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Ancient Egypt: an Overview

Ancient Egypt: an Overview. Timeline Old Kingdom2650 BC – 2134 BCOld Kingdom Middle Kingdom2125 BC – 1550 BCMiddle Kingdom New Kingdom1550 BC – 1295 BCNew

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Page 1: Ancient Egypt: an Overview. Timeline Old Kingdom2650 BC – 2134 BCOld Kingdom Middle Kingdom2125 BC – 1550 BCMiddle Kingdom New Kingdom1550 BC – 1295 BCNew

Ancient Egypt:an Overview

Page 2: Ancient Egypt: an Overview. Timeline Old Kingdom2650 BC – 2134 BCOld Kingdom Middle Kingdom2125 BC – 1550 BCMiddle Kingdom New Kingdom1550 BC – 1295 BCNew

Timeline

• Old Kingdom 2650 BC – 2134 BC

• Middle Kingdom 2125 BC – 1550 BC

• New Kingdom 1550 BC – 1295 BC

•http://www.thebanmappingproject.com/resources/timeline.html

Page 3: Ancient Egypt: an Overview. Timeline Old Kingdom2650 BC – 2134 BCOld Kingdom Middle Kingdom2125 BC – 1550 BCMiddle Kingdom New Kingdom1550 BC – 1295 BCNew

Powerful pharaohs created a large empire that reached the Euphrates River.

Hatshepsut encouraged trade.

Ramses II expanded Egyptian rule to Syria.

Egyptian power declined.

Large drainage project created arable farmland.

Traders had contacts with Middle East and Crete.

Corruption and rebellions were common.

Hyksos invaded and occupied the delta region.

Pharaohs organized a strong central state, were absolute rulers, and were considered gods.

Egyptians built pyramids at Giza.

Power struggles, crop failures, and cost of pyramids contributed to the collapse of the Old Kingdom.

NEW KINGDOM

MIDDLE

KINGDOM

OLD KINGDOM

Three Kingdoms of Ancient Egypt1

Page 4: Ancient Egypt: an Overview. Timeline Old Kingdom2650 BC – 2134 BCOld Kingdom Middle Kingdom2125 BC – 1550 BCMiddle Kingdom New Kingdom1550 BC – 1295 BCNew

Geography• Egypt is located in

northeastern Africa • The Nile River runs the

length of the country flowing south to north

• The river begins in the mountains of Africa and empties into the Mediterranean Sea

• The climate is hot and dry, part of the Sahara Desert

http://www.worldcountries.info/Maps/GoogleMap-Egypt.phphttp://www.ancientegypt.co.uk/geography/explore/ter.html

Page 5: Ancient Egypt: an Overview. Timeline Old Kingdom2650 BC – 2134 BCOld Kingdom Middle Kingdom2125 BC – 1550 BCMiddle Kingdom New Kingdom1550 BC – 1295 BCNew
Page 6: Ancient Egypt: an Overview. Timeline Old Kingdom2650 BC – 2134 BCOld Kingdom Middle Kingdom2125 BC – 1550 BCMiddle Kingdom New Kingdom1550 BC – 1295 BCNew

Geography

• Ancient Egypt was divided into two regions: Upper and Lower Egypt

• Lower (northern) Egypt consisted of the Nile River's delta made by the river as it empties into the Mediterranean.

• Upper Egypt was the long, narrow strip of ancient Egypt located south of the Delta.

http://www.ancientegypt.co.uk/geography/home.html

Page 7: Ancient Egypt: an Overview. Timeline Old Kingdom2650 BC – 2134 BCOld Kingdom Middle Kingdom2125 BC – 1550 BCMiddle Kingdom New Kingdom1550 BC – 1295 BCNew
Page 8: Ancient Egypt: an Overview. Timeline Old Kingdom2650 BC – 2134 BCOld Kingdom Middle Kingdom2125 BC – 1550 BCMiddle Kingdom New Kingdom1550 BC – 1295 BCNew
Page 9: Ancient Egypt: an Overview. Timeline Old Kingdom2650 BC – 2134 BCOld Kingdom Middle Kingdom2125 BC – 1550 BCMiddle Kingdom New Kingdom1550 BC – 1295 BCNew

The Nile River• The Nile was the

lifeblood of ancient Egypt

• It made life possible in the otherwise barren desert of Egypt.

• It is the longest river in the world (over 4,000 miles).

• It served as a source of food for the people of ancient Egypt

• It was the major source of water for bathing and drinking

• The Nile was crucial for farming

Page 10: Ancient Egypt: an Overview. Timeline Old Kingdom2650 BC – 2134 BCOld Kingdom Middle Kingdom2125 BC – 1550 BCMiddle Kingdom New Kingdom1550 BC – 1295 BCNew
Page 12: Ancient Egypt: an Overview. Timeline Old Kingdom2650 BC – 2134 BCOld Kingdom Middle Kingdom2125 BC – 1550 BCMiddle Kingdom New Kingdom1550 BC – 1295 BCNew

Blue Nile

Page 13: Ancient Egypt: an Overview. Timeline Old Kingdom2650 BC – 2134 BCOld Kingdom Middle Kingdom2125 BC – 1550 BCMiddle Kingdom New Kingdom1550 BC – 1295 BCNew

White Nile

Page 16: Ancient Egypt: an Overview. Timeline Old Kingdom2650 BC – 2134 BCOld Kingdom Middle Kingdom2125 BC – 1550 BCMiddle Kingdom New Kingdom1550 BC – 1295 BCNew

Floodplain

• The low strip of fertile land located on either side of the Nile River

• The river flooded during the annual inundation

• When the inundation subsided, it left the earth soaked and overlaid with a fresh layer of black silt.

• Most of the farming occurred here

Page 17: Ancient Egypt: an Overview. Timeline Old Kingdom2650 BC – 2134 BCOld Kingdom Middle Kingdom2125 BC – 1550 BCMiddle Kingdom New Kingdom1550 BC – 1295 BCNew

Nile Delta• Located in northern

Egypt where the Nile River spreads out and empties into the Mediterranean Sea

• 240 km of coastline, 106 km in length

• Rich agricultural region

• Most fertile soil in Africa

Page 18: Ancient Egypt: an Overview. Timeline Old Kingdom2650 BC – 2134 BCOld Kingdom Middle Kingdom2125 BC – 1550 BCMiddle Kingdom New Kingdom1550 BC – 1295 BCNew
Page 19: Ancient Egypt: an Overview. Timeline Old Kingdom2650 BC – 2134 BCOld Kingdom Middle Kingdom2125 BC – 1550 BCMiddle Kingdom New Kingdom1550 BC – 1295 BCNew

Bordered on the south, east and west by the Sahara Desert, and on the north by the sea, ancient Egypt was protected from outside influences.

Page 20: Ancient Egypt: an Overview. Timeline Old Kingdom2650 BC – 2134 BCOld Kingdom Middle Kingdom2125 BC – 1550 BCMiddle Kingdom New Kingdom1550 BC – 1295 BCNew

Great Sahara Desert

Page 21: Ancient Egypt: an Overview. Timeline Old Kingdom2650 BC – 2134 BCOld Kingdom Middle Kingdom2125 BC – 1550 BCMiddle Kingdom New Kingdom1550 BC – 1295 BCNew
Page 22: Ancient Egypt: an Overview. Timeline Old Kingdom2650 BC – 2134 BCOld Kingdom Middle Kingdom2125 BC – 1550 BCMiddle Kingdom New Kingdom1550 BC – 1295 BCNew

Facts About the Nile River

Length 4,184 miles

2 Sources Lake Victoria, Uganda (White Nile); Lake Tana, Ethiopia (Blue Nile)

Mouth Mediterranean Sea, off Egypt

Countries Flows Through

Egypt, Sudan, Uganda, Ethiopia, Zaire, Kenya, Tanzania, Rwanda, Burundi

Name Origin Greek word Nelios, which means "River Valley"

