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This presentation is an explanation about why capacity is the major issue facing mobile network operators as well as operators of networks in many other vertical industries today. Microwave link capacity is critical for ensuring uninterrupted, high-quality voice and data service, with the best user experience. DL the white paper here: http://bit.ly/10PfRCP Email Tzvika Naveh: [email protected]:
Citation preview
The Real Story about Microwave Capacity
June 2013
Capacity Innovation
Proprietary and Confidential
Capacity Innovation
2
• It is hard to compare capacity claims from different vendors
• Capacity innovations are split between
• Radio throughput (“committed” capacity) - without any optimization
• Capacity-boosting techniques - e.g., “accelerators”
• In this presentation we will explain the pros and cons and
considerations about each innovative capacity technique
• There is no “silver bullet” in capacity innovation. Each technique is
additive to other capacity innovation techniques offered by Ceragon
• Beware of microwave vendors who “warn” and advise you not to
adopt a specific capacity innovation – it usually means they don’t
support it…
Proprietary and Confidential
Can You Get More Capacity from Your Backhaul?
3 Increased capacity in microwave links: 5 Steps
Network Utilization
Spectrum
Spectral Efficiency
Spatial Efficiency
Traffic Boosting
Payload Deduplication
4x4 LoS MIMO
2048QAM
Wide Channels
Asymmetrical
Header Deduplication
Radio Throughput without any optimization
Capacity Boosting Techniques
WRED
HQoS
TCP Buffers
Proprietary and Confidential
Radio Throughput - “Committed” Capacity
4 Increased capacity in microwave links: 5 Steps
Network Utilization
Spectrum
Spectral Efficiency
Spatial Efficiency
Traffic Boosting
Payload Deduplication
4x4 LoS MIMO
2048QAM
Wide Channels
Asymmetrical
Header Deduplication
Radio Throughput without any optimization
Capacity Boosting Techniques
WRED
HQoS
TCP Buffers
Proprietary and Confidential
Radio Throughput without any optimization
5
Spectral Efficiency Spectrum
Use more spectrum efficiently
Spatial Efficiency
Pros
• Wider channel bandwidth
• New spectrum (V/E-band)
Cons
• V/E-band radios with high frequencies are
suitable for short distance, high capacity
backhaul
Considerations
• Continuous 112MHz bands are rarely
available in traditional microwave
frequencies
• Other techniques like Channel
Aggregation or Multi-Carrier Bonding are
also available
• Vendors claiming to have up to 10Gbps
microwave (MW) actually provide high
frequency millimeter wave radio in
E-Band (70-90GHz) or V-Band (60GHz)
for short distance wireless links Recommendation ITU-R F.746-10 (03/2012) - Radio-frequency arrangements for fixed service systems
Wireless frequency bands (by ITU-R )
Proprietary and Confidential
Radio Throughput without any optimization
6
Spectral Efficiency Spectrum
More Bits per Symbol
Spatial Efficiency
Pros
• More capacity per given spectrum
• 2048QAM offers 35% more radio throughput
than 256QAM (without any optimization)
• In 28MHz + 66Mbps
• In 56MHz +130Mbps
Cons
• System Gain (signal strength) decreases as
modulation increases
• Higher sensitivity to interference
Considerations
• System gain decrease can be offset using multi-
core radios or LoS MIMO technologies
• Enhanced algorithms allow high Tx power even
with high modulation
• Apply ACM with higher modulation offset lower
system gain and increase link availability
2048QAM
Use Spectrum Where Needed
Proprietary and Confidential
Radio Throughput without any optimization
7
Spectral Efficiency Spectrum Spatial Efficiency
Pros
• 50% more downlink capacity at no
extra cost!
• Spectrum saving
Cons
• Requires block-allocated spectrum
• Requires regulation approval
• Spectrum coordination complexity
Considerations
• Asymmetrical network planning
requires a backhaul specialist –
contact Ceragon’s representative for
more information
Symmetrical
Asymmetrical
Click for - Asymmetric Transport - Technical Brief
More Bits per Symbol Use Spectrum Where Needed
Proprietary and Confidential
Radio Throughput without any optimization
8
Spectral Efficiency Spectrum Spatial Efficiency
Re-Use (...and re-use again)
Pros
• 4x4 LoS MIMO – Quadruple capacity over
single channel bandwidth
• MIMO – increase system gain and immunity to
dispersive fading (similar to space diversity)
• XPIC – Double the capacity over single channel
bandwidth
Cons
• While XPIC is implemented with one antenna,
LoS MIMO requires two antennas at each site.
Installation is based on calculated antenna
separation.
Considerations
• Ceragon’s IP-20C MultiCore radio offers 2+0
XPIC and 2x2 MIMO in a single outdoor unit
• Ceragon MIMO innovation is designed to cope
with non-optimal antenna separation installations
XPIC
4x4 LoS MIMO
Capacity Boosting Techniques
Proprietary and Confidential
Capacity Boosting Techniques
10 Increased capacity in microwave links: 5 Steps
Network Utilization
Spectrum
Spectral Efficiency
Spatial Efficiency
Traffic Boosting
Payload Deduplication
4x4 LoS MIMO
2048QAM
Wide Channels
Asymmetrical
Header Deduplication
Radio Throughput without any optimization
Capacity Boosting Techniques
WRED
HQoS
TCP Buffers
Proprietary and Confidential
Capacity Boosting Techniques
11
Traffic Boosting Network Utilization
Header Deduplication Payload Deduplication
Pros
• Typically 30% More Capacity
Cons
• Capacity improvement dependent on
average Ethernet packet size
Considerations
• Does not impact or alter traffic
• Does not affect latency
• Operates between two ends of the same link
• Few vendors offer “accelerators” with
capacity gain dependent on traffic types.
