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2012 National Hockey Coaches Symposium
Presented by:
ADM and LTADPlayer Development
2012 National HockeyCoaches Symposium
Scott Paluch – ADM Regional Manager
2012 National Hockey Coaches Symposium
USA Hockey and the National Hockey League have a mutual interest in the development of American hockey players. We are making an investment in
the future.
2012 National Hockey Coaches Symposium
Player Development
Four Inter Related AreasPhysicalTechnicalMentalSocialKids develop at different rates in each
area
2012 National Hockey Coaches Symposium
Practice History Profiles of Elite Players
Deliberate play and multi-sport
development earlyNorth American
Players European players similar - but with wider
deviation in organized games
and practice
2012 National Hockey Coaches Symposium
IIHF Survey of Players (2011) – Olympic Participants 2010
2012 National Hockey Coaches Symposium
- 300 Players in club – Open to all, (No Cutting Kids)- Ice is only in 6 months a year- Multi-sport, late specialization approach- Parent or volunteer coached until age 147 & Under players skate 2 times a week10 & Under players skate 3 times a week12 & Under players skate 4 times a week
2008-09: U17, U18 & U20 National Team Players
Skelleftea, SwedenPopulation: 40,000
2012 National Hockey Coaches Symposium
Ice Utilization
Illustration by Junnu Kataja
2012 National Hockey Coaches Symposium
Cognitive Development
Schematic description of cognitive development:
Chart by Applied Cognitive Engineering
Preception
General Resourses
6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17
Inhibition and control increaseGeneral cognitive resources' availability increase
Attention
Memory
Reasoning
understanding causality, discriminate appearance and reality
hypothetical - logical reasoning develop
hypothetical systematic decision making, utilizing previous knowledge and probabilistic thinking
executive functions improve
Age
perception abilities improve
attention deployment, control and orientation improvesvisual search abilities improve
short term memory capacity improves meta-memory strategies further developed and appliedimplicit spatial learning improvement
expansion of knowledge structures in memoryexplicit and implicit memory improve
Executive Functions
2012 National Hockey Coaches Symposium
Sensitivity to Training
All Systems Always
Trainable
2012 National Hockey Coaches Symposium
5 Trainable Physical Capacities
• Suppleness (Flexibility)• Speed• Skill• Stamina• Strength
All can be developed at all Developmental Ages. However, there are Windows of Opportunity for each Physical Capacity where Trainability is Optimized
2012 National Hockey Coaches Symposium
Suppleness (Flexibility)
Always trainable but significantly declines with ageOptimal trainability 6 – 10 (Dr. K. Russel)Special attention during PHV
2012 National Hockey Coaches Symposium
Speed Always trainable but declines with ageCritical window of accelerated adaptation to speed training:Males:
- Window 1: 7 - 9 years of age- Window 2: 13 – 16 years of age
Females:- Window 1: 6 – 8 years of age- Window 2: 11 – 13 years of age
2012 National Hockey Coaches Symposium
Speed Window 1 is agility, quickness window.
