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Real Time Monitoring in Environmental Risk and Water Resource Management

Arve Berg

WarszawaMay 2012

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Fugro OCEANOR AS

Fugro OCEANOR is a high-tech company specialising in water resources management including integrated real-time environmental monitoring and information systems for oceans, rivers, lakes, groundwater and soil.

The company’s multi-disciplinary expertise within meteorology, oceanography, hydrology, water chemistry, electronics and software development makes the products and services outstanding on a world-wide basis.

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Fugro OCEANOR AS

Fugro OCEANOR AS(Trondheim, Sandnes, Madrid)

Fugro GEOS Ltd(Wallingford, Houston, KL, Singapore, Perth)

243 employees

ISO 9001:2000OHSAS 18001:1997

Part of Fugro’s Oceanographic Business Line

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Water Resources ManagementWater Management System

Legal &administrative

Information system

Monitoring system

Operational control organs

Long term measures

Environmental laws

Catchment area(Phase 2)

Laboratory analyses

Water reservoirs

Sewer collection

Standards Water users and pollution sources

(Phase 1 ext 2)

Sampling programs

(Phase 1, 2, 3)

Flood and release gates

(Phase 2)

Water treatment

plants

Price/fees/fines mechanism

Database and GIS

(Phase 1 ext 2)

Water level and flow monitoring

(Phase 1, 2, 3)

Pumping stations(Phase 2)

"Cleaner production"

"Water police task force"

Numerical models(Phase 2 )

Water quality monitoring(Phase 1, 2, 3)

Aeration systems(Phase 3)

Reallocation of industries,

activities and peopleReal time

systems(Phase 1, 2, 3)

Human Resources / Institutional Capacity

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Representative information

Many parameters vary considerably every day and week:

Random sampling and subsequent laboratory analysis may give non-representative data and may lead to erroneous decisions

Automatic (frequent) monitoring is necessary to get representative data and information

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RIVERWATCH Bangkok

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Turbidity St 8

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pH and dissolved oxygen St. 9

6.6

6.7

6.8

6.9

7

7.1

7.2

7.3

7.4

7.5

10-Jun 15-Jun 20-Jun 25-Jun

pH

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

Oxy

gen

(mg/

l)

pH Oxygen_(mg/l)

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Operational Water Management and Early Warning

Operational Water Management and Early Warning requires updated information

Traditional water sampling with subsequent laboratory analyses takes too long time to meet operational demands

Need for automatic real-time monitoring

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From Data to Information

Collected data shall be used by decisions makers and to inform the public. These might not be familiar with parameter units (m/s, mg/l, etc).

Data must be transformed to understandable information

Measured data are electric signals (V, A, etc) which are transferred to physical values (m/s, mg/l, etc) in the sensors or the system

To increase the information value, parameters should be compared to some common reference for the parameter to immediately explain if the value is high, low or medium

Examples: Wind – Beaufort scale Dissolved Oxygen – Water Quality Criteria

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Beaufort wind scale

Beaufort number Description Wind speed < 1 km/h (< 0.3 m/s) 0 Calm < 1 kn 1.1–5.5 km/h (0.3–2 m/s) 1 Light air 1–2 kn 5.6–11 km/h (2–3 m/s) 2 Light breeze 3–6 kn 12–19 km/h (3–5 m/s) 3 Gentle breeze 7–10 kn 20–28 km/h (6–8 m/s) 4 Moderate breeze 11–15 kn 29–38 km/h (8.1-10.6 m/s) 5 Fresh breeze 16–20 kn 39–49 km/h (10.8-13.6 m/s) 6 Strong breeze 21–26 kn 50–61 km/h (13.9-16.9 m/s) 7 High wind,

moderate gale, near gale 27–33 kn 62–74 km/h (17.2-20.6 m/s) 8 Gale,

fresh gale 34–40 kn 75–88 km/h (20.8-24.4 m/s) 9 Strong gale 41–47 kn 89–102 km/h (24.7-28.3 m/s) 10 Storm,

whole gale 48–55 kn 103–117 km/h (28.6-32.5 m/s) 11 Violent storm 56–63 kn > 118 km/h (> 32.8 m/s) 12 Hurricane force > 64 kn

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Wind Information

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Water Quality Classification

Environmental quality criteria are classification system intended to facilitate the interpretation of environmental data

EU water quality directives: Water framework directive Drinking water directive Ground water directive Nitrates directive Bathing water directive Marine strategy framework directive

