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太子河河流健康评估 汇报人:渠晓东 中国环境科学研究院 CRAES

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Page 1: 4 river health assessment   liao river pilot-cand_e

太子河河流健康评估

汇报人:渠晓东

中国环境科学研究院 CRAES

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Lecture schedule

The theories and methods of the stream health

assessment

河流健康评估的理念与方法;

The stream health assessment – Taizi River and Liao

River Pilot study

河流健康评估方法-太子河实例研究

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河流健康评估的理念与方法

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The river health

用 ‚健康‛一词来反映河流的状况,是一个很形象的比喻,容易被公众接收和认识,并能得到广泛的关注(Boulton, 1999)。

对河流来讲,健康-即‚保持好的状态‛,其来源于人的健康,但与人的健康概念并不相同(Karr1999)。

What is river health?

‚维持水体的物理、化学和生物的完整性-具有自身的组织(self-organization),具有生产力(productive)和抗性(resilient) (Karr and Chu, 1999)。

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The methods for river health assessment

传统方法使用单一化学、物理或者生物评价河流的水质(如我国的水质监测系统),其或多或少的反映了河流健康的某一部分,并取得了一定的评价结果,但往往很难应用于大尺度的流域管理(Norris & Thoms, 1999)。

利用多参数(multimetrics)或者多变量(multivariates)的方法开展的一系列的河流健康评价(Karr 1999;Norris and Hawkins, 2000)。

基于生物完整性思想,提出评估河流的物理、化学和生物完整性,构建综合评价因子;强调河流生态系统的完整性,评价结果与社会、经济和流域管理建立联系,研究与管理密切联系(Bunn et al., 2010)。

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综合评价法思路示意图

指示因子是否对干扰

具有响应

yes

No No

yes

Yes No

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太子河河流健康评估

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河流的分区和分类

DEM, A-R

相似的河流类型和河流级别

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识别主要环境问题

The main disturbances in the Taizi River

生活污染

工业污染

挖沙活动

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开展河流监测-指示因子的筛选

Everyone has their own ‘pet’ indicators每个人都会采用自己喜欢的指示方法

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Water quality and

nutrient

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TN1

TN2TN3

TN4

TN5

TN6

TN7

TN8

TS1

TS2

TS3

TS4TS5

QH

XT1

XT2

XT3

TZ1

TZ2

TZ3TZ4

TZ5

TZ6

TZ7

TZ8

TZ9

TZ10

TZ11

TZ12

TZ13

TZ14TZ15

BS1

BS2

BS3

BS4

SD

TZ16

TZ17

TZ18

TZ19

TZ20

TZ21XH1

XH2

XH3

XH4XH5

XH6

XH7

LH1

LH2

TH1TH2

TH3

TH4

TH5

HC1

HC2

HC3

HC4

HC5

NS1

NS2NS3

YL1YL2

HWTZ22

TZ23

Xiaoshi

BenxiDengta

Liaoyang

Liaoyang*

Anshan

Haicheng

GYG-R

SW-R

TH-R

Cluster I

Cluster II

Cluster III

Cluster IV

Ctenogobius brunneus-褐栉鰕虎鱼

Squalidus chankaensis-兴凯銀鮈

Hypseleotris swinhonis-黄黝

Lampetra morii-东北七鳃鳗

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Table 1. The part of fish indicators for stream health assessment

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Table 2. The part of macroinvertebrates indicators for stream health assessment

Sensitive species

Tolerant species

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Selection of indicators-重要的是,选择能敏感、稳定反映人为活动压力的因子

Important to select a few indicators that are meaningful.选择有意义的指标非常重要

•Ones that respond to things that threaten the values we identify 这些指标可以直接响应我们确定的河流既定价值

•Guide management actions 为实施管理提供指导方针

Design of the monitoring program and selection of indicators are very important.监测项目的设计及评估指标的选择非常重要

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指标的类型多样

Water quality indicators Dissolved oxygen, conductivity, pH, turbidity, nutrients,

anions and cations, heavy metals

Biological pattern indicators Fish Assemblage Composition Various indicators using richness, abundance,

presence/absence of species

Macroinvertebrate Assemblage Composition Various indicators (e.g. richness) and predictive models (e.g.

