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A Linked Fusion of Things, Services, and Data to Support a Collaborative Data Management Facility EG STEPHAN, TO ELSETHAGEN, AS WYNNE, C SIVARAMAN, MC MACDUFF, LK BERG, WJ SHAW Pacific Northwest National Laboratory Richland, WA

Presentation Overview

!   Purpose

!   Brief History of Linked Approaches

!   Wind Characterization Scientific Study Use Case

!   The Benefits of “Thinking Linked”

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Purpose

!   Illustrate a pragmatic approach to use of semantic technologies and approaches to seamlessly link together a scientific research study using concepts from: !   REST !   Linked Open Data !   Linked Services !   Internet of Things

!   Gain additional insights to advances and leading edge approaches in the Internet of Things community

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A Few Quick Definitions

!   Things – any device (electronic or non-electronic) pertinent to the study.

!   Services – automated machine processes and tracked human activities that may impact things or data.

!   Data – physical streams, file containers, and directory trees representing data resulting from the study.

!   Knowledge – any metadata, thesauri terms or RDF vocabulary used to describe syntactic data structures or semantically represent things, services or data.

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State of Linked Technology A Decade Ago: An Application Developers Perspective !   The world of linked communities emerge from different

focus areas. !   IoT community focused on innovating approaches to connect

things to the internet. !   Web community inter-connected information and media. !   Semantic web community focused solely on portraying

knowledge as a web of interrelated terms and concepts. !   Service-oriented approaches solved business problems

!   Developers tended to favor a particular approach !   In legacy operational scenarios how do you overcome

information silos? !   Production mindset versus prototype functional dependability !   How do you protect your long term investments at the same

time?

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Representational State Transfer (ReST)

!   It’s a design principle !   Anything of perceived importance is a “resource”:

!   E.g. data, knowledge, services !   Any resource is addressable by Uniform Resource Identifier (URI) !   Any resource can linked to other resources. !   Using this development model: the approach of linking resources

emerged !   API relies on simple protocol stack based on HTTP.

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Richardson,  Leonard,  and  Sam  Ruby.  RESTful  web  services.  O'Reilly,  2008.  J.  Clerk  Maxwell,  A  TreaFse  on  Electricity  and  MagneFsm,  3rd  ed.,  vol.  2.  Oxford:  Clarendon,  1892,  pp.68–73.  

Linked Open Data

!   Is also a design principle with many overlapping characteristics that REST supports.

!   Its main focus to make data: !   Addressable !   Accessible !   Easily integrated with other data !   Easy integrated with knowledge

!   W3C introduced 5 star rating system for users to describe the level of detail data exhibited.

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Heath,  Tom,  and  ChrisFan  Bizer.  "Linked  data:  Evolving  the  web  into  a  global  data  space."  Synthesis  lectures  on  the  semanFc  web:  theory  and  technology  1.1  (2011):  1-­‐136.  

Emerging Community Vocabularies

!   The good news of the semantic web is knowledge can be literally described in any way !   – without some constraints from a scientific study perspective this can

also be the bad news.

!   Fortunately there are well established and emerging RDF vocabulary communities willing to share

!   By using community vocabularies we allow: !   The study semantics to emerge and change over time !   Manually align these semantics to community vocabularies so that

evolving scientific knowledge can be navigated and cross referenced. !   From a domain perspective this can provide a place for scientists to

contribute and share own domain community thesauri and vocabularies

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Example Vocabularies

Purpose   Type   Source  

Data  CitaFons   Vocabulary   Dublin  Core  

People  InteracFons   Vocabulary   Friend  of  a  Friend  (FOAF)  

OrganizaFon   Vocabulary   W3C  ORG  

Services,  Things   Vocabulary   Minimum  Service  Model    

Services,  Things   Vocabulary   Universal  Services  DescripFon  Language  

Vocabulary  Management   Vocabulary   VOAF  

Vocabulary  Stability   Vocabulary   VS  

Climate  and  ForecasFng   Domain   CF  

Provenance   Vocabulary   PROV  

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Linked Services

!   Developed as the next wave of service technology based on three ideas: !   Base it on on similar linked open data principles !   Make service annotations available in the web of data !   Create services to support the web of data

!   Linked Services made services: !   Addressable !   Accessible !   Self-describing with knowledge using a common RDF vocabulary that:

!   generalized the concept of service !   acknowledged varying technical implementations.

