Self enquiry – ramana maharishi - ARRISE ROBY

SELF ENQUIRY – RAMANA MAHARISHI“There are two

ways: ask yourself ‘Who am I?’ or submit.”

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SELF - ENQUIRY

• Self-enquiry is the first work the Maharshi ever wrote. It was written about 1901, that is, when he was a young man of about twenty-two. He was already a Jnani (Sage) inperfect realization of the Self, in the resplendent bliss of Divine Knowledge. At that time he was living in Virupaksha Cave on the hill of Arunachala.


A number of disciples had already gathered round him. Although he had not actually taken a vow of silence, he seldom spoke, and so wrote his replies to certain questions put to him by Gambhiram Seshayya, one of the earliest devotees. The latter copied them in his diary.


• After his death this diary was obtained from his brother. The questions and answers were edited by Natanananda and published with Bhagavan’s approval under the name of Vichara Sangraham, or Self-Enquiry. Subsequently they were changed into the form of an essay. The original form has been adopted in the present work.


BREATH CONTROL

• The breath control that is described is, of course, not mere physical exercise. It is the spiritual significance of the exercise that makes it an elaborate science.

• ‘Science’ is indeed the right word for it, for it is a traditional Indian science of selfpurification.This makes it abstruse for the Western reader who has no previous grounding in it, especially as, like all, it has its technical vocabulary which does not permit adequate translation without lengthy notes


WESTERN READERS

• One has to remember that in writing this exposition the Maharshi knew that he could count on a technical knowledge of the science

in question in the person for whom he wrote. The consolation for Western readers is to remember that he neither recommended nor prescribed this path and in his later works

scarcely mentioned it.


Is enquiry the only means for removal of the false beliefof selfhood in the gross body, or is it also the means for removal

of the false belief of selfhood in the subtle and causal bodies?

• It is on the gross body that the other bodies subsist. In the false belief of the form ‘I am the body’ are included all the three bodies consisting of the five sheaths. And destruction

of the false belief of selfhood in the gross body is itself the destruction of the false belief of selfhood in the other bodies. So enquiry is the means to removal of the false belief of

selfhood in all the three bodies.


While there are different modifications of the internalorgan, viz., manas (reflection), buddhi (intellect), chitta

(memory) and ahankara (egoity), how can it be said that thedestruction of the mind alone is release?

• “The mind is formed by the concretion of the subtle portion of the food we eat; it grows with the passions such as attachment and aversion, desire and anger; being the aggregate of mind, intellect, memory and egoity, it receives the collective singular name ‘mind’; the characteristics that it

bears are thinking, determining, etc.; since it is an object ofconsciousness (the self), it is what is seen, inert; even though inert, it appears as if conscious because of association with consciousness (like a red-hot iron ball); it is limited, noneternal,partite, and changing like lac, gold, wax, etc.;

It is of the nature of all elements (of phenomenal existence); its locus is the Heart-lotus, even as the loci of the sense of sight, etc., are the eyes, etc.; it is the adjunct of the individual soul; thinking of an object, it transforms itself into a mode, and along with the knowledge that is in the brain, it flows through the five sense-channels, gets joined to objects by the brain (that is associated with knowledge), and thus knows and experiences objects and gains satisfaction.


The mind, sense-organs, etc., have the ability toperceive; yet why are they regarded as perceived

objects?

Drik (Knower) Drisya (Known object)1 The seer Pot (i.e., the seen object)Further,2 The eye organ Body, Pot, etc.3 The sense of sight The eye organ4 The mind The sense of sight5 The individual soul The mind6 Consciousness (the Self) The individual soul


How do egoity, soul, self, and Brahman come to beidentified?

1 The iron-ball2 The heated iron-ball3 The fire that is in theheated iron-ball4 The flame of fire whichremains as one

• Egoity• The soul which appears asa superimposition on the Self• The light of consciousness,i.e. the immutable Brahman,

which shines in the soul in every body

• The all pervading Brahman which remains as one

EXAMPLE EXEMPLIFIED


1.Of the means for mind control, which is the most important?

M: Breath control is the means for mind control.

• 2. D: How is breath to be controlled?M: Breath can be controlled either by absolute

retention of breath (kevala kumbhaka) or by regulation of breath (pranayama).


• D: What is absolute retention of breath?M: It is making the vital air stay firmly in the

Heart, even without exhalation and inhalation. This is achieved through meditation on the vital principle, etc.

D: What is regulation of breath?M: It is making the vital air stay firmly in the

Heart through exhalation, inhalation and retention, according to the instructions given in the yoga texts.


D: How is breath control the means for mind control?M: There is no doubt that breath control is the means for

mind control, because the mind, like breath, is a part of air,because the nature of mobility is common to both, because the place of origin is the same for both, and because when one of them is controlled the other gets controlled.

D: Since breath control leads only to quiescence of the• mind (manolaya) and not to its destruction

(manonasa), howcan it be said that breath control is the means for enquiry which aims at the destruction of mind?


