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Giant Nerve Cells of Squid
Ion distribution across cell membrane
A. Effect of concentration difference
B. Electrical potential difference affecting negative ions
C. Pressure difference
Transport of solutes across the Neuronal membrane
Ion movement across cell
Resting membrane Potential
Action Potential
Propagation of AP
Saltatory conduction
The Refractory Period
Synapse
Electrical synapse
Chemical Synapse
Chemical Synapse at Neuromuscular Junction
Neurotransmitter release
Post synaptic receptor
Excitatory and Inhibitory Post Synaptic Potential
Excitatory and Inhibitory signals
Excitatory and inhibitory currents have competitive effects in a single nerve cell. (Adapted from Eckert et al., 1988.)
Inhibition
Neurotransmitters
1. The substance must be present within the presynaptic neuron
2. The substance must be released in response to presynaptic depolarization, and the release must be Ca2+-dependent.
3. Specific receptors for the substance must be present on the postsynaptic cell
Major classes of NT
Acetyl Choline
Cholinergic Receptors in Normal Brain
Serotonin System
Dopamine System
Norepinephric System
Glutamate System
GABA System
•Widespread in the brain and spinal cord•Inhibitory by increasing permeability to Cl
Second Messenger