observed vs. expected)

Process and biological function indicators Primary production, benthic metabolism and nutrient

cycling, decomposition, fish body condition, food webs

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Disturbance gradient approach

to detecting impacts

应用干扰变化方法发现影响

• Define a disturbance gradient

定义干扰变化

• Objective comparisons - at same sites & times 目标比较-在相同试点和时间

指标应用前的测试是必须的

Literature survey – examples

from previous studies 文献综述

——文献研究中的案例

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Disturbance gradient 干扰变化

Low低 High高

Ecolo

gic

al health indic

ato

r

生态

健康

参数

指标

Reference values 参数值

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干扰强度

参数的响

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EPTr range [1] River health

class

EPTr river health sub-

indicator score

Mountain and Alpine Midland and Lowland

≥ 0.45 ≥ 0.34 1.0 1.0

0.42 – < 0.45 0.31 – < 0.34 0.6 – < 0.8 0.7

0.36 – < 0.42 0.26 – < 0.31 0.4 – < 0.6 0.5

0.26 – < 0.36 0.18 – < 0.26 0.2 – < 0.4 0.3

0.00 – < 0.26 0.0 – < 0.18 0.0 0.0

Table1. Conversion of EPT richness ratio (family) (EPTr) to benthic

macroinvertebrate river health sub-indicator score, according to

catchment zone.

[1] Based on data in Lenat, D. 1988. Water quality assessment of streams using a qualitative

collection method for benthic macroinvertebrates. Journal of the North American

Benthological Society 7(3): 222-233.

太子河河流健康评估中使用的EPT指数

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Table4. 辽河河流健康评估中使用的健康评价因子,参照值设定及其依据

2/15

2/15

3/15

4/15

4/15

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辽河流域太子河河流健康报告卡

藻 类

水化:溶氧,电导,悬浮物,pH,

藻类:物种数,IBI指数,BP多样性指数,香农多样性指数

大型底栖动物:物种数,EPT物种数,BMWP指数,BP丰富度指数,香农多样性指数,IBI指数

营养盐:氨氮,总氮,总磷,挥发酚,BOD5,CODCr, CODMn,粪大肠杆菌数

鱼类:个体数,IBI指数,BP 丰富度指数,物种数,香农多样性指数

评价参数体系的构建:评价参数体系的构建:

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Liao River Report Card

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Technical Regulation for Assessment

of River Health

1) We regulated the main aspects for assessing the river health;

2) It includes the hydrology (developed hydrological

assessing model), physical form (longitudinal and

transverse disturbances, bed disturbances, and sediment

transport), water quality (nutrients and quality), fish,

benthic macroinvertebrates, algae (community level and

biological indices) and riverine vegetation;

3) The data collection and analysis would follow the

regulated process;4) The reference condition for each indicator are could

be cited from the published papers or reports;

5) Combined scores to reflect the health condition of

rivers.

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What we have learnt

1) 通过项目的参与,提高了对河流健康评价的理解和认识,提升了河流健康评价的方法;提升了地方政府对河流健康的认识和认可,为河流的生态管理奠定基础;

2)在中澳专家的共同合作下,提出了《河流健康评价技术规范》(征求意见稿),为我国的河流生态系统评价与管理,提供了重要的技术手段; 在研究中,首次利用多种化学、物理和生物指数构建评价体系,通过与澳方专家的合作,构建了太子河评价指标体系,参照体系和评价方法;

3) 利用河流健康报告卡,为河流管理者和公众提供便捷的途径了解河流的健康状况,开展河流的保护。

管理提高

技术突破

方法突破

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Key lessons for doing this monitoring work in

the future

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Many thanks for the contributions from Catherine Leigh, Drs Fran

Sheldon, Wade Hadwen, Nick Bond, Prof. Stuart Bunn, Prof. Angela

Arthington, and Prof. Zhang Yuan

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谢谢!敬请指正