• D: What are the limbs of yoga?M: Yama, niyama, asana, pranayama, pratyahara, dharana,dhyana, and samadhi. Of these —(1) Yama: This stands for the cultivation of such principles ofgood conduct as nonviolence (ahimsa), truth (satya), non-stealing(asteya), celibacy (Brahmacharya), and non-possession (aparigraha).

(2) Niyama: This stands for the observance of such rulesof good conduct as purity (saucha), contentment (santosha),austerity (tapas), study of the sacred texts (svadhyaya), anddevotion to God (Isvarapranidhana).

(3) Asana: Of the different postures, eighty-four are themain ones. Of these, again, four, viz., simha, bhadra,

padma, and siddha5 are said to be excellent. Of these too,


D: How is one to think of the Self?M: The Self is self-luminous without darkness and

light,and is the reality which is self-manifest. Therefore, one shouldnot think of it as this or as that. The very thought of thinkin will end in bondage. The purport of meditation on the Self is to make the mind take the form of the Self. In the middle of

the Heart-cave the pure Brahman is directly manifest as the Self in the form of ‘I-I’. Can there be greater ignorance than to think of it in manifold ways, without knowing it asaforementioned?


• D: If the jiva is by nature identical with the Self, what is itthat prevents the jiva from realizing its true nature?

M: It is forgetfulness of the jiva’s true nature; this is known as the power of veiling.


• What is the nature of Awareness?The nature of Awareness is Existence-Consciousness-Bliss.

4. When will the realization of the Self be gained? When the world which is what-is-seen has been removed, there will be realization of the Self which is the seer.

5. Will there not be realization of the Self even while the world is there (taken as real)? There will not be.

6. Why? The seer and the object seen are like the rope and thesnake. Just as the knowledge of the rope which is the substratewill not arise unless the false knowledge of the illusoryserpent goes, so the realization of the Self which is thesubstrate will not be gained unless the belief that the worldis real is removed.


• What is the nature of the Self?What exists in truth is the Self alone. The world,

the individual soul and God are appearances in it. Like silver in mother-of-pearl, these three appear at the same time and disappear at the same time.

The Self is that where there is absolutely no ‘I-thought’.That is called ‘Silence’. The Self itself is the world; the Self itself is ‘I’; the Self itself is God; all is Siva, the Self.


What is happiness?

• Happiness is the very nature of the Self; happiness and the Self are not different. There is no happiness in any object of the world. We imagine through our ignorance that we derive happiness

from objects. When the mind goes out, it experiences misery. In truth, when its desires are fulfilled, it returns to its own place and enjoys the happiness that is the Self. Similarly, in the states of sleep, samadhi and fainting, and when the object desired is obtained or the object disliked is removed, the mind becomes inward-turned, and enjoys pure Self-happiness. Thus the mind moves without rest alternately going out of the Self and returning to it.


• Under the tree the shade is pleasant; out inthe open the heat is scorching. A person who has been goingabout in the sun feels cool when he reaches the shade. Someonewho keeps on going from the shade into the sun and then backinto the shade is a fool. A wise man stays permanently in theshade. Similarly, the mind of the one who knows the truth doesnot leave Brahman. The mind of the ignorant, on the contrary,revolves in the world, feeling miserable, and for a little timereturns to Brahman to experience happiness. In fact, what iscalled the world is only thought. When the world disappears,i.e., when there is no thought, the mind experiences happiness;and when the world appears, it goes through misery.

What is happiness?


• What is wisdom-insight (jnana drishti)? Remaining quiet is what is called wisdom-

insight. To remain quiet is to resolve the mind in the Self. Telepathy, knowing past, present and future happenings and clairvoyance

do not constitute wisdom-insight.


• What is the difference between enquiry and meditation?

Enquiry consists in retaining the mind in the Self.Meditation consists in thinking that one’s self is

Brahman,Existence-Consciousness-Bliss.

What is release?• Inquiring into the nature of one’s self that is in

bondage,and realising one’s true nature is release.


• What are the marks of a real teacher (Sadguru)?Steady abidance in the Self, looking at all with an equaleye, unshakeable courage at all times, in all places andcircumstances, etc

2. What are the marks of an earnest disciple (sadsishya)? An intense longing for the removal of sorrow and

attainment of joy and an intense aversion for all kinds of mundane pleasure.

REAL TEACHER


• What is the mark of the ego?

The individual soul of the form of ‘I’ is the ego. The Selfwhich is of the nature of intelligence (chit) has no senseof ‘I’. Nor does the insentient body possess a sense of ‘I’.The mysterious appearance of a delusive ego betweenthe intelligent and the insentient, being the root cause ofall these troubles, upon its destruction by whatever

means,that which really exists will be seen as it is. This is called liberation (moksha).


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Self enquiry – ramana maharishi - ARRISE ROBY