Ceragon’s Header Deduplication is effective
for all types of services
Header Deduplication Typically 30% extra capacity
Loss-less compression of duplicated
frames headers
Proprietary and Confidential
Capacity Boosting Techniques
12
Traffic Boosting Network Utilization
Header Deduplication Payload Deduplication
Pros
• 35-40% improvements were measured in
live networks worldwide
• Content in mobile data is highly repetitive
especially in peak hours (users access
the same content – news, youtube, …)
Cons
• Capacity improvement depends on traffic
patterns
• Not suitable for encrypted data
Considerations
• Additive to other traffic acceleration
techniques offered by Ceragon
• Content, application & protocol agnostic
• Does not affect network functionality
Payload Deduplication Typically 40% extra capacity
Compressor
De-compressor
Innovative bit stream indexing technology
that exploits repetitive bit patterns in
traffic
Virtual capacity is generated by eliminating repetitions
Proprietary and Confidential
Capacity Boosting Techniques
13
Traffic Boosting Network Utilization
Pros
• Deep priority queues with configurable
buffer length allows network planners to
handle bursty TCP-oriented traffic in
order to maximize network utilization
Cons
• Buffer size can be configured as a
tradeoff between the latency and
immunity to bursts according application
requirements
Considerations
• Ceragon offers priority queues with
configurable buffer length and ultra deep
buffers (click for more information)
Radio capacity is not enough… the end-user experiences the TCP throughput
Most services and applications runs over TCP protocol.
Instantaneous congestion over the TCP protocol
resulting in instantaneous, large bursts that contribute to
application throughput reduction and poor quality of
experience for the user
HQoS WRED TCP Buffers
Network speed benchmark measurements are done
with Single TCP Flow
Proprietary and Confidential
Capacity Boosting Techniques
14
Traffic Boosting Network Utilization
Pros
• improve radio link utilization by up to 25%
Cons
• Requires traffic engineering
implementations
Considerations
• TCP uses packet loss as indication of
congestion
• Radio link congestion causes
synchronized packet loss on all the flows
• WRED randomness breaks the rate
synchronization
WRED can improve radio link utilization by up to 25%
WRED tracks length of queue. When queue
starts to fill up, begins dropping packets
randomly with increased probability
Without WRED
With WRED
HQoS WRED TCP Buffers
Proprietary and Confidential
Capacity Boosting Techniques
15
Traffic Boosting Network Utilization
HQoS
Pros
• Higher QoS granularity - per service,
policy-based capacity allocation
• Increased level of over-subscription and
congestion management - better link
usage, fewer spares
• When congestion occurs, only low priority
traffic are effected (e.g. low revenue SLAs)
Cons
• Requires traffic engineering
implementations
Considerations
• Capacity improvement depends on
effective network dimensioning
Hierarchical QoS
Enabler for efficient use of available capacity
WRED TCP Buffers
Summary
Proprietary and Confidential
Can You Get More Capacity from Your Backhaul?
17 Increased capacity in microwave links: 5 Steps
Network Utilization
Spectrum
Spectral Efficiency
Spatial Efficiency
Traffic Boosting
Payload Deduplication
4x4 LoS MIMO
2048QAM
Wide Channels
Asymmetrical
Header Deduplication
Radio Throughput without any optimization
Capacity Boosting Techniques
WRED
HQoS
TCP Buffers
Proprietary and Confidential
Show Me The Numbers Capacity innovations over a single 28MHz channel in licensed bands
18
• Ceragon specializes in capacity
innovations that can be used together
• Over a single 28MHz channel we offer:
• Radio Throughput – 1Gbps without
optimization in licensed bands
• Capacity boosting – extra 700Mbps
260Mbps (2048 QAM)
195Mbps (256 QAM)
240Mbps (1024QAM)
28MHz
Radio
Throughput
without any
optimization
Header
Deduplication
30%
Payload
Deduplication
30-40%
1.3Gbps (2048 QAM)
1.7Gbps (2048 QAM)
520Mbps (2048 QAM)
1Gbps (2048 QAM)
XPIC
4x4 LoS
MIMO
+65Mbps
+260Mbps
+520Mbps
+300Mbps
+400Mbps
Ceragon offers 1Gbps radio throughput over a
single 28MHz channel in licensed bands
Proprietary and Confidential
Key takeaways
19
• Capacity innovations are split between
• Radio throughput (“committed” capacity) - without any optimization
• Capacity-boosting techniques - e.g., “accelerators”
• Each capacity innovation technique has pros and cons
• Beware of microwave vendors who “warn” and advise you not to adopt
a specific capacity innovation – it usually means they don’t support it…
• There is no “silver bullet” in capacity innovation - the proper capacity
schemes should be optimized for each network according to its specific
requirements and constraints
• Contact Ceragon’s representative for more information about the best ways
to adopt capacity innovation in your network
Ceragon – The #1 Wireless Backhaul Specialist
Thank You