1 © NOKIA

UMTSUMTSNetwork ArchitectureNetwork Architecture

3 © NOKIA

Module topics

• Introduction to UMTS Release 99 architecture

• Radio Access Network

• User Equipment

• Core Network

• UMTS network management solutions

• Review questions

4 © NOKIA

Objectives 1(2)After completing this module the student will be

able to:

• Identify and list the network subsystems of Release 99

• Identify and list the requirements of UMTS mobile terminals

• Briefly explain the network elements used in Release 4

• List and identify the network elements used within the radio access network (RAN), in terms of the name and function

• Briefly explain how base station sites are selected and describe the different cellular transmission solutions available

cont.

5 © NOKIA

Objectives 2(2)• Identify the main functions of the Nokia

RNC

• List and identify the network elements used within the core network in terms of the name and function within the context of Release 99

• List and identify the need for comprehensive network management in UMTS. With the help of the material, identify the framework of the Nokia NetAct solution

without using any references (if not otherwise stated).

6 © NOKIA

Combined GSM/UMTS Rel. 99 PLMNCN (Core Network)

NMS (Network Management Subsystem)

circuit switched (cs) domain

packet switched (ps) domain

commoncs & psnetwork elements

networkelements

for servicegroups

UTRAN(UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network)

GERAN(GSM EDGE Radio Access Network)

new

enhancedGSMcore

network

7 © NOKIA

UMTS Rel. 99 Core NetworkCN (Core Network)

circuit switched (cs) domain

packet switched (ps) domain

commoncs & ps

network elements

GERAN

UTRAN

MSC/VLR GMSC

HLREIR AC

GGSNSGSN

PSTN/ISDN

corp.network

WAP

PDNIP-backbone

CG

BillingCentre

BG

Inter-PLMNNetwork

8 © NOKIA

- subscriber profile (temporary)- location information (e.g. LAI)- subscriber identifier (e.g. IMSI, TMSI)

CS-Domain Network entities

Exchange specific functions:- switching - signalling evaluation- operational tasks (alarms, CDR generation, statistics)

Mobile communication specific functions- Interrogation of HLR

Mobile communication specific functions- mobility management- mobile specific connection management- interaction with HLR and VLR- interaction with GERAN/UTRAN- transcoding (UMTS only)

Mobile services Switching Centre (MSC)Gateway Mobile services Switching Centre (GMSC)

Exchange specific functions:- switching - signalling evaluation- operational tasks (alarms, CDR generation, statistics)

Visitor Location Register (VLR)

9 © NOKIA

Common CS- & PS Domain Network Entities

Home Location Register (HLR)• semi-permanent subscriber

profile• location information

Authentication Centre (AuC)generates subscriber related

data for• USIM – VPLMN mutual

authentication• ciphering

Equipment Identity Register (EIR)

verification of User Terminal/mobile equipment

10 © NOKIA

PS-Domain Network entities

Serving GPRS Support Node (SGSN)

•Network Access Control(authentication, authorisation, admission control, CDR collection, operator determined barring)

•Packet Routing & Transfer(relay, routing, address translation & mapping, encapsulation, tunnelling)

•Mobility Management

Gateway GPRS Support Node (GGSN)

•Network Access Control(CDR collection, screening)

•Packet Routing & Transfer(relay, routing, address translation & mapping, encapsulation, tunnelling)

•Mobility ManagementBorder Gateway

(BG)For secure inter-

PLMN connection

Charging Gateway Function (CGF)intermediate between

SGSN/GGSN and billing centre

11 © NOKIA

Network architecture of Rel 4

• Separation of control plane from user plane, simpler and more efficient

• Statistical multiplexing gain and convergence with PS core as ultimate aim

• More efficient transmission reduces costs this allowing more complex services to be offered

• Evolutionary phase towards Release 5 which in turn will offer even more advanced services

• GERAN implementation

• Implementation of Rel4 starts already 2002-2003, but most of the implementations can be anticipated in live networks starting from approximately the year 2005.

12 © NOKIA

Bearer Independent Call Control (Rel. 4)

HLR

MSC-Server

GMSC-Server

CS-MGW

CS-MGW

UTRAN

GERAN

PSTN, ISDN,PLMN, etc.

CSE

CAP CAP

Iu

Iu

A

A

D C

Nc

Nb

Mc(H.248)

Mc(H.248)

13 © NOKIA

Bearer Independent Call Control (Rel. 4)

HLR

MSC-Server

GMSC-Server

CS-MGW

CS-MGW

UTRAN

GERAN

PSTN, ISDN,PLMN, etc.

