MISBAH-UL-QURANSUMMER CAMP 2013

SURAH AR-RAHMAN

�ق�م�ر� و�ال م�س� الش� �ان ب �ح�س� ”.The sun and the moon by extremely precise calculation“ب

Carbon dixoide + Water Carbohydrates + OxygenSunlight

Plants Humans

Animals

O2

O2

O2

O2

O2

O2

Sun – food and oxygen

CO2

CO2

CO2CO2

CO2

CO2

Sun – heat and energy

The total amount of energy humans have derived from burning fossil fuels since the start of civilization is less than all the energy provided by the sun in just 30 days.

More energy from the sun falls on the earth in one hour than everyone on earth uses in one year.

Special Report on Renewable Energy Sources and Climate Change Mitigation. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2011. Retrieved 8 August 2011. http://srren.ipcc-wg3.de/report.

The Sun emits 4 x 1026 Watts

400 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 ,000 W

Equivalent to >100 billion nuclear bombs/sec!

Temperatures on Earth are suited for life unlike anywhere else in our Solar System.

Earth’s average temperature is about 14 or 15 degrees Celsius

The distance from Earth to the sun is one of the most important factors in making Earth habitable. The next closest planet to the sun, Venus is the hottest planet in the solar system. Temperatures there reach more than 400oC, while the average temperature on Mars is minus 60oC.

The Sun Makes the Wind Blow

The amount of water in the atmosphere at any moment in time is only 12,900 cubic kilometers

If it were to completely rain out, atmospheric moisture would cover the Earth’s surface to a depth of only 2.5 centimeters.

However, far more water—in fact, some 495,000 cubic kilometers of it—are cycled through the atmosphere every year. It is as if the entire amount of water in the air were removed and replenished nearly 40 times a year.

SunThe giant bulb illuminating the day

ا م�ع�اش� �ه�ار� الن �ا �ن و�ج�ع�ل

And made the day for livelihood

[Surah Naba 78:11]

Doesn’t just go out in a flash

Doesn’t just go out in a flash

[Surah Luqman 31:29]

�ل� �ي الل ف�ي �ه�ار� الن �ج� �ول و�ي �ه�ار� الن ف�ي �ل� �ي الل �ج� �ول ي �ه� الل ن�� أ �ر� ت �م� ل

� أ�ن� و�أ م*ى م+س� ج�ل

� أ �ى, �ل إ �ج�ر�ي ي �ل0 ك �ق�م�ر� و�ال م�س� الش� خ�ر� و�س��ير4 ب خ� �ع�م�ل�ون� ت �م�ا ب �ه� Do you not see that Allah causes the night to enter the day and causes the day to enterالل

the night and has subjected the sun and the moon, each running [its course] for a specified term, and that Allah , with whatever you do, is Acquainted?

�ا �ن ك س� �ل� �ي الل و�ج�ع�ل� �اح� �ص�ب اإل� �ق� ف�ال�ق�د�ير� ت �ك� ذ�,ل �ا �ان ب ح�س� �ق�م�ر� و�ال م�س� �و�الش�

� �يم �ع�ل ال �ع�ز�يز� ال

[Surah Al-Anam 6:96]

[He is] the cleaver of daybreak and has made the night for rest and the sun and moon for calculation. That is the determination of the Exalted in Might, the Knowing.

[Surah Yunus 10:5]

ه� و�ق�د�ر� ا �ور� ن �ق�م�ر� و�ال �اء� ض�ي م�س� الش� ج�ع�ل� �ذ�ي ال ه�و�اب� �ح�س� و�ال �ين� ن Jالس ع�د�د� �م�وا �ع�ل �ت ل �از�ل� م�ن

It is He who made the sun a shining light and the moon a derived light and determined for it phases - that you may know the number of years and account [of time].

Moon Sun

At perigee(nearest)

At apogee(farthest)

At perihelion(nearest)

At aphelion(farthest)

Mean radius 1,737.10 kilometres(1,079.38 miles)

696,000 kilometres(432,000 miles)

Distance 363,104 km(225,622 mi)

405,696 km(252,088 mi)

147,098,070 km

(91,402,500 mi)

152,097,700 km

(94,509,100 mi)

Angulardiameter

33' 30"(0.5583°)

29' 26"(0.4905°)

32' 42"(0.5450°)

31' 36"(0.5267°)

Apparent sizeto scale

Rank indescending order

1st 4th 2nd 3rd

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lunar_libration_with_phase_Oct_2007_450px.gif

Notice that it is always the same side of the moon facing us…

Notice that it is always the same side of the moon facing us…

The moon completes one rotation around the earth in the same time it takes to rotate about it’s own axis “Tidal-Locking”

Earth’s orbital plane

Axial Tilt23.5o

Seasons

Moon – the stabilizerAxial Tilt

23.5o

Prevent the earth from wobbling on its axis

Without it, astronomers have predicted that Earth's tilt could vary as much as 85 degrees

http://www.space.com/12464-earth-moon-unique-solar-system-universe.html

Dramatic climatic shifts Extreme seasons

Effects on glaciers, rain, winds Ice-Ages!

Gravitational force

http://dd.dynamicdiagrams.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/orrery_2006.swf

Jupiter 1 ‘year’ ~ 4333 days 1 ‘day’ ~ 10 hours!!! Temperatures down to -153oC 64 Moons ‘Gaseous planet’

Uranus 1 ‘year’ ~ 30,684 days 1 ‘day’ ~ 17.2 hours!!! Temperatures down to -184oC 27 Moons ‘Gaseous planet’

Venus 1 ‘year’ ~ 262 days 1 ‘day’ ~ 243 days!!! Temperatures upto 460oC No moon

Mars 1 ‘year’ ~ 687 days 1 ‘day’ ~ 24 hours!!! Temperatures down to -123 - 30 oC 2 Moons – very small in size – provide no axial stability (variation in tilt 10-60 degress) Very thin atmosphere of: 95% CO2

Earth

�ا ب �ح�س� ب…with extreme precision…ن

Distance from Sun to Earth: 149,597,890 km

‘Goldilocks distance’

Neither too hot nor too cold temperatures, thus allowing liquid water to exist on its surface

the only known planet to possess an atmosphere containing free oxygen

What you saw but didn’t notice

�ان� �ذJب �ك ت �م�ا Jك ب ر� ء� آال� Jي� �أ ف�ب

Moon’s tidal-locking

Apparent sizes of the sun and moon as opposed to their actual sizes

Conclusion

What you knew but took for granted

�ان� �ذJب �ك ت �م�ا Jك ب ر� ء� آال� Jي� �أ ف�ب

Phases of the moon

Life on the planet you live in

How sun, moon, etc all contribute to make life on earth possible

Conclusion

What you didn’t know, and so, didn’t fully appreciate

�ان� �ذJب �ك ت �م�ا Jك ب ر� ء� آال� Jي� �أ ف�ب

Stabilization effect of the moon

The odds of life…

Conclusion

What Allah gave to you, and you weren’t thankful (enough)

�ان� �ذJب �ك ت �م�ا Jك ب ر� ء� آال� Jي� �أ ف�ب

Energy/Light

Day and Night

Air/Oxygen/Water

Life

The list goes on…

and on…and on…

Conclusion