COMPUTER APPLICATIONS -II

M S . S A P N A A R O R A S A I N I

A S S I S TA N T P R O F E S S O R - I T

CONTENTS OF PRESENTATION• Introduction to WWW

• Why to learn this subject?

• Basic Concepts of Web Technology.

• Internet & Intranet

• Client & Server Relationship,Windows NT server(IIS),Linux(apache) as a web server

• Planning your website: Doing business on the web

• An overview of Internet Service Providers(ISP)

• Search Engines & its types, Purpose of search engine, Working of basic search engine,

• Searching Techniques

• Making a Website plan, Formatting a Project Team, Setting Goals & Objectives

• Developing the Right business Strategy

INTRODUCTION TO WWWWWW is a collection of interlinked information that is spreaded all over the world

that can only be accessed by internet.Internet is a large network of computers that

are spreaded across the globe(all over the world).

According to Wikipedia

"The World Wide Web (WWW) is an open source information space where

documents and other web resources are identified by URLs, interlinked by hypertext

links, and can be accessed via the Internet.It has become known simply as the Web.

The World Wide Web was central to the development of the Information Age and is

the primary tool billions of people use to interact on the Internet.“

The World Wide Web was invented by English scientist Tim Berners-Lee in 1989. He

wrote the first web browser in 1990 while employed at CERN in Switzerland.

WWW & INTERNET1. Internet is a massive network that connects millions of computers

across the globe. While web is a way by which the information is

accessed over the internet. Information over the internet travels

from the computer to computer via protocols

2. WWW uses HTTP(to transmit data ,share the web pages &

exchange business logic).Internet uses SMTP(While sharing

files),FTP(transferring), HTTP(While exchanging web related

information)

Web therefore can be said to be a portion of the internet.

FEATURES OF WWW:

1. The WWW is a search tool that helps you find and retrieve information from a Web site

using links to other sites and documents.

2. WWW lets you search, traverse, and use many types of information at numerous sites and

in multiple forms. This interface is called a browser. Some people refer to a browser as a

'web browser' Often these terms are used interchangeably.World wide web makes use of

web browsers like netscape navigator,opera, IE to view & navigate the web pages(which are

linked to each other).

3. WWW Porivdes interactivity to the user(2 way communication)

4. WWW has a protocol, which is known as HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP). HTTP acts

as an interface between a Web Client Software, such Netscape Navigator.

5. Apart from HTTP, WWW supports TCP/IP services like Gopher, FTP, and Archie in addition

to HTTP.

WHY TO LEARN THIS SUBJECT• To learn & integrate the concepts of WWW.

• To work with the Modern Technologies over the internet.

• To develop applications using Scripting.

• To get a review of basic aspects like Protocols, regulations, client server relations, that we use

in daily life.

BASIC CONCEPTS OF WEB TECHNOLOGY• Web Technology is the establishment & use of mechanisms that make it possible for different

computers to communicate & share resources.

• Web Technology are the infrastructural building blocks of any effective computer

network(LAN,WAN or MAN) such as internet.

Various concepts associated with Web technology

1) Web Address/URL

2) Domain

3) IP address

4) Domain Name

5) Internet Protocol

6) HTTP

BASIC CONCEPTS OF WEB TECHNOLOGY(CONTI..)

7) SMTP/MIME

8) Web Casting(Broadcasting over the internet)

9) Web Server

10) Proxy Server

11) Firewall

12) Java & Java Script

13) Portal

14) Home page

15) Cookies(Temporary Files)

16) Browser

17) Search Engine

18) Plug-ins

19) W3C

20) Web Hosting(A service that allows individuals & organizations to have a website made available via the

WWW. Web hosts are usually based out of a data centre that makes up the client websites)

INTERNET & INTRANET

INTERNET INTRANET EXTRANET

• Internet is a global system of

Computer Networks.

• Nework of Networks.

Private network that is

contained within an

enterprise.

An extranet is a private network that

uses technology & the public

telecommunication system to securely

share part of a business’s information

or op’n.

• Technically, when a network

uses a set of protocols called

TCP/IP, it stands out & is called

then the internet.

