BIODIESEL AND ITS UTILITY

BY MR. SHRIKANT S. KHATING

PAPER PRESENTATION FOR

INTRODUCTIONBIODIESEL PRODUCTIONSOURCE OF BIODIESEL, CONSIDERING INDIACONVERSION OF JATROPHA SEEDS TO BIODIESELECONOMICS OF BIODIESEL FROM JATROPHA BIODIESEL : FIRST TRIAL RUN ON TRAIN BIODIESEL BUS SERVICES INTRODUCED IN GSRTC INDIA’S TARGET OF BIODIESEL PRODUCTION CONCLUSION

1.INTRODUCTION

Fossil energy is exhausting and man need is increasing.

Biodiesel is alternative for diesel engine. Conventional diesel creates pollution but

biodiesel reduce pollutants that contribute to smog and global warming and help to reduce cancer causing agent.

Alternative fuel approved by environmental protection agency (EPA) in California.

Biodiesel is expensive than ordinary diesel.

How to use? The most common mixture is

20/80,reffered to as B20,containing 20% biodiesel by volume and 80 % petroleum.

Use of biodiesel in vehicle.

2.BIODIESEL PRODUCTION

Biodiesel refers to fatty acid methyl esters made by transesterfication.

Feed stock oil/fat + methanol Biodiesel [Vegetable oil

or animal fat] For biodiesel oil seed crops

(Soybean, sunflower, rapeseed ,etc.) are used, waste vegetable and animal fats are used.

TRANSESTERIFICATION :

This process is the displacement of alcohol from an ester by another alcohol is a process similar to hydrolysis.

triglyceride oil = 2 - 10 fatty acid

Reaction:R-COOR’ + R’’ + R-COOR”+R’-OH

For methanol = methanolysisCH2-O-COR1 R1-COOCH3 CH2OH

CH-O-COR2 + 3CH3OH R2-COOCH3 + CHOH

methanol

CH2-O-COR3 R3-COOCH3 CH2OH

Triglyceride fatty acid methyl ester glycerol

PRODUCT RECOVERY IS DONE INTO TWO PHASE:

Easy removal of Remaining alcohol/ester glycerol mixture is separated and

excess alcohol is recycled

Ester send for purification process [water washing ,

vaccum drying and filtration ]

WORKING WELL FOR THE PROCESS OF TRANSESTERIFICATION High quality oil is used. Reaction temperature. Oil temperature. Ratio to oil, mixing intensity , purity

of reactants, catalyst type and concentration.

3.SOURCES OF BIODIESEL CONSIDERING INDIA

Seeds oil for the production of biodiesel:Soybean,rapeseed,jatropha,sunflower,canola, pongamia,palm,cotton seed.

OILS

Edible oils non-edible oils

Jatropha is considered as the most suitable for biodiesel.

Jatropha can be cultivated anywhere along canals,roads,railway tracks, on border of farm and even an alkaline soils.

Grown in high as well as low rainfall. In high rainfall yield is more. Occurs mainly at lower altitude(0-

500Cm) with average annual temperature above 200C,

and rainfall of 300-1000mm.

JATROPHA PROVIDES:

Prevention of soil erosion. Soil improvement. Poverty reduction. Renewable energy. Promotion to labours.

IMPORTANT PARTS OF JATROPHA :

Flowering branch Bark Leaf veinature Plstillate flower Stamltiate flower Cross section of immature fruits Fruits Longitudinal cut of fruits

4.CONVERSION OF JATROPHA SEEDS TO BIODIESEL

3 kg of methanol

100 kg of Jatropha seeds

70 kg of oil cake

30 kg of Jatropha oil

3 kg of glycerol

30 kg of biodiesel

Catalyst (KOH,NaOH

)

5.ECONOMICS OF BIODIESEL FROM JATROPHA

S No.

Item Or Expenditure Amount Rs.

1 100 kg seeds @ Rs 5/kg 500/-

2 Oil extraction and other charges @ Rs 1.50 /kg

150/-

3 Transesterification cost @ Rs 8 / kg oil 240/-

4 Total 890/-

S No.

Sale Amount Rs.

1 70 kg oilcake @ Rs 2/kg 140/-

2 Glycerol 60/-

3 Total 200/-

Net expenditure incurred to get 30 kg/33 l oil = 690/-

Cost of biodiesel/l = 20.90/- Oil cake and glycerol which have a

good commercial value.

6.BIODIESEL : FIRST TRIAL RUN ON TRAIN

First successful trial run of a superfast passenger train was conducted on Dec 31, 2009

Delhi - Amritsar Shatabdi Express used 5% of biodiesel fuel.

Railway annual fuel bill = Rs 3400 crores (for Diesel)

10% mixture with Diesel = reduced (Rs.300-400 crores / annum)

5% substitution is accepted.

7.BIODIESEL BUS SERVICES INTRODUCED IN GSRTC

The Union minister of petroleum and natural gas

Shri Mani Shankar Aiyer flagged off biodieselbus services in Gandhinagar on mar 12,2005. GSRTC introduced four biodiesel buses

between Gandhinagar and Ahmadabad. TATA motors in Pune launched trial run on

43 buses of 10 % biodiesel blends, and parallel trial on TATA Indica cars and TATA LCVs .

8.INDIA’S TARGET OF BIODIESEL PRODUCTION:

63 million hect = Waste land 33 million hect = Tree Plantation India’s target : 20 % substitution of HSD

till 2012. 5% substitution on HSD is achieved in

2006-07. HSD demand by the end of 11th planned

(2011-12) = 66.9 million ton. 13.38 million tons HSD require = 11.2

million hect land.

9.CONCLUSION:

Biodiesel is eco-friendly. Biodiesel is clean burning alternative

fuel. Biodiesel contain no petroleum, but can

be blended with conventional diesel fuel.

These fuel can be used in any diesel engine without any modification.

Biodiesel is degradable , non toxic and free from sulphur and lead.

Biodiesel provide superior lubricating properties and help to extend engine life.

India’s target is to achieve 20 % substitution of HSD till 2012.

Government have to pay attention toward the cultivation of Jatropha seeds.