CSE

CAP CAP

Iu

Iu

A

A

D C

Nc

Nb

Mc(H.248)

Mc(H.248)

• Call control (MOC, MTC)

• VLR functionality• UE-network signalling• Network-network

signalling• Interaction with cs-

MGW• CDR generation

• Interrogation of HLR• Network-network

signalling• Interaction with cs-

MGW• CDR generation

• Bearer control• Bearer channel

termination• Media conversion• Payload processing• Mobile specific

functions

14 © NOKIA

UMTS Release 4: GERANCN (Core Network)

circuit switched (cs) domain

packetswitched (ps) domain

3GMSC/VLR

3GSGSN

RNC

Node B

Node B

Radio Network Subsystem (RNS)

IubIu-PS

Uu

BSC

BTS

BTS

BSC

Iu-

CS

BSS

Iu-CS

A

2GSGSN

Gb

Iu-PSIu-g

Iu-g

Um

15 © NOKIA

UMTS Release 5 IMS Overview (Roaming user example)

HSS

MRF

S-CSCF

SGSN

I-CSCF

GGSN

P-CSCF

IMS

IMS

Other IP/IMSnetwork

RAN

Home network

Visited network

16 © NOKIA

UMTS Rel. 99: UTRANCN (Core Network)

circuit switched (cs) domain

packetswitched (ps) domain

3GMSC/VLR

3GSGSN

UTRAN (UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network)

RNC

Node B

Node B

RNC Radio Network ControllerUE User Equipment = Mobile Equipment (ME) + Universal SIM (USIM)

RNC

Node B

Node BRadio Network Subsystem (RNS)

Radio Network Subsystem (RNS)

Iub

Iub

Iur

Iu-PS

Iu-CS

Uu

Uu

UE

UE

17 © NOKIA

Iur-Interface & Soft HandoverCN (Core Network)

circuit switched (cs) domain

packetswitched (ps) domain

3GMSC/VLR

3GSGSN

UTRAN

RNC

Node B

Node B

RNC Radio Network ControllerUE User Equipment = Mobile Equipment (ME) + UMTS SIM (USIM)

RNC

Node B

Node B(RNS)

Radio Network Subsystem (RNS)

Iub

Iub

Iur

Iu-PS

Iu-CS

Uu

Uu

UE

I can be connected to several cells

simultaneously

Duplication of DL traffic, selection of UL

traffic

18 © NOKIA

Radio Network Controller Tasks & Functions

• WCDMA radio resource management incl. Radio resource management of channel configurations,traffic and control channels, handovers, power control.

• Telecom functionalityincl. Location & connection management, ciphering, Iu and Iub channel management, ATM switching and multiplexing

• Maintenanceincl. Fault localisation and reconfiguration

• Operationincl. RNC and Node B parameter modification

19 © NOKIA

101010010101010001Iub InterfaceATM

Uu InterfaceWCDMA

Cellular Transmission managementManaging ATM switching and multiplexing

over the Iub interface. Control of AAL2/AAL5 connections. Control of the physical

transmission interfaces – E1, PDH, SDH or microwave.

Air Interface management. Controlling Uplink and Downlink

radio paths on the Uu Air Interface. Baseband to RF conversion. Antenna multi-

coupling.

O&M Processing.Interfacing with NMS

and RNC for alarm and control (Operations and Maintenance) functions.

Radio Channel functions.Logical to physical channel

mappings. Encoding/Decoding – Spreading/Despreading user

traffic and signalling.

RNC

Node B Tasks & Functions

20 © NOKIA

Area type Dense Urban

Urban Suburb Rural

Speech 92 93 95 95 %144 kb/s NRT 85 85 85 85 %GSM1800 speech 85 85 85 85 %Cell range 1 1.6 2.3 5.2 km

Factors affecting cell size include:

Frequency band - 2000MHz much higher than GSM networks.

Traffic types - WCDMA user data rates drop off as the user moves further away from the Node B

User levels - Demand for mobile services will increase, leading to much greater user densities

Fast Data Users

Voice and Slow Data

Users

average projected coverage

WCDMA Cell Coverage

21 © NOKIA

Voice traffic

Data Traffic

Soft Capacity

Cap

acity

per

cel

l per

car

rier

800kbps L1 rate

50 Erlang

More Voice Users Traffic Mix More Data Users

100% 50% 0% Load per carrier

Out

put P

ower

"Safe area"

Once Output Power Level on Uplink passes the Safe Area limit, the WCDMA air

interface becomes unstable. Load per carrier must be kept below this

limit

WCDMA Cell Capacity

22 © NOKIA

HSDPA Release 5

• AMC, adaptative modulation and coding 16 Quadrature Amplitude Modulation used in good radio link conditions

• Automatic Retransmission Query (ARQ) as error detection mechanism provides efficient retransmissons

• support for services requiring high data rates in downlink, e.g. Internet browsing and video on demand.

