CHAPTER 5 NOTESCHAPTER 5 NOTESPHOTOSYNTHESISPHOTOSYNTHESIS

AND AND RESPIRATIONRESPIRATION

I. CELLS AND ENERGYI. CELLS AND ENERGY

A. Without the ability to produce and A. Without the ability to produce and use use energyenergy, living things would not , living things would not existexist..

B. Energy in the B. Energy in the cellcell comes from a comes from a compound called compound called ATPATP..

II. FERMENTATIONII. FERMENTATION

The process of making ATP without The process of making ATP without oxygenoxygen..

A. A. Lactic acid fermentationLactic acid fermentation – occurs in – occurs in most most animalsanimals..

a. causes the burning sensation in muscles a. causes the burning sensation in muscles when you when you exerciseexercise..

B. B. Alcoholic fermentationAlcoholic fermentation – occurs in – occurs in yeastyeast..

a. yeast gives off a. yeast gives off carbon dioxidecarbon dioxide and and alcoholalcohol. This is what causes bread dough to . This is what causes bread dough to rise and is used in the production of beer rise and is used in the production of beer and wine.and wine.

III. RESPIRATIONIII. RESPIRATION

the release of the release of energyenergy from the breakdown from the breakdown of food molecules in the presence of of food molecules in the presence of oxygenoxygen.. A. Respiration takes place in the A. Respiration takes place in the mitochondriamitochondria

of the cell.of the cell. B. Takes place in both B. Takes place in both plantplant and and animalanimal cells. cells. C. You can prove respiration is taking place C. You can prove respiration is taking place

because because carbon dioxidecarbon dioxide and and waterwater are given off are given off as a waste product.as a waste product.

(Humans get rid of carbon dioxide by (Humans get rid of carbon dioxide by exhalingexhaling..

Bromythomyl blue turned yellow when you blew bubbles because of the carbon dioxide that you exhaled.

Formula for RespirationFormula for Respiration

CC66HH1212OO66 + 6O + 6O22 = 6CO = 6CO22 +6H +6H22O+ O+ EnergyEnergy

Reactants – Reactants – glucoseglucose and and oxygenoxygen

Products – Products – carbon dioxidecarbon dioxide, , waterwater, and , and

ATPATP

IV. PHOTOSYNTHESISIV. PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Process by which Process by which plantsplants use the use the energy of energy of sunlightsunlight to produce to produce foodfood.. A. Photosynthesis takes place in the A. Photosynthesis takes place in the

chloroplastchloroplast of plant cells. of plant cells. B. The green pigment in plants that B. The green pigment in plants that

absorbs light is absorbs light is chlorophyllchlorophyll. . C. C. GlucoseGlucose is the sugar (food) made by is the sugar (food) made by

plants. It is changed and stored as plants. It is changed and stored as starchstarch..

Tested a leaf for the presence of starch by crushing the leaf then addingiodine to the leaf. If starch was present, bluish-black color appeared.This proved that photosynthesis had occurred.

Formula for Formula for PhotosynthesisPhotosynthesis

6CO6CO22+6H+6H22O+Energy O+Energy =C=C66HH1212OO66+6O+6O22

Reactants – Reactants – carbon dioxidecarbon dioxide, , waterwater, and , and light energylight energy

Products – Products – glucoseglucose, , oxygenoxygen