Athens 14-15 09 2011

Pr. Redouane Choukr-Allah

• Expert Consultation Wastewater Management in the Arab World 22-24 May 2011- Dubai-UAE

• Second Arab Forum Cairo Egypt November 2011 Session on

Non-Conventional water resources

• Expert Consultation Wastewater Management in the Arab World 22-24 May 2011- Dubai-UAE

• Second Arab Forum Cairo Egypt November 2011 Session on

Non-Conventional water resources

• 256,30

9,95 5,74 1,89

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Total water

withdrawal

total

wastewater

produced

Volume of

treated

wastewater

Treated

Wastewater

Reused

109 m3 /year(109 m3/year)

• The annual volume of wastewater discharged in untreated form in Arab region is 7.5 km3, which is 43% of the total wastewater produced in the region.

• 57% of the wastewater generated in Arab region is treated, which is higher than Asia (35%), Latin American/Caribbean (14%) and Africa (1%)

• 83% of treated wastewater used in agriculture,

• most of the partly treated, diluted or untreated wastewater is used by urban and peri-urban farmers to grow a range of crops.

•Financial

Policy & political

commitment

Health & environment -Enforcement of standards -Monitoring

Technical

Awareness &

acceptance

Institutional set-up & personnel capacity

High construction costs of treatment systems (esp. for small and medium size communities)High O&M costs, e.g. for electricity, equipment maintenance, investments in trained personnel –often not recovered by user feesCosts (and lack of funds) to build sewage collection systems High price of reclaimed WW vs. lower freshwater pricesPrice that farmers are willing to pay for reclaimed WW hardly covers O&M costs for WW conveyance and distribution <--> Crop restrictions

� Reduce treatment operation costs, e.g. check research on alternative operating conditions to save electricity; broader use of solar energy

� Focus on making reuse more profitable to farmers (to ultimately recover more costs for reuse of treated WW via user fees):

Research ways to extend list of crops irrigated with WW, e.g. upgrade treatment or apply drip irrigation to

avoid contact of crop with WW

•

Project cost : 15 Million EurosCapacity: 100 000 m3/day Production (electricity) 16 MWh/day33 Million m3/year are reused to irrigate 17 golfe courses60 km of Pipes and 4 Pumping Stations

Reclamation and reuse of Marrakech

wastewater

Methane gas generated in the anaerobic basins is recovered and converted to energy

Treated wastewater is sold to farmers for irrigation purposes

Reeds from reeds beds are harvested and sold

Sewage sludge is dried and composted with other organic solid wastes in order to produce compost

Charging a wastewater fee for connection to sewage

Economical Aspect• Concentrate on demand-driven planning of reuse projects• Cost benefit and cost recovery should be integrated for sustainability of any reuse project• Diversify the reuse• Encourage PPP in wastewater treatment and reuse

•

•

THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTIONTTENTION