Global Education Conference 2010

Esther Wojcicki,Creative Commons, Vice Chair

Head of CC Education

How to Spread Your Ideas Globally Using Creative

Commons Licenses

CC is a nonprofit corporation dedicated to making it easier for people to share and build

upon the works of others consistent with copyright. We provide free licenses to enable

sharing

What is Creative Commons?

CC is Dedicated to Helping teachersartists

creatorseveryone

share their ideas with the world

All Rights Reserved locks up your ideas

U.S.Copyright lawsEverything you write is copyrighted

automatically for your lifetime + 70 years

Similar laws exist in all countries

CC licenses allow people to share ideas while crediting the creator

No one has to write to ask for your permission

Permission is pre-authorized

CC licenses empower the spread of your ideas and your name more

easily

It is like having thousands of people help you spread your ideas and your name

CC empowers educators and students to share their ideas globally

CC empowers the open movement

CC Mission Our mission is to minimize barriers to sharing and

reuse of educational materials — legal barriers, technical barriers, and social barriers.

What is an “open” resource? The ability to:

• Access • Share — Copy, Distribute, Display • Adapt — Perform, Translate • Derive — Remix

The openness of a resource increases with the permissions given. Allow more permissions= More

open.

CC & OER can change the world

• Education is a public good worldwide

• But the quality of education varies.

— By region— By school— By class

• Open Educational Resources (OER) change this, by promoting (e)quality education around the world.

The internet is a universal medium. It can be accessed by anyone.

Hewlett’s OER Theory of Change – Phase I

EQUALIZE ACCESS TO

KNOWLEDGERemove Barriers

High-Quality

Open Content

Understand and Stimulate Use

High-Quality

Open Content

GOALS OF OER

Text

CC helps eliminate legal barriers to sharing

Nancy cbnhttp://flickr.com/photos/pugno_muliebriter/1384247192/

Expression is often restricted.• Because expression can be, and often is, fully copyrighted.

• Copyrighted material cannot be shared, adapted, derived, or even accessed... without express permission by the owner of the copyright.

• But when people, especially educators, put things on the web, it is usually for the express purpose of making it freely available.

• Unfortunately, copyright overrules this intent.

And if you don’t license your work to be open, it automatically defaults to all rights reserved copyright.

CC licenses build on copyright.• CC Licenses are a form of copyright. They do not replace copyright, but instead grant a priori permissions for certain uses that would otherwise be disallowed.

• So the author still retains their rights to a work; they simply choose to modify those rights they do not need or want.

• This makes perfect sense in education especially, since most people want to share and build off of each other’s work.

CC offers an easy way to share materials, vs the murky interpretations of fair use in copyright law.

openDemocracy cbahttp://flickr.com/photos/opendemocracy/542303769/

CC Licenses support InteroperabilityCC wants education to be here:

“All rights reserved”

Public Domain

Attribution Only

BYCC BY

are clear, comprehensible and coLIatible

LICENSES CONDITIONS

ATTRIBUTION

NO DERIVATES

NON COMMERCIAL

SHARE ALIKE

CC Licenses

Which License should I use when?

CC-BY

Attribution Only

We encourage use of CC BY ...

• Allows the most freedoms without giving up attribution, which is important for credibility in education and for spreading your ideas

• Is compatible with every other CC license, allowing the most room for innovation via collaboration

BY

• Does not encroach on the freedom of potential users by enforcing a specified use

CC BY

Attribution Only

Lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the original creation.

BY

Consider

• You are a creator of a work, be it a

• But as a professional in your field, you want to be recognized for your work.

• Basically, you want your stuff to be used widely—by the most people possible.

This is a great case for CC BY.

play,a love song, a cookbook

or an educational video game.

CC BY

Attribution Only

Lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon your work, even commercially, as long as they credit you for the original creation.

BY

But what if

• Someone takes my stuff and locks it away, defeating the purpose of making it open?

• Someone uses my stuff inappropriately, while my name is attached to it?

That’s impossible with digital content. Even if someone remixed the work and re-licensed it under full copyright, your original work is still available, free for anybody to use.

• CC BY specifically states that you do not endorse any works derived from yours.

• So it doesn’t matter; non-endorsement clause and moral rights allow you to request a take-down and seek damages anyway.

Boo!

Hurray!

Remember: CC BY

• Allows the most freedoms with attribution (important for credibility in education)

• Is compatible with every other CC license, so...BY

• All the while NOT encroaching on the freedom of potential users by enforcing a specified use

i.e. CC BY-NC-SA might not allow print versions of your work to be given away for even a small recovery cost.

New and creative uses can develop that werenot possible before!

ND• No Derivates license means users can

not make any changes to the work

CC BY-ND

Attribution No Derivatives

Allows for redistribution, commercial and non-commercial, as long as it is passed along unchanged and in whole, with credit to you.

ND

Consider

• You are part of a group of experts that has finally finished a protocol for data curation.

• Every word was carefully considered, and it took months of meetings to complete.

• You and the group want to share it, and you don’t particularly care how it is used...

... AS LONG AS it does not get altered in any way.

For this purpose, CC BY-ND is appropriate.

CC BY-ND

Attribution No Derivatives

Allows for redistribution, commercial and non-commercial, as long as it is passed along unchanged and in whole, with credit to you.

ND

But consider too

• Foreign colleagues want to translate the protocol. They must seek permission before they can do so.

?

• Any time someone would like to adapt your work, the group’s permission is required—

Even for the simple purposes of technical and social interoperability.

• A fellow expert wants to adapt the work for display on PDAs. He must also seek permission.

?

Share Alike SA• Share Alike means if you remix or

create a new creative work, you must share it the same way it was shared with you. It does not obligate you to create something.

