214 History parallels part 2

God’s providence of restoration from Jesus until today

Slavery in EgyptSlavery in Egypt

JudgesJudges

Israelite MonarchyIsraelite Monarchy

Divided KingdomsDivided Kingdoms

Exile and ReturnExile and Return

Prep. for the MessiahPrep. for the Messiah400

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Jewish History

JesusPut to death

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Jewish History Christian History

Suffering under RomeSuffering under Rome

• Abraham’s failure in offering

• Jacob’s 12 sons and 70 kinsmen in Egypt

• Maintained identity– Circumcision, Sabbath

• Pyramid building• Moses - Pharaoh humbled• Mount Sinai - Covenant,

Torah and Tabernacle• Entered Promised Land

• Jesus killed• Jesus’ 12 apostles and 70

disciples in Roman Empire

Genesis 15:13 6 BC – 392 AD

Destruction of Jerusalem and Israel• First Jewish revolt against Roman rule• Destruction of Jerusalem and the Temple 70 CE

Arch of Titus in Rome

Building of Rome

• Vespasian used the treasure from the Temple to rebuild Rome– Colosseum– Temple of Peace– Public baths– New forum

Masada

• 70 CE a group of Sicarii took refuge

• 15 000 Roman soldiers laid seige

• 73 CE Masada was taken• Almost all the Jews killed

each other or committed suicide rather than surrender and become slaves

Destruction of Jerusalem and Israel

• First Jewish revolt against Roman rule

• Destruction of Jerusalem and the Temple 70 CE

• Second Jewish revolt 132-135 CE

• 500,000 Jews killed, 985 villages destroyed

• Jews forbidden to live in Jerusalem

• Judea renamed Palaestina Arch of Titus in Rome

Parting of the ways• Jews-who-believed-in-Jesus vs. Jews-

who-didn’t-believe-in-Jesus– Crucified Messiah

• Jewish-Roman Wars 66-73AD; 132-135 AD– Christians fled Jerusalem for Pella– Bar-Kokhba proclaimed messiah

• Changing identity of next generations• Church becomes Gentile

– Dispensational/Replacement theology– Judaism rejected

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• Abraham’s failure in offering

• Jacob’s 12 sons and 70 kinsmen in Egypt

• Maintained identity– Circumcision, Sabbath

• Pyramid building• Moses - Pharaoh humbled• Mount Sinai - Covenant,

Torah and Tabernacle• Entered Promised Land

• Jesus killed• Jesus’ 12 apostles and 70

disciples in Roman Empire• Established identity

– Parting of the ways– Baptism, Eucharist, Creed

• Persecution • Constantine converted 313

– Edict of Milan • Church councils, Canon• 392 Christianity becomes

official religion

Genesis 15:13 6 BC – 392 AD

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JudgesJudges Church PatriarchsChurch Patriarchs


• Judges– Prophet, priest, king– 12 tribes

• Struggles with Philistines• “Went after other gods”• Lack of unity between

tribes

• Patriarchs– Monastery, Pope,

‘king’– 5 Patriarchates

392 – 800 CE

Period of the Church Patriarchs

Rome

Arabs

Constantinople

Antioch

JerusalemAlexandria

Germanic Tribes

410

HunsMissionariesAnglesSaxons

God raised up the Germanictribes as a new chosen people.EDP, 317

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• Struggles with Philistines• “Went after other gods”• Lack of unity between tribes

• Patriarchs– Monastery, priest, king– 5 Patriarchates

• Invasion of barbarians– Rome sacked 410– Providence moved to

Germanic tribes• Influenced by paganism

– Augustine and Manichaeism• Doctrinal controversies

– Trinity, Person of Christ

392 – 800 CE

How did Christianity go East?

Christianity in China

Nestorian Stele (781)Nestorian church pagoda

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• Struggles with Philistines• “Went after other gods”• Lack of unity between tribes

• Patriarchs– Monastery, priest, king– 5 Patriarchates

• Invasion of barbarians– Rome sacked 410

• Influenced by paganism– Augustine and Manichaeism

• Doctrinal controversies– Trinity, Person of Christ

• Rise of Islam– Reform movement– Simple theology

392 – 800 CE

How quickly did Islam spread?

Spread of Islam through previously Christian lands 632 - 750

Battle of Tours 732Charles Martel

Rome

Makkah

Islamic Spain - Al-Andalus711-1492

• Caliphate of Cordoba 929-1031

• Golden age of culture, science, art, architecture, philosophy, libraries, medicine, astronomy

• Relatively tolerant of Jews and Christians

• Possibility of messiah?