• Typically internet uses three

layers. At the lowest level is IP,

which defines the datagram or

packets that carry blocks of

data from one node to another

node.

• Internet is not owned by any

one body.

• A intranet may consist of

many interlinked LANs &

also use leased lines in the

WAN.

• Main purpose of intranet

is to share company

information among

employees.

• Extranets combine the privacy and

security of intranets with the global

reach of the internet, granting access

to outside business partners,

suppliers, and costumers to a

controlled portion of the enterprise

network. They provide flexibility

serving internal and external users.

• Supports the concept of Tunneling.

Email, Internet Relay chat, Internet

telephony

Corporate Phonebook,

Teleconferecing for meeting

Exchange of large volumes of data using

EDI.

CLIENT & SERVER RELATIONSHIP

• Client server characteristics describes the relationship of cooperating programs in an

application.

• The server component provides a function or service to one or many clients(which initiate

requests for such services)

• Servers are classified by the services they provide. For instance ,A web server serves web

pages , A file server serves computer files.

• Often clients & servers communicate over a computer nerwork on a separate hardware, but

both client & server may reside in the same system.

WINDOWS NT SERVER(IIS),

• IIS(Internet Information Service), formerly known as Internet Information Server, is a group of Internet Servers(includes HTTP, FTP,SMTP,NNTP servers) that is tightly integrated with Windows NT & 2000 server OS.

• Different versions of IIS have come by now( IIS1.0,2.0,3.0,5.1,6.0,7.0)

• Major Features of IIS are : Supportability of ActiveX controls

• Major Security Issue: More prone to virueses like Code Red & Nimda.

• IIS7 contains a handful of modules like:

HTTP modules

Security Modules

Content Modules

Compression Modules

Caching Modules…

PRACTICAL APPLICATION OF IIS

Administrators can use the Web Server (IIS) role to set up and manage multiple websites, web applications, and FTP sites.

Some of the specific features include the following:

1. Use IIS Manager to configure IIS features and administer you websites.

2. Use File Transfer Protocol (FTP) to allow website owners to upload and download files.

3. Use website isolation to protect against one website from interfering with other sites on your server.

4. Configure web applications that are written using various technologies, such as classic ASP, ASP.NET, and PHP.

5. Use Windows PowerShell to automate management of most administration tasks for your web server.

LINUX(APACHE) AS A WEB SERVER• Freely distributed open source OS, that runs on a number of hardware platforms.

• Free to use.

• First version 2.0 was written for Unix & later linux but now there are are versions that run

underOS/2, windows,Aniga OS & other platforms.

PLANNING YOUR WEBSITE:DOINGBUSINESS ON THE WEB• Planning Details – Branded product, Expense to deliver, Customer requirement

• Website planning concepts

• Forming a project team(Project mgr, Art Director, Information

Designer,Technical lead, DB programmer..)

• Goals ( specific, realistic, challenging & prioritized) & Objective Setting(e-

commerce, content, self service)

• Determine your target market.

• Tools & resources(Hosting, software , site layout, menu system,forms)

MAKING A WEBSITE PLAN, 1. Products/services

2. Contact us

3. Pricing

4. Testimonials

5. FAQ

6. Online magazines/ Newletters

7. Resources

8. About us

9. Guarantee

10. Survey

11. Events calender

12. Return /refund policy

13. Privacy Policy

14. Sitemap

15. Copyright information

16. Links

17. Media information

18. News

19. Online Store

FORMING A PROJECT TEAM,• Project or Accounts Manager

• Art Director/ Designer

• Information Architect

• Developer/Programmer

• Content Manager

• Technical lead

• DB Programmer

• Usability specialist

• Web Promotional Specialist

SETTING GOALS & OBJECTIVES

• Decide the purpose

• Goals formation

• Determine the objectives of website

• Determine your target market

• Collect your tools & resources

DEVELOPING THE RIGHT BUSINESS STRATEGY• A business strategy describes how a particular business intends to succeed in its chosen market

place against its competitors. It therefore represents the bestattempt that the management can

make at defining and securing the future of thatbusiness. A business strategy should provide

clear answers to the questions:

• What is the scope of the business (or offering) to which this strategy applies?

• What are the current and future needs of customers and potential customers of this business?