CC BY-NC-SA

Attribution Non-commercialShare Alike

Lets others:• remix, tweak, and build upon your work non-commercially. • download and redistribute your work.• translate, remix, and produce new stories based on your work.

All new work based on yours will carry the same license, so any derivatives will also be licensed non-commercial.

SA

Consider

• A university decides to release course content openly.

Hurray!

• However, much of the content is third-party material.

• It is difficult to get rights-holders to give them content without the NC term.

This is a case where the university may want to adopt CC BY-NC-SA,

since it is necessary to reach an agreement with all their rights-holders.

Non-Commercial--NC • Non-Commercial license means

others can remix, tweak, and build upon your work as long as it is not for commercial use.

•

But what if

• Rights holders are willing to give materials to the university without the NC restriction.

Hurray!

• So the university applies the NC term.

This is a bad reason to use NC because:

• However, the university doesn’t want anyone selling content without their permission.

Boo!

• People only buy content if they can’t access the free version, or if they want to access it differently.

i.e. A publishing co. decides to make hardcopies available at minimal prices (to recover printing costs) … to students in Bangladesh!

CC BY-NC-SA

But they can’t, because it is NC licensed.

And they don’t want to go through the red tape of negotiations.

CC combination license• Users can use any combination of the

licenses. Check the Creative Commons website at www.creativecommons.org

• Here is an example:

Public Domain • Two licenses exist the public domain

Language and supporting materials more appropriate for the educational context

What are the different CC licenses and what do they mean?

Choosing a CC license for educational materials

Point of departure for understanding the bigger issues and hopes in education

EASY TO LICENSE

YOUR WORK

EASY TO LICENSE

YOUR WORK

CC licenses support OER

Without CC licenses, it is not clear what is open

Open high quality digitized educational content, tools and communities

Available anytime, anywhere for freeLocalizable and re-mixable

Allows for collective improvement and feedback

Open Educational Resources

As educators • We need to encourage

teachers/students worldwide to share their ideas and cultures

• We need to help students be Email-Pals with kids from other parts of the world to promote understanding

• We need need to share our lesson plans and our ideas to help one another

OER Strategy

Infrastructure

Impact Teaching and Learning

InnovationR & D

OER IS WORLDWIDE

Higher Education

Journals, Books, Videos, Data, Games…

K-12

OPEN LEARNING INITIATIVE

Transform Teaching and Learning:Open Game Based Environments

Open Language Learning InitiativeThis work is licensed under aCreative Commons Attribution 3.0 License

How to Find

OER?

How to Find

OER?

A few ideas.A few ideas.

Search on CC

One way is using a Google Custom Search Engine

• So far this OER Beta Search only includes 20 universities but more will

be added.

• Here is the link

• More information will be available in January 2011

G OER Search for Higher Education Resources

OOCW has a federated search 0f 3947 courses

Social Barriersto OER

Technical Unfamiliarity

Workload

Organizational Pressures

Agency

Standardized Curricula

Standardized Curricula

Cultural

CulturalCultural

Awareness, Misconceptions

Standardized Curricula

Tenure Standards

Developed World

Developing World

My stuff

vs

Commons

vs

Noncommercial Term

Resources

Developed World

Developed World

Teacher Education

Socioeconomic factors

Time Management

Teacher Salary

(Bissell and Boyle)

Technical Pluses & Minuses

CC licenses are visible to search engines

• CC Licenses specify licensing restrictions on works in metadata

•Much OER is NOT picked up by search engines such as Google, Yahoo and Bing

Reference for this and later slides (where noted): Towards a Global Learning Commons: ccLearn. Bissell, Ahrash and James Boyle. Educational Technology 4(6). Nov-Dec 2007. Pages 5-9.

Other Technical ConcernsIncompatibility of:

• Encryption protocols

• Video formats

• Streaming technologies

So that even though OER may be licensed openly, they are prevented from being used openly, negating the point of openness.

A great deal of “open educational resources” are encased in technology not easily translatable to more universal, interoperable standards.

David Tames cbnahttp://flickr.com/photos/kino-eye/354623704/

(Bissell and Boyle)

DiscoverEd - "Discover the Universe of Open Educational Resources" Jorum - "free learning and teaching resources, created and contributed by teaching staff from UK Further and Higher Education Institutions"OCWFinder - "search, recommend, collaborate, remix"OER Commons - "Find Free-to-Use Teaching and Learning Content from around the World. Organize K-12 Lessons, College Courses, and more.”Temoa - "a knowledge hub that eases a public and multilingual catalog of Open Educational Resources (OER) which aims to support the education community to find those resources and materials that meet their needs for teaching and learning through a specialized and collaborative search system and social tools."University Learning = OCW+OER = Free custom search engine - a meta-search engine incorporating many different OER repositories uses Google Custom Search XPERT - "a JISC funded rapid innovation project (summer 2009) to explore the potential of delivering and supporting a distributed repository of e-learning resources created and seamlessly published through the open source e-learning development tool called Xerte Online Toolkits. The aim of XPERT is to progress the vision of a distributed architecture of e-learning resources for sharing and re-use." OER Dynamic Search Engine - a wiki page of OER sites with accompanied search engine (powered by Google Custom Search)The UNESCO OER Toolkit links to further useful, annotated resources and repositories.JISC Digital Media maintain guidance on finding video, audio and images online, including those licensed as Creative Commons.

SEARCH RESOURCES

You can help OER & CC• Tell all your educators friends about

OER

• Try using it yourself

• Create some OER and share

• Tell educators about CC licensing

• Send feedback to Creative Commons at this link

Thanks

•Thank you for coming to this presentation

•You can find it on SlideShare.

• Esther Wojcicki

Except where otherwise noted, this slideshow is

licensed CC BY .