Page 23: Ancient Egypt: an Overview. Timeline Old Kingdom2650 BC – 2134 BCOld Kingdom Middle Kingdom2125 BC – 1550 BCMiddle Kingdom New Kingdom1550 BC – 1295 BCNew

Religion

• Belief that many gods and goddesses ruled the world and the afterlife Amon-Re: sun god Osiris: god of the underworld and of the Nile

• The pharaoh was believed to be a god as well as a ruler

Falcon Headed Sun God

Page 24: Ancient Egypt: an Overview. Timeline Old Kingdom2650 BC – 2134 BCOld Kingdom Middle Kingdom2125 BC – 1550 BCMiddle Kingdom New Kingdom1550 BC – 1295 BCNew

Religion

• Belief in eternal life after death. Relied on the Book of the Dead to help them through the afterworld.

• Practiced mummification, the preservation of the body for use in the next

life.

Page 25: Ancient Egypt: an Overview. Timeline Old Kingdom2650 BC – 2134 BCOld Kingdom Middle Kingdom2125 BC – 1550 BCMiddle Kingdom New Kingdom1550 BC – 1295 BCNew

Book of the Dead

Collection of spells, hymns, and prayers intended to secure a safe passage to the underworld for the deceased

Page 26: Ancient Egypt: an Overview. Timeline Old Kingdom2650 BC – 2134 BCOld Kingdom Middle Kingdom2125 BC – 1550 BCMiddle Kingdom New Kingdom1550 BC – 1295 BCNew

Writing

Making paper from papyrus

Page 27: Ancient Egypt: an Overview. Timeline Old Kingdom2650 BC – 2134 BCOld Kingdom Middle Kingdom2125 BC – 1550 BCMiddle Kingdom New Kingdom1550 BC – 1295 BCNew

What is hieroglyphics?• Hieroglyphics is the picture writing used in

ancient Egypt. The word hieroglyphics is made up of two Greek words - hieros, which means sacred, and glyphe, which means carving.

• The Egyptian hieroglyphic writing system consists of several hundred picture signs. The signs can be divided into two classes, phonograms and ideograms

Page 28: Ancient Egypt: an Overview. Timeline Old Kingdom2650 BC – 2134 BCOld Kingdom Middle Kingdom2125 BC – 1550 BCMiddle Kingdom New Kingdom1550 BC – 1295 BCNew

Phonograms represent sounds, much as alphabet letters do. Ideograms are signs that represent whole words or concepts.

Page 31: Ancient Egypt: an Overview. Timeline Old Kingdom2650 BC – 2134 BCOld Kingdom Middle Kingdom2125 BC – 1550 BCMiddle Kingdom New Kingdom1550 BC – 1295 BCNew

Mythology

Egyptian goddess Isis, tomb painting, ca. 1360 BC.

Page 32: Ancient Egypt: an Overview. Timeline Old Kingdom2650 BC – 2134 BCOld Kingdom Middle Kingdom2125 BC – 1550 BCMiddle Kingdom New Kingdom1550 BC – 1295 BCNew

HIGH PRIESTS AND PRIESTESSESServed gods and goddesses

PHARAOHEarthly leader; considered a god

NOBLESFought pharaoh’s wars

MERCHANTS, SCRIBES, AND ARTISANSMade furniture, jewelry, and fabrics for

pharaohs and nobles, and provided for other needs

PEASANT FARMERS AND SLAVESWorked in the fields and served the pharaoh

Social Classes2

Page 33: Ancient Egypt: an Overview. Timeline Old Kingdom2650 BC – 2134 BCOld Kingdom Middle Kingdom2125 BC – 1550 BCMiddle Kingdom New Kingdom1550 BC – 1295 BCNew

Daily Life

The Egyptians - Daily Life

Daily Life in Ancient Egypt