• High data rates up to 10Mbit/s

23 © NOKIA

WLAN and UMTS

WLAN use examplesHotels – Business travelers make full use of their hotel stay by getting broadband access.

Airport lounges –Airports offer considerable potential traffic and have good publicity value.

Business parks and campus areas – Mobile broadband access made available to roaming users and those with no access to a corporate

network or other networks.

Corporate buildings and meeting rooms – access in meeting rooms and other shared venues.

Exhibition and convention centres – access to the information needed for presentations

• Enhance mobile data services • Wireless LAN is being standardized by the IEEE • 11 Mbit/s between a terminal and an access point. • With more advanced modulation technology to give data rates up to 54 Mbit/s. • Encryption of the air interface defined • 2G SIM and 3G USIM cards can be used for authentication • 3GPP Rel. 6 includes wireless LAN for use with cellular networks

24 © NOKIA

User Equipment

User Terminal

User Equipment (UE)

+

USIM

Uu

Node B

25 © NOKIA

Mobile concepts - sample

26 © NOKIA

Terminal evolution & wireless protocols

dual moderequirement

27 © NOKIA

UE FDD power classes

WCDMA FDD Power Class

Maximum output power

Tolerance

Power class 1 33dBm (2W) +1dB/-3dBPower class 2 27dBm (0.5W) +1dB/-3dBPower class 3 24dBm (0.25W) +1dB/-3dBPower class 4 21dBm (0.125W ) +/-2dB

GSM 900 Maximum output powerPower class 1

43dBm (20W) only used in GSM Phase 1

Power class 2

39dBm (8W)

Power class 3

37dBm (5W)

Power class 4

33dBm (2W)

Power class 5

29dBm (0.8W)

Note: The maximum output power of FDD PCs 2 till 4 is smaller compared to GSM because of continuoustransmission instead of non-continuous transmission of GSM. The maximum transmission power determines thecell radius.

28 © NOKIA

UMTS / Universal SIMOwn processor and memory

• Two types of data:

• Specified data

• Subscriber dependent

• Featuring:

• Two name fields per entry

• Multiple phone numbers per entry

• Support of e-mail address

• User definable groupings

• Call details

• USIM security

29 © NOKIA

Nokia hardware platform

IPA2800 Nokia IP

DX200

HP/SUN

30 © NOKIA

Nokia's interface to the platform

NEMU - Network Element Management Unit

Future NED

BTS Tools

Nokia Online Services

NetAct

31 © NOKIA

Nokia Core network in Release 99

Operator IP network

Packet core

Iu-PS

HLR

GGSN

CGBG DNS

Firewall

Mobility CoreMobility Core

2GSGSN

RAN

2GMSC

RNC3G

SGSN

MGW

BSC

Iu-CS

A

Gb

NMS

PSTN PSTN

PSTNInternet

32 © NOKIA

Mobile Switching Centre

33 © NOKIA

MSCi architecture

D O C U M E N T T Y P E

T y p e U n i t O r D e p a r t m e n t H e r eT y p e Y o u r N a m e H e r e T y p e D a t e H e r e

O M U

T G F P

C D S U G S W

B S S

N S S

X . 2 5 o rL A N t oO M C a n dS M S

P S T N

V L R UC MC M UC C M U S T U C H U

E T

E C E T

C L S

P A B XE C E T

E T

V D Ua n dL P T

V D Ua n dL P T

P A UB S UM F S U B D C UM

L A NL A N

C A S UC C S U

M B

L A N

E X T . S Y N C .V A N G

OMU - Operation and Maintenance UnitCentralised supervision, alarms, recovery. System softwareCHU/STU - Charging/Statistical UnitsGeneration/storage of CDRs/measurement data storageVLRU - Visitor Location Register Unit

Storage of temporary subscriber information

CM - Central Memory

Tariffing, signalling, routing and configuration data

CCMU - Common Channel signalling Management Unit

Signalling management functions for CCS7 (SS7)

BDCU - Basic Data Communications Unit

Communication links to O&M, SMSC, Billing Centre

ET - Exchange Terminal

Electrical synchronisation, adaptations of external PCM line

GSW - Group Switch

The actual switching network of the MSCi

M - Marker

Controls the Group Switch

CASU, PAU, BSU, MFSU, CCSU

Signalling units supporting different types of protocols

CLS - Clock System unit

Clock signals for synchronisation

CDSU - Compact Data Service Unit

Enables Circuit Switched data, modem pools, rate adaptation

TGFP - Tone Generator Field Programmable

Generates DTMF signals

ECET - Echo Cancelling and Exchance Terminal

Same as ET, but with echo cancelling capability

CMU - Cellular Management Unit

Cellular radio network and CDSU control

34 © NOKIA

IP Bypassing (optional topic)

• Inter-MSC traffic routed through an IP-based data network instead of trunk lines.