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B  Pedrinaci,  Carlos,  and  John  Domingue.  "Toward  the  Next  Wave  of  Services:  Linked  Services  for  the  Web  of  Data."  J.  ucs  16.13  (2010):  1694-­‐1719.  

Internet of Things

!   Interest in semantically linking electronic and non-electronic devices to the Web of Data.

!   Recently, the Linked Services community made the connection to the IoT community referencing things like services using the same RDF vocabulary.

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Mandler,  Benny,  Fabio  Antonelli,  Robert  Kleinfeld,  Carlos  Pedrinaci,  David  Carrera,  Alessio  Guglioca,  Daniel  Schreckling  et  al.  "COMPOSE-­‐-­‐A  Journey  from  the  Internet  of  Things  to  the  Internet  of  Services."  In  Advanced  InformaFon  Networking  and  ApplicaFons  Workshops  (WAINA),  2013  27th  InternaFonal  Conference  on,  pp.  1217-­‐  1222.  IEEE,  2013.  

Reference Facility for Offshore Renewable Energy Use Case

!   Make the planned instrument measurements taken at a reference facility accessible to a range of users, which includes atmospheric researchers and energy planners who perform wind energy studies.

October 21, 2013 12 NREL Artist’s Conception

Use Case Goals

!   Rely on off the shelf proven and reliable operational technology

!   Support management and production of high integrity research study: !   Instrument mentors !   Operations !   Maintenance !   DMF administrators

!   Provide consumer researchers with accessible, searchable, and discoverable credible results

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Managing Results from the Scientific Study

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Leveraging Operational Off the Shelf Tools

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Capability   Government   Open  Source   Commercial   Interfaces  

CollecFon  and  Transfer  

            File  APIs  (FTP)  

Ingest         REST  

Processing         REST  

Data  Management  

            File  APIs,  REST  

AcFvity  Tracking*  

      REST,  SQL,  Web  

Access                     REST  

Knowledge  Management  

      SemanFc  Web  

*AcFvity  tracking  includes  automated  processes  and  human  acFviFes  supporFng:    change  management,  relevant  events,  quality  assurance,  problem  reporFng  

Atmosphere Radiation Measurement

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ARM  is  a  global  observaFon  network—and  associated  data  infrastructure—    providing  diverse  measurements  to  the  climate  research  community.    

  Deploy  measurement  instrumentaFon    Provide  infrastructure  to  collect,  process,  

preserve,  and  discover data    Operate  with  excellence  

Provide  high-­‐quality  data  to  support  global  climate  research  

Challenges

!   Operational quality of existing components needed to be preserved while at the same time meeting the needs of the RFORE DMF.

!   In some cases current state of the art had to be scaled down with new components to form a new solution. !   E.g. Activity Tracking

!   Solution needed to make sure knowledge about instruments, services, and measurement data were accessible to both operations and scientists relying on the study.

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Thinking Linked: Linked Knowledge Environment (LiKE)

!   Common Address Layer !   Based on linked design principles !   Every resource will have a unique and meaningful name (URI) !   Address mappers will be required to resolve local identifiers to URI.

!   Cataloging !   Although every resource will be uniquely identifiable in a meaningful way,

additional referential technical information is required to help describe each in greater detail.

!   Catalogs are regarded as the linchpin of the linked fusion concept since they possess the logic for users and machines to search, discover, and reason semantic and syntactic information relating to things, services, and data.

!   Knowledge Synchronized to Support: !   Facility, instruments, and measurements !   Activities and services !   Data !   Vocabulary management

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Where Things, Services, Data, Knowledge Live

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Data,  Services,  Things   Services  

Data  

Knowledge  

Services  

Things  

Search and Discovery Services

!   Relies on a seamlessly linked knowledge model for registered services, things, and data

!   Supporting cross component searches

!   Support for operational staff conducting the study and researchers relying on data

!   Reliance on community vocabularies

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What  Comes  First,  the  OWL  or  the  Bean?  .  Eric  G  Stephan,  Todd  O  Elsethagen,  KersFn  Kleese  van  Dam,  Laura  Riihimaki.  figshare.  hcp://dx.doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.790738  

Future Things of Interest

!   IoT Vocabularies

!   Quality assurance and provenance of things

!   Soft error detection in IoT

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Questions?

!   Email: eric.stephan@pnnl.gov

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