Weight Management:

Overweight and Underweight

Distribution of Body Weights inAmerican Adults

How Does US Stand?

ADD Stat% of US Adults were overweight in 1998

Fat Cell Development

During periods of

growth in late childhood/earl

y puberty, # on fat cells

increase

During periods of

excess intake, fats cell size

increases

When fat cells have reached

their maximum

size, the cell number

increases

Even with fat loss, the cells

may shrink but not the

number

LPL Levels and Set Point Theory

LPL (Lipoprotein Lipase)

-- located on adipose cell membranes and promote fat storage

-- higher the activity level of LPL, the more efficient storage of fat is

-- after weight lose, LPL increases, increasing fat deposition

The Weight-Cycling Effect of Repeated Dieting

Each period of dieting results in

a resetting of your

“homeostatic set point”.

Therefore, each loss is followed by a gain even larger than the

loss

The ob Protein: Leptin

Leptin’s Action in the Body:Negative Energy Balance

Leptin’s Action in the Body: Positive Energy Balance

The Psychology Weight Cycling

Where does this “I’m not

happy with my appearance” come from?

Comparison of Average Women, Barbie and Store Mannequins

“Average”

Women

Barbie

Store Mannequin

s

Height

Weight

Dress size

Bust

Waist

Hips

BMI

5’ 4”

145 lbs.

11 -14

36 - 37”

29 - 31”

40 - 42”

24.97

6’ 0”

101 lbs

4

39”

19”

33”

13.7

6’ 0”

Not available

6

34”

23”

34”

BMI of Miss America Winners

Jamie Lee CurtisInterview on Dateline

following her Cover Story in More Magazine

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Aggressive Methods of Weight Control

Drugs:

Sibutramine - suppresses appetite by inhibiting uptake of serotonin

Orlistat - inhibits pancreatic lipase activity lowering the efficiency of fat digestion and absorption

Over the counter: Benzocaine, Acutrim, Dex-A-Diet, Phenyldrine, Phenoxine,

Aggressive Methods of Weight Control

Herbal:

St. John’s Wort

Ma Huang - Ephedrine(Nature’s Own Fat Burner!!)

CLA (Conjugated Linoleic Acid)

Aggressive Methods of Weight Control

Surgery:

Suction lipectomy - Liposuction

Stomach restriction - Gastric Bypass Surgery

Surgical Methods of Weight Control

Gastric Bypass

More Reasonable Methods for Weight Loss

Weight Loss Eating Plans:

- emphasize Adequacy- smaller portions (e.g. grazing)- emphasize Complex Carbs- select Fats wisely- emphasize Nutitional Density- drink lots of water- increase Physical Activity

More Reasonable Methods for Weight Gain

Weight Gain Eating Plans:

- Energy Dense Foods- Regular Meals- Add Extra Snacks- Juice & Milk- Physical Activity builds Muscle

Athlete Eating Disorders –Female Athlete Triad

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Anorexia NervosaBulimia Nervosa

Binge Eating DisordersThe Vicious Cycle:

Anorexia Nervosa

- refusal to maintain healthy body weight( Usually < 85% of healthy body weight )

- intense fear of gaining body weight

- see themselves in unrealistic way

- restrictive and binge-and-purge types

Bulimia Nervosa

- relatively normal body weight

- see themselves in unrealistic way

- purge and non-purging types

Binge Eating Disorder

- normal and obese body weight

- see themselves in unrealistic way

- rarely purge

- behavioral disorder