LTAD 101LTAD 101Training to Train StageTraining to Train Stage

Istvan BalyiNational Sport Centre Vancouver –

VictoriaSport Canada and sports coach UK

LTAD Advisor

“The definition of insanity is doing the same thing over and over again and expecting different results.”

Albert Einstein

« La définition de la folie, c’est refaire toujours la même chose en s’attendant à un résultat différent. »

Albert Einstein

SevenSevenStagesStagesof of

Long-TermLong-TermAthlete Athlete

DevelopmentDevelopment

Active StartActive Start

FUNdamentalFUNdamental

Active for Life Active for Life

Training to WinTraining to Win

Training to TrainTraining to Train

Training to CompeteTraining to Compete

Learning to TrainLearning to Train

Training to TrainTraining to TrainDevelopmental Age – onset of PHVDevelopmental Age – onset of PHV Males: 12-16 Females: 11-15 Males: 12-16 Females: 11-15

Building engine Building engine

and and

sport specific sport specific skillsskills

Training to TrainTraining to Train

Sport requirements: V.B. MidgetSport requirements: V.B. Midget (Cardinal, 2007)(Cardinal, 2007)

5%15%

40%10%

30%

motor conditioning

physical cond.

techniques

psychological qual.

tactics/ str.

Training to Train: performance factors relative

importance

Physical, Mental / Cognitive Physical, Mental / Cognitive and and

Emotional DevelopmentEmotional Development

Athlete Development and Athlete Development and Support ProgrammesSupport Programmes

ATP – Advanced Training & Performance

AtheletDevelopment

FUNdamental

T 2T

T 2 C

T2W

Support system - Knowledge base Budget

• Chronological age• Relative age• Biological age• Skeletal age• Developmental age• Training age• Sport-specific training age

Figure 1.

Figure 2.

• If one year can have such an impact, what about 2, or 3 or 4 or 5 years of difference???

• Athletes can be 4 – 5 years apart in developmental age!

How old is a 14 year old ?

Irish boxers – 14 years old 60kg., 40 kg., and 50 kg.

Peak Height Velocity & Peak Bone Mass Growth Peak Height Velocity & Peak Bone Mass Growth & PSV& PSV

2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20

Age (years)Adapted from Tanner, 1978 & Kahn, 1999

Re

lati

ve

inc

rea

se

pe

r ye

ar

FemalesMales

PSV PSV

Factor # 5Factor # 5TrainabilityTrainability

Age 0

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 91011121314151617181920

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

Genital Development

General Development

Neural Development

A FUNdamental

B Training to Train

C Training to Compete

D Training to Win

A B C D

““Windows of Optimal Windows of Optimal

Trainability”Trainability”

• Adaptation and trainability• Accelerated adaptation to training

• “Critical” or “Sensitive” Periods• The 5 S’s of training is a good framework to overview the windows

Variation in trainability.(Adapted from work by Bouchard et al., 1997)

Magnitude of training response

Time course of training response

‘Fast’ & ‘large’ response

‘Fast’ & ‘small’ response

‘Slow’ & ‘large’ response

‘Slow’ & ‘small’ response

LiteraturLiteratur

ee

• Armstrong, N. and Welsman, J. Young People and Physical Activity. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1997.

• Bar-Or, O. ed. The Child and Adolescent Athlete. London, Blackwell Scientific Publications, 1996.

• FIG – Age Group Development Program (CD)

(Far the best overview of the trainability literature)

• Viru at al. Age periods of accelerated improvement of muscle strength, power, speed and endurance in age interval 6 – 18 years. Biology of Sport, Warsaw, V.15(4), pp. 211 – 27, 1998.

• 31 studies and 11 reviews• Cross sectional studies, number of subjects 83 to 21175

• Longitudinal studies 65 to 90• Age range 6 to 18 years• Clearly defined endurance, strength and speed windows

•Viru et.al. Age periods of accelerated improvements of muscle strength, power, speed and endurance in the age intervals of 6 – 18 years.

Sensitive periods for development of motor abilities in young swimmers (Schramm at al., 1984)

Boys 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18Coordination/agility

Rapidness/motor reaction

Speed of locomotions

Extensive aerobic endurance

Intensive aerobic endurance

General strength endurance

Rapid strength [small resistance]

Maximal Strength

Special strength endurance

Girls 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18Coordination/agility

Rapidness/motor reaction

Speed of locomotions

Extensive aerobic endurance

Intensive aerobic endurance

General strength endurance

Rapid strength [small resistance]

Maximal Strength

Special strength endurance

8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18Coordination/Agility

Flexibility/Mobility

Aerobic Capacity

Aerobic Pow er

Anaerobic Abilities

Speed/Strength

Maximal Strength

General Strenghth Endurance

Special Strength Endurance

Pulling Force

Girls8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18

Coordination/Agility

Flexibility/Mobility

Aerobic Capacity

Aerobic Pow er

Anaerobic Abilities

Speed/Strength

Maximal Strength

General Strenghth Endurance

Special Strength Endurance

Pulling Force

Sensitive periods for development of motor abilities in young swimmers (Vorontsov, Solomatin, Sidorov, 1986, 1988)

TrainabilityTrainability

• Based on chronological age:– Skill– Speed– Suppleness

• Based on developmental age– Stamina– Strength

• Biological markers – onset of PHV – PHV – onset of menarche

“Reactive Periodization”

Developmental age - PHVDevelopmental age - PHV

• How to measure ?• What to measure ?• When to measure ?• What tools to use for the measurements ?

• Who should measure ?• How to administer measurement data ?

Measuring and interpreting PHV( How to PHV ? )

Adolescent Growth SpurtAdolescent Growth Spurt PEAK HEIGHT VELOCITY (PHV)PEAK HEIGHT VELOCITY (PHV)

Croissance soudaine a la puberté Pic de croissance rapide soudaine

Cessation of growth

Slow deceleration

Steady growth

Rapid growth Rapid deceleration

Very Rapid Growth

Very rapid deceleration

Phases of Measurement Phases of Measurement

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24

0

5

10

15

20

25

Phase1

Phase 3

Phase 2

Phase 4

Phase 5

Phase 6

CM

Age

• Phase 3: From the onset of PHV to PHV– Rapid growth until peak is reached – Measure standing height, sitting heights and arm span every 3 month

– Measure height and weight on birthday – for the family or personal record

Recommended procedure Recommended procedure

• Phase 4: From PHV to Slow Deceleration– Rapid deceleration– Measure standing height, sitting heights and arm span every 3 month

– Measure height and weight on birthday – for the family or personal record

Recommended procedure Recommended procedure

Stamina / Endurance

Trainability in Weight-Bearing SportsTrainability in Weight-Bearing SportsStamina

Trainability in Non-Weight-Bearing SportsTrainability in Non-Weight-Bearing SportsStamina

Development Age of two 14 year old

• Vulnerability(Stein, 2002)

•Coachwise -

sportscoach UK

•“How to PHV ?”

Chapter 1Introduction & LTAD

If you don’t make mistakes

you don’t learn!

SummarySummary

• FUN• Sport-specific Volleyball skills• Still participate in other sports• Specialization toward the end of this stage

• Trainability– Aerobic capacity– Strength toward the end of the stage– Decision making training

• Breaking or making an athlete• The importance of flexibility training• Building the engine!

Questions ?Questions ?