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Structuralism and Post Structuralism

بسم هللا الرحمن الرحيم

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Presented to

Highly Respectable and Honorable

• Professor Dr. Ihsan Ur Rahman Ghori

• Muhammad Abdullah By

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Insides

Introduction

Postulates of structuralism

Explanation

Modern Structuralism

Post-structuralism

Influence of structuralism on Muslims scholars

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Structuralism

“An interdisciplinary approach that rejects all ontological (study of the being ) and epistemological (study of knowledge) sources of

meaning in favor of an anti-metaphysical approach that claims that all humanistic topic searches are the pre-exist human consciousness.”

So the elements of culture must be understood in terms of their relationship to a main system or "structure."

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Classical Parameters • All ideas and things are divine rather than

man made. These are timeless in nature. Ontology and

Pluto:

• Ideas are not divine, but produced by the structure of socio-economic forces.

Ontology and Marks:

• Subject conscious is the source of ideas. (Theory of ego)

Cant and epistemology:

• Conscious is produced by unconscious. So ego is produced by deep structure which is source of meanings and truth.

Freud and epistemology:

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Postulates of Structuralism

Unconscious rather than conscious

Martial rather than

metaphysica

Deterministic rather than humanistic

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Postulates of Structuralism

Elements are only

described by their place

value

Structures are Mechanical

All areas of human

though have their own

structures.

Individual elements have no

meanings (Binary

opposition)

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It emphases on scientific study of “man” rather then Philosophical.

Everything is bounded in a solid structure, thing is meaningless outside the structure.

Literature is omnidirectional toward its structure.

Explanation

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Synchronic Observation

He argued to observe 'synchronically' rather than 'diachronically'. He believes

that ideas are not divine; these are manmade so a sign

provides only an arbitrary linkage between signified and

signifier. Langue is the structure of language and parole is it basic element.

Saussure

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‘Diachronically’ 'S

yn

ch

ron

icall

y'

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Names Wives Sons

Abraham Two Two

Ismael One Twelve

Isaac One Two

Jacob Four twelve

‘Diachronically’ 'S

yn

ch

ron

icall

y'

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Modern Structuralism

Psychology was a branch of philosophy until the 1870s. Structuralism was the first school of new psychology. It focused to find the most basic elements using a method known as introspection. Essentially, it was the study of how we think and feel the way we do Titchener

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To understand the structure of mind, writings and society

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Sensation of taste

Sweet, Sour,

Salty, Bitter.

For Example

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Components of the Mind

What each element of the

mind is

How those elements interact with each other,

Why they interact in the ways that

they do

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Elements of the Mind

Sensations (elements of sensitivities),

Images (elements of ideas), and

Affections (elements of emotions).

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Interaction of Elements

His ideas were largely based on

ideas of associationism.

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Physical and Mental Relationship

Sub-stratum gives the

psychological processes of

continuity

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NAZAM e QURAN = Structure of Quran

ALMASANI = Binary oppositions

Text of Quran has only one meaning, which could be determined by the

context, as exactly in structuralism.

He uses the method of TADABAR to understand the meanings of Quran, which is similar to introspection.

Molana Islahi and structuralisms

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Iqbal’s “Theory of ego” does not support

structuralism in all.

So Iqbal does not believe in an over

organized, non-movable structuralism.

Iqbal and Structuralism

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Separated letters in Quran

HAROOF e MUQTIAAT

shows the impotence

of individual letters,.

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Post-Structuralism

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Derrida, says: structuralist would like to believe that he think and red independently, without any center, but we know, structure, is itself a center.

Post-Structuralism

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Barthes argued that any literary text has multiple meanings, without the reference of any structure. He rejects the idea of a literary text having a single purpose.

Post-Structuralism

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In Binary oppositions one entity is not depend on the other.

Experimental introspection is very much special, so it is not reliable.

Functionalism says that the task of psychology is to investigate the function, or purpose, of consciousness rather than its structure

Post-Structuralism

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Post-structuralism rejects the possibility of

a truly scientific study of "man".

Post-Structuralism

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Sources

Louis Marks, Houston Baptist

University

Wikipedia