120 120

United Israelite MonarchyUnited Israelite Monarchy

120120

Christian EmpireChristian Empire


• Samuel anointed Saul• Lack of unity • Samuel anointed David• Bathsheba & Uriah affair• Solomon - Temple• Married foreign women• Went after other gods

• Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne Emperor of the Romans

• Donation of Constantine• Struggle of Church and State

1040 – 922 BCE 800 – 919 CE

120 120


120120




After crowning and blessing the emperor, the pope was to obey him as one of his subjects in temporal matters. The emperor, in turn, was to lift up and further the spiritual work of the papacy in his realm. EDP

1040 – 922 BCE 800 – 919 CE

120 120


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• Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne Emperor of the Romans

• Donation of Constantine• Struggle of Church and State• Carolinian Renaissance

– Art, religion, education, culture• Civil wars between Charlemagne’s

descendents

1040 – 922 BCE 800 – 919 CE

Growth of Carolingian Empire

United Christian Kingdom

Carolingian Empire

400 400


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Divided EmpireDivided Empire


• Kingdom divided into Judah and Israel

• Rehaboam and Jeroboam• Cain: Israel

– 19 kings in 260 years– Prophets, no repentance– 721 BC Assyrians

• Abel: Judah– 20 kings in 394 years– Prophets, corruption– 597 BC Babylonians

• Collapse of autocratic society

• Empire divided East and West Franks - Germany and France

• Henry I ‘The Fowler’ crowned King of the Germans 919− Response to Magyars– Partially elected

• Otto I crowned Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire 962

922 – 597 BCE 919 - 1309 CE

Kingdoms of Franks and Germans

West FranksFrance

East FranksHoly

Roman Empire

Germany(Cain)

(Abel)

400 400


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• Henry I ‘The Fowler’ crowned King of the Germans 919

• Great Schism 1054– Church divided East and West

922 – 597 BCE 919 - 1309 CE

The Great Schism 1054

• Latin vs. Greek– Communication

• Difference of belief– Filioque clause

• Disagreement about authority of the Pope– First amongst equals

vs. supreme head

Orange = Roman Catholic ChurchBlue = Orthodox churches

400 400


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• Church divided East and West 1054

• Investiture Controversy– Simony– Who appoints bishops?– Who appoints Pope?

• Internal reformation: saints, monastics and scholars

922 – 597 BCE 919 - 1309 CE

Who were the reformers?

St Francisof Assisi

St Dominic

Bernardof Clairvaux

Thomas Aquinas

William Ockham

Saint Hildegard

Julian of Norwich

400 400


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• Great Schism 1054• Investiture Controversy• Internal reformation: saints,

monastics and scholars• External chastisement:

Crusades 1096-1248

922 – 597 BCE 919 - 1309 CE

What were the crusades?

• Military campaigns sanctioned by the Pope• Recapture Jerusalem and the Holy Land from Muslims 1095-1291• Response to Muslim threats to pilgrim routes

– 1009 Holy Sepulcher destroyed by Fatimid dynasty• Help requested by Byzantine Empire

– Threat from Seljuk Turks - Battle of Manzikert 1071• 8 Crusades - mostly unsuccessful• Breakdown of autocratic feudalism, disillusionment with the Catholic

Church, loss of prestige of Papacy, impoverishment, new ideas

400 400


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• Great Schism 1054• Investiture Controversy• Internal reformation: saints,

monastics and scholars• External chastisement:

Crusades 1096-1248• Decline of autocratic feudalism

922 – 597 BCE 919 - 1309 CE

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Papal Captivity & ReturnPapal Captivity & Return


• Babylonian Exile– 10,000 Jews– 597 - 527 BC– Purification

• Return to Jerusalem– Edict Cyrus 538 BC– Rebuilding Temple– Ezra the Scribe 458 BC – Nehemiah 445 BC

• Pope Clement V moves to Avignon in France 1309

• Supposed to be purified• Very political• Centralised• Money grabbing• Luxury, corruption• Pope Gregory XI moves

back to Rome 1377

70 years: 597- 527 BC140 years: 527- 400 BC

70 years: 1309 -1377140 years: 1378 -1517

Papal captivity

France

AvignonRome

1309

HolyRomanEmpire

France

HolyRomanEmpire

AvignonRome

1377

Return of the Papacy

210 210


210210



• Babylonian Exile– 10,000 Jews– 597 - 527 BC– Purification

• Return to Jerusalem– Edict Cyrus 538 BC– Rebuilding Temple– Ezra the Scribe 458 BC – Nehemiah 445 BC

• Pope Clement V moves to Avignon in France 1309

• Pope Gregory XI moves back to Rome 1377

• Papal Schism 1378 -1417– Council Pisa 1409– 3 popes– Council of Constance 1414

• Huge confusion– Reform movements– Wycliffe, Jan Hus

70 years: 597- 527 BC140 years: 527- 400 BC

70 years: 1309 -1377140 years: 1378 -1517

400 400

Prep. for the MessiahPrep. for the Messiah

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Prep. for Second AdventPrep. for Second Advent


• Malachi• Other religious leaders

– Socrates (470-389 BC) – Buddha (565-485 BC)– Confucius (552-479 BC)

• Roman Empire• Synthesis Hebraism and

Hellenism

• Renaissance• Reformation• Enlightenment • Great Awakening

– UK, USA, Sikhism

• Missionaries• British Empire• Democracy & free market• Science & technology

400 BC – Birth of Christ1517 (Martin Luther)to 1917 (400 years)


JudgesJudges

Israelite MonarchyIsraelite Monarchy



Prep. for the MessiahPrep. for the Messiah


Church PatriarchsChurch Patriarchs




Prep. for 2nd AdventPrep. for 2nd Advent

Malachi Luther1517


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Spiritual

214 History parallels part 2