc god) to the forefront and
diminishes the role of the god Amun (meaning the hidden
one).
Who Was King Tuts Father
It is believed by some that Amenhotep III is more likely to be his
grandfather and that Akhenaten was his father.
Belief in One God - Aten
King Akhenaten established a new religious order worshipping the
sun god Aten
Tutankhamen Boy King
Treasures of King Tut
Bronze statue Thutmose IV Kneeling.
Egypt Expanded North as Far asModern Day Turkey
Later Pharaohs in the New Kingdom expanded the boundaries of the
new empire as far as the 4th cataract to the south and as far as
the Euphrates river near the modern-day
Turkish border in the north.
The reign of the pharaoh Amenhotep III marks the zenith of
ancient Egyptian civilization, both in terms of political power and
cultural achievement.
Although Amenhotep greatly embellished Karnack as part of his
nationwide building program, the growing power of Amun's clergy was
skillfully countered by promoting the ancient sun god Ra. The sun
was also worshipped as the solar disc the Aten, with whom the king
identified himself by taking the epithet 'Dazzling Aten'.
Amenhotep III died in around 1354 BC and was buried in his huge
tomb in the secluded western branch of the Valley of the Kings. He
was succeeded by his son Amenhotep IV, better known as
Akhenaten.
Abu Simbel, Ramesseum, and Karnack Temples
Ashift in art and architecture took place mostly devoted to Amen or
Amun the God of Thebes through both the 19thand the
20thDynasties.
Abu Simbel, Ramesseum, and Karnak temples are built during this
period. Trials of the tomb robbers come forth. Tanis becomes the
capital and Thebes is under the rule of priests.
New Kingdom Rameses - 1
Known as Rameses the Great, he ruled Egypt for more than 60 years
and built many of ancient Egypt's greatest monuments.
Ramses became the third king of the 19th Dynasty at the age of
25.