• Main benefits:• Cost savings when data connections are cheaper

than PCM links. • Synergies with operator's other activities, e.g. only

one inter-city IP network.• Enables integration and optimisation of IP network

and PCM link based transmission.• Integrated solution enables common operation and

management with GSM network and the gateway.• All applications, like mobile transmission and video

data, can use the same network.

39 © NOKIA

MGW for MSC

Iu-CS

PSTN/Transitnetwork

TDM

Nokia 3G MSC

DX 200 MSC

STM-1 MGWRNCRNC

ATM

PCM

Main functions of MGW:Main functions of MGW:

• ATM/TDM conversion

• Iu/A’ signalling conversion between narrowband and broadband CCS7

• Transcoding

40 © NOKIA

Block diagram of the MGW for 3G-MSC

CACU (Control and Administrative Computer Unit). Controls switching fabric units (SFU) based on inputs from Interface Signalling Units (ISUs).

CM (Central Memory). Central data storage, distribution facility, CCS7 signalling handling (e.g. digit ananlysis).ISU (Interface Signalling Unit). CN emulation and signalling emulation towards the MSC.

NEMU (Network Element Management Unit). Local user interface, inter-face towards higher level network management. Some O&M functions.

OMU (Operation and Maintenance Unit). System software, O&M functions, etc.

SPMU (Signal Processing Management Unit). Control allocation of MGW for 3G-MSC's digital signalling processors.

TCU (Transcoding Unit). Performs the actual conversion between different AMR speech formats and PCM, and vice versa.

SFU (ATM Switching Fabric Units). Switches the calls processed by the exchange.

MXU (Multiplexer Units). Connects network interface units, computer units & signal processing units to the main switch fabric.

A2SU (AAL2 Switching Units). Ensures efficient transport of information with limited transfer delay for units connected to the main switch fabric.

41 © NOKIA

Media Gateway:• 5120 transcoding channels• 8 RNCs• IPA 2800 platform• Iu-CS interface

MSCi:• Simultaneous support for UMTS (A') and GSM (A) traffic• 600 000 BHCA• 16 700 Erlangs • 600 000 subscribers + 200 000 telemetric subscriber• 100% IN/SCE traffic support

Nokia 3G MSC & MGW - Summary

Iu-CS

PSTN/Transitnetwork

TDM

Nokia 3G MSC

DX 200 MSC

STM-1 MGWRNCRNC

ATM

PCM

42 © NOKIA

DX 200 HLRi

O M U

G S W

X.25 or LAN to OMC andSMS

MSC

S T U

E T

C L S

HLRE T

VDU andLPT

VDU andLPT

C M MC C S U B D C U

A C U D B D UH L R UE M U

E I R U

MB

LAN

43 © NOKIA

Nokia HLRi capacities•1 200 000 subscribers + 400 000 telemetric subscribers

• AuC capacity 2.4 million subscribers• EIR with:

• 4 million entries in the black list (up to 1 000 IMEIs/entry)• 4 million entries in the grey list (up to 1 000 IMEIs/entry)• 200 000 entries in the white list (up to 1 000 000 IMEIs/entry)

44 © NOKIA

Mobile Number Portability Solution (SRRi)

• The Service Routing Service Routing RegisterRegister is to remove excess signalling and complex databases and routing, by managing the address of each subscriber.

SRRiDatabase

HLR HLR

MSCSGSN

MSISDN1 - rerouting info

MSISDN2 - rerouting info

.

.

1

………

Othernetworks

• In some countries, the law states that subscribers must be able to keep keep their numbertheir number if they change the operator.