Change of direction, linear, lateral and multi directional speed
Segmental speedDuration of intervals less then 5 seconds
Window 2 is anaerobic lactic power and capacity window
Linear, lateral, multi directional and chaotic speedDuration of intervals 5 – 20 seconds
2012 National Hockey Coaches Symposium
Developmental Age
Females
Males
Rate of Growth
Rate of Growth
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 +
Skeletal MuscularNeural
Skeletal MuscularNeural
Chronological Age
Speed 1
Physical, Mental – Cognitive, Emotional Development
Speed 1
2012 National Hockey Coaches Symposium
Developmental Age
Females
Males
Rate of Growth
Rate of Growth
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 +
Skeletal MuscularNeural
Skeletal MuscularNeural
Chronological Age
Speed 2
Speed 2
Physical, Mental – Cognitive, Emotional Development
2012 National Hockey Coaches Symposium
Skill
Always trainable but significantly declines with ageWindow of accelerated adaptation to motor coordinationAge 8 – 11 femalesAge 9 – 12 malesEarly and late specialization sportsThe importance of transitional skills
2012 National Hockey Coaches Symposium
Developmental Age
Females
Males
Rate of Growth
Rate of Growth
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 +
Skeletal MuscularNeural
Skeletal MuscularNeural
Chronological Age
Skills
Skills
Physical, Mental – Cognitive, Emotional Development
2012 National Hockey Coaches Symposium
Stamina (Endurance)
Always trainable Critical window of accelerated adaptation to aerobic training begins with the onset of PHVAge 10 – 11 for femalesAge 12 - 13 for males Monitoring maturation to identify onset
2012 National Hockey Coaches Symposium
Developmental Age
Females
Males
Rate of Growth
Rate of Growth
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 +
Skeletal MuscularNeural
Skeletal MuscularNeural
Chronological Age
Physical, Mental – Cognitive, Emotional Development
2012 National Hockey Coaches Symposium
Strength
Always trainableCritical window of accelerated adaptation to strength trainingWindow 1 for females immediately
after PHVWindow 2 for females with the onset of menarche12 – 18 month after PHV for males
2012 National Hockey Coaches Symposium
Developmental Age
Females
Males
Rate of Growth
Rate of Growth
5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 +
Skeletal MuscularNeural
Skeletal MuscularNeural
Chronological Age
Physical, Mental – Cognitive, Emotional Development
2012 National Hockey Coaches Symposium
Athletic Development
Coordination – The ability to perform complex movements quickly, learn new movements and quickly switch from one set of movements to another (last is important to agility)
“Defining coordination is difficult – recognizing it’s absence is easy”
2012 National Hockey Coaches Symposium
Coordination, and the abilities that make it up, are formed early
Boys have the greatest increases 8-9 and then again 11-12
All Systems are Always TrainableOnset of Adolescence begins decline Coordination development ends 16-18 based upon biological age
Sensitive Periods - Coordination Elements
2012 National Hockey Coaches Symposium
Core SkillsIt is has been shown across multiple sports that better core skills provide enhanced decision making capacityDecision and Execution: Skills need to be Integrated not Isolated
Perception / Decision Making
Skill Execution / Action
2012 National Hockey Coaches Symposium
Playing Surface to fit the Player
A pro-size ball measures 28 inches, while a youth-size ball measures 24 inches.
Field size for U-8 runs between (20yds TO 25yds) & (30yds TO 40yds) while the pro-size International field is between (70yds TO 80yds) & (110yds TO 120yds)
In pro baseball, the distance from the pitcher’s mound to home plate is 60’6”, while in Little League it’s only 46 feet.
Pro base lines are 90 feet while Little League the base line are 60 feet.
A pro basketball hoop measures 10 feet high. Younger kids play with a hoop that’s as much as 2 feet lower. They also play cross court.
2012 National Hockey Coaches Symposium
Core Skills
Begin with basic techniquesAdd complexityCombine basic skills (linked)Combine basic skills (multi-task)Combine skills with additional informationIntegrate skills with game decisions
Videos used with permission from Tomas PericCharles University
2012 National Hockey Coaches Symposium
2012 National Hockey Coaches Symposium
2012 National Hockey Coaches Symposium
2012 National Hockey Coaches Symposium
8 & Under - Mites
2012 National Hockey Coaches Symposium
8 & Under - Mites
‘FUNdamentals’ StageFundamental Movement Skills (FMS)
A, B, C’s – Agility, Balance & CoordinationFlexibility
Optimal window is ‘Speed 1’ agility, quickness, change of direction, <5 second intervals
Off-ice gymnasium 1x per week @ 30 min prior to practice (A, B, C’s + Speed)
Play multiple sports – 25% hockey/ 75% other sportsRunning, gymnastics, swimming, skiing, soccer
2012 National Hockey Coaches Symposium
8 & Under – Mites (cont.)