Example: Dissolved Oxygen

Oxygen (mg/l) - classes

Natural condition Excellent Good Moderate Bad Very bad / unacceptable

14 >12 12-9 9-5 5-2 < 2

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Dissolved oxygen data

Chao Phraya, Bangkok, November

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30

Day

Dis

solv

ed o

xyge

n (m

g/l)

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Dissolved oxygen information

Chao Phraya, Bangkok, November

Fair quality

Poor quality

Very poor,heavyly polluted,

dangerous for fish

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30

Day

Dis

solv

ed o

xyge

n (m

g/l)

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Monitoring and Early Warning System –Soła River and Dziećkowice Reservoir

Przedsiębiorstwo Usług Wodociągowych HKW Sp. z o.o. (Katowice water works), Silesia, Poland

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Monitoring and Early Warning System –Soła River and Dziećkowice Reservoir

Challenges:

• Pollution from the Soła River(agriculture, air field, population)

• Algal growth in Dziećkowice Reservoirdue to high nutrient content

• Recreation activity in Dziećkowice Res.(motorboats, sailing, fishing)

• Document quality when selling water to neighbour water works

Boja

Stacja naziemna

Stacja naziemna

Stacja naziemna

P.U.W. HKW Sp. z o.o.36 166 000 m 3

(2004 rok)

P.U.W. HKW Sp. z o.o.19 677 525 m 3

(2004 rok)

P.U.W. HKW Sp. z o.o.

21 387 000 m 3

(2004 rok)

V= 42 mln m 3

Mittal Steel Poland S.A. Oddz. w Dąbrowie Górn.Koksownia Przyjaźń Sp. z o.o.Saint Gobain Glass Polska Sp. z o.o.P.U.W. HKW Sp. z o.o.

600 000 m 3

(2004 rok)

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Basic Water Quality Monitoring

Include simple sensors for the main water quality parameter groups:

Parameter Group

Water temperature Physical condition

Conductivity Dissolved matter (salt, ions)

pH Acidic matter (acid, base)

Dissolved oxygen Dissolved gases(effect of organic matter)

Turbidity Particles (inorganic, and organic)

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Eutrophication/Algal Monitoring

Parameters in this "package" include:

Chlorophyll (phytoplankton biomass) Dissolved oxygen (DO) pH Water temperature Photo-synthetically Active Radiation (PAR) Nutrients (nitrate, ammonia, phosphorous)

Nutrient rich waters act as breeding grounds for algae Eutrophication and algal blooms in lakes and reservoirs may

cause severe taste and odor problems

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Monitoring and Early Warning System –Soła River and Dziećkowice Reservoir

Boja

Stacja naziemna

Stacja naziemna

Stacja naziemna

P.U.W. HKW Sp. z o.o.36 166 000 m 3

(2004 rok)

P.U.W. HKW Sp. z o.o.19 677 525 m 3

(2004 rok)

P.U.W. HKW Sp. z o.o.

21 387 000 m 3

(2004 rok)

V= 42 mln m 3

Mittal Steel Poland S.A. Oddz. w Dąbrowie Górn.Koksownia Przyjaźń Sp. z o.o.Saint Gobain Glass Polska Sp. z o.o.P.U.W. HKW Sp. z o.o.

600 000 m 3

(2004 rok)

Parameter Soła River

Dziećkowice Buoy

Temperature √ √ √

Conductivity √ √ √

Oxygen √ √ √

pH √ √ √

Turbidity √ √ √

Chlorophyll A √ √

P A R √

Ammonia √

Nitrate √ √ √

Phosphate √ √

Oil-spill 1 √ √

Coli bacteria √ √

Heavy metal 2 √ √

The system is monitoring:

1) A detector based on a polymer membrane is used. When the membrane comes in contact with a thin oil layer on the water surface, the membrane dissolves and tear like a fuse within seconds to minutes2) Zn, Cd, Cu, Pb, Ni, Fe(II)

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Operational Measures

Short time measures may include:

Temporarily shut down intake(s) Switching between intakes Preparedness treatment (alert personnel, increase dosing) Warn consumers

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Riverwatch Station Installation

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Riverwatch – Selfcleaning Sensor System

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Deployment of SW MINI II

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Monitoring and Early Warning System –Soła River and Dziećkowice Reservoir – some result examples

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Results - Ammonia

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Thank You