• What are the distinctive capabilities or unique competence that will give us competitive

advantage in meeting these needs now and in the future?

• What in broad terms needs to be done to secure the future of our business?

• A good business strategy will meet six tests of quality:

• It will be correctly scoped.

• It will be appropriately documented.

• It will address real customer needs.

• It will exploit genuine competencies.

• It will contribute to competitive advantage.

• It will lay the ground for implementation

To develop the right strategy , we must emphasise on following steps:

• Determine the type of target audience.

• Choose the right content for website.

• Make your website compatible with the environment.

• Proper Response plan for customers(Customer Care).

• Make proper business & marketing strategy.

• Time to time feedback strategy.

• Review the goals & market with passage of time.

AN OVERVIEW OF INTERNET SERVICE PROVIDERS(ISP)• An Internet service provider (ISP) is an organization that provides services for accessing, using, or

participating in the Internet. Internet service providers may be organized in various forms, such as commercial, community-owned, non-profit, or otherwise privately owned.

• Internet services typically provided by ISPs include Internet access, Internet transit, domain name registration, web hosting & Usenet service.

• Classification of ISP:

1. Access providers ISP

2. Mailbox providers

3. Transit ISPs

4. Hosting ISPs

5. Virtual ISPs

6. Wireless ISP:

• Access providers ISP: ISPs provide Internet access, employing a range of technologies to connect

users to their network.Available technologies have ranged from computer modems to telephone

lines, to television cable (CATV), wireless Ethernet (wi-fi), and fiber optics.For users and small

businesses, traditional options include copper wires to provide dial-up, DSL (typically asymmetric

digital subscriber line (ADSL), cable modem or Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) . Using

fiber-optics to end users is called Fiber To The Home or similar names.

• Mailbox providers:A mailbox provider is an organization that provides services for hosting

electronic mail domains with access to storage for mail boxes. It provides email servers to send,

receive, accept, and store email for end users or other organizations.

• Transit ISPs provide large amounts of bandwidth for connecting hosting ISPs and access ISPs.

• Hosting ISPs: Internet hosting services provide email, web-hosting, or online storage services.

Other services include virtual server, cloud services, or physical server operation.

• Virtual ISPs: A virtual ISP (VISP) is an operation that purchases services from another ISP,

sometimes called a wholesale ISP in this context, which allow the VISP's customers to access the

Internet using services and infrastructure owned and operated by the wholesale ISP. VISPs resemble

mobile virtual network operators and competitive local exchange carriers for voice communications.

• Wireless ISP:A wireless internet service provider (WISP) is an Internet service provider with a

network based on wireless networking.

SEARCH ENGINES & ITS TYPES, • A web search engine is a software system that is designed to search for information on the

World Wide Web. The search results are generally presented in a line of results often referred

to as search engine results pages (SERPs). The information may be a mix of web pages, images,

and other types of files. Some search engines also mine data available in databases or open

directories.

• A search engine maintains the following processes in near real time:

• 1.Web crawling

• 2.Indexing

• 3.Searching

WORKING OF BASIC SEARCH ENGINE

Internet search engines are special sites on the web that are designed to help people find the

information stored on other sites. There are differences in the ways various search engines work, but they perform 3 main tasks:

• They search the internet or select pieces of internet

• They keep index of words they find, & where they find them.

• They allow users to look for words or combinations of words found in that index.

SEARCHING TECHNIQUES

• Identifying keywords

• Phrase searching

• Domain search

• Link search

• Host search

Example of search engine: Altavista, infoseek , excite, yahoo, lycos

ASSIGNMENT & QUESTION BANKAssignment

1. What do you mean by a network? Differentiate between LAN, WAN & MAN.

2. Is there any difference between http & https? Elaborate.

3. What is URI & URN?

4. Explain the following concepts of Web Technology: Firewall, Web server & domain name.

Question Bank

1. What do you mean by Web Browser? Also explain Netscape Navigator & Internet Explorer

in detail.

2. Mention the 3 differences between Windows NT IIS & Unix/Linux Apache.

3. List 3 differences between Internet, intranet & extranet.

4. Show the various considerations included in case of Web Servers(IIS & Apache).