30 – 50+ players each practice session2-3 Ice sessions per week50 min ice sessions5 month’s = 20 weeks per season 50 to 60 ice touchesMin 16 cross-ice games & 34 practicesMax 20 cross-ice games & 40 practices9 to 13 players/team; no full time goalies
Every other shift if possible
2012 National Hockey Coaches Symposium
10 & Under - Squirts
‘Learning to Train’ StageOptimal window for training = ‘Skills’ (9-12 yrs)
motor coordinationLearning Fundamental Sports Skills
Throwing, striking, kickingPlay multiple sports Off-ice training
2x’s / wk @ 30 – 40 min before practiceFocus on athleticism & hockey skills
Small area games = decision making skills
2012 National Hockey Coaches Symposium
10 & Under – Squirts (cont.)
3 - 4 Ice sessions per week60 min ice sessions6 - 7 month season = 24 – 28 weeks95 to 100 ice sessions (70/30 ratio)75 to 80 practices 25 games10-12 skaters & 1 goalie per teamIncreases puck touches / participation/ development
2012 National Hockey Coaches Symposium
12 & Under - Peewee
‘Learning To Train’ stage (continued)Optimal window is ‘Skills’ (9-12 yrs)
Always trainable but declines with age starting at growth spurt
Learning Fundamental Sports SkillsStill individual development focused/not outcomeAdd complexity to skills, combine with decision making skills
2012 National Hockey Coaches Symposium
‘Learning To Train’: 9 – 12 yrs
Track height measurements every 3 mo.Growth spurt lasts 18 – 24 mo. (typically)Promote healthy eating habitsAdequate sleep – 10 hrs/ nightKeep the top level as broad as possible
Allows better players greater successPushes lesser players to emulate
All levels should receive similar number of ice sessions
2012 National Hockey Coaches Symposium
12 & Under – Peewee (cont.)
4 Ice sessions per week60 min ice sessions7 month season105 to 120 ice touches (70/30 ratio)80 to 90 practices 2-3 teams per = 30 - 45 players
30 to 35 games Local geographic area
15 skaters & 2 goalies per team
2012 National Hockey Coaches Symposium
Presented by:
ADM and LTADPlayer Development
13 and Older
2012 National HockeyCoaches Symposium
2012 National Hockey Coaches Symposium
Presented by:
Sensitivity to
Training
All Systems Always
Trainable
2012 National Hockey Coaches Symposium
‘Training to Train’ Stage
Ages 11-15 female; Ages 12-16 male Building the ‘Engine’ & consolidating sports skillsOptimal window for ‘Stamina/endurance’ (12 – 13 yrs based upon biological age)
Window to aerobic training begins with onset of PHV.. but always trainable (be hockey specific…we are a sprint sport)
Optimal training window for ‘Speed 2’ (13 – 16 yrs)Anaerobic lactic power & capacity; linear, lateral, multi-directional, chaotic speed, 5 – 20 seconds
Optimal window for ‘Strength’ 12 – 18 months after PHV
2012 National Hockey Coaches Symposium
Train to Train Stage: 12 – 16 yrs
Start to specialize in hockey towards end of stageDevelop Strong technical skillsConsider growth spurt programming – possible decrease in coordination may be expected during growth spurtMonitor & train flexibility given rapid growth of bones, tendons, ligaments & muscles
2012 National Hockey Coaches Symposium
14 & Under / 16 & Under
160 total ice sessions4 – 5 per week9 Months training and competition calendar120 practices and 40 to 50 games16 skaters and two goalies per team
2012 National Hockey Coaches Symposium
Learning To Compete: 16 – 18 yrs
Optimizing the ‘engine’ & refining sport skillsSpeed window #2 in early stageStrength window 12 – 18 months after PHVRefine technical skillsGain confidence in competitive situationsGood decision making & game managementMonitor development of endurance, strength & speedMonitor fitness – endurance, core strength, flexibility
2012 National Hockey Coaches Symposium
National Team Development Program
National U17 Team (age 16)135 Practices / 115 Training sessions
Power skating / edge workCross training and team building
Sports Psych and cognitive trainingUSHL 36 Games, 3 International Events = 50 to 55 total games (6 to 8 games/month)
National U18 Team (age 17)120 Practices / 95 Training sessionsUSHL 24 games, 15 NCAA games, 3 International Events = 55 to 60 total gamesMajor variations due to travel schedule and recovery programming