45 © NOKIA

SRRi architecture

GSW

CCSU CMM BDCU

SRRU OMU

X.25 or LAN

to OMCand SMS

MESSAGE BUS

ET

CLS

MSCHLR

VDU and LPT

ET

STU

LAN LAN

DBDU

LAN LAN

VDU and LPT

46 © NOKIA

Packet switched core network overview

Router

SGSN

BG

LegalInterceptionGateway

DomainNameServer

BorderGateway

Serving GPRSSupport Node

CG

GGSN

Firewall

GatewayGPRS

Support Node

LocalArea NW

Server

ChargingGateway

Corporate

DNS

2G & 3G

GPRS BackboneGPRS BackboneIP NetworkIP Network

InternetInternet

GSM BSS orGSM BSS or3G RAN3G RAN

Inter-PLMNInter-PLMNNetworkNetwork

IntranetIntranet

47 © NOKIA

3G-SGSN & GGSN• The 3G-SGSN & GGSN are built on the IP Platform

(2G-SGSN uses the Nokia DX200 Platform).

Power supplies

Cooling fans

Cable guides

Processor units on 2 trays

11

93

443

434 • In UMTS some of the functionality needed in the2G-SGSN is now included as functions in the RNC.• The 3G-SGSN is a compact unit.

48 © NOKIA

System structure of Nokia 3G-SGSN

Iu

Gn

Internal maintenance bus

Gr, Gf, GdE1/T1SMM Unit

• Mobility Management • Session Management•Signalling

ATMSTM-1

100 BaseTx1000 BaseT

ForwardingUnit

Central RouteProcessor Unit•O&M•Routing

TunnellingUnit

E1/T1

SS7Unit

ATMSTM-1

50 © NOKIA

Capacity• Max number of subscribers: 300 000

• Throughput and number of connections:— 900 Mbps and 200 000 PDP contexts

OR— 600 Mbps and 600 000 PDP contexts• (512 byte packet size)

• Connection attempts: 600 PDP procedures per second

• 300 000 SMS messages per hour

51 © NOKIA

Interfaces of 3G-SGSN

3G SGSN3G SGSN3G SGSN

Gn

Gr

Gf

Gd

3G Core Network

(HPLMN)

HLR & AUC

EIR

SMSC

Iu

Gp3G Core Network

(VPLMN)

RNC

NMS

CGGa

52 © NOKIA

Other packet core network elements

• GGSN (Gateway GPRS Support Node)Nokia version based on IP650 or IP740 routers

— Release 2, IP650: 150 000 PDP contexts100 Mbps (1400 byte packets)

— Release 2, IP740: 1 million PDP contexts400 Mbps (1400 byte packets)

— Both can interact with 2G-SGSN and 3G-SGSN

• BG (Border Gateway)— Router to Inter-PLMN data network

• DNS (Domain Name Server)— Access point name IP address of correct GGSN

• CG (Charging Gateway)

• LIG (Legal/Lawful Interception Gateway)

53 © NOKIA

Nokia FlexiFamily• High-availability carrier-grade server platform

• Linux based

• Nokia IP Multimedia Subsystem servers based on Nokia FlexiServer

• Nokia FlexiGateway a carrier-grade gateway platform and the future basis for network user-plane functions such as packet routing and processing

• Nokia FlexiGateway, with specially designed content-aware provisioning extensions, will gradually complete the implementation of the All-IP architecture

54 © NOKIA

Nokia IP Multimedia Core Solution (simplified)

HLRMSC/ MSS

SGSN

SGSNGGSN

GGSN

CG

LIG

BG

DNS

IMR CPS

GERAN/UTRAN

MPC

MGW

IP Multimedia core

55 © NOKIA

Traffic on PoC Network

SGSNPAPU units

BSCPCU units

BTS

GGSNWith PoC APN

GPRSbackbonenetwork

Customer Care and Billing

Provisioning Network Management

WEB based• Management• Provisioning• Self provisioning

PoC CallProcessors

PoC Register

LDAP parametermanagement

GPRS

Green elements required for PoC

IP layer

Service managementRadio access

layer architecture

Consumers

Access Control& EnterpriseConnectivity

HTTP human interfaceCommunicationParameters(timers)

CDRparameters

SUN

Operator Data Center

Enterprises

SystemParameters

Sub SystemServerParameters

Radio interface management

Packet Core management

56 © NOKIA

Nokia ICD System Release 1, ED 1

ISN 1.1

Gi

Contentproviders

Gn

Serviceaccess

CG 4.0 BSS

GGSN 4.0

TA 1.2

OSC 1.0

NSM 1.0

CA 1.1

ICDNetAc

t 3.1 ED2 CD

9/03Prepaid System

OSS

CCBS

GGSNfunctions

TrafficAnalyser

Contentfunctions

57 © NOKIA

Single Click Access

Nokia ICD System

Single PDP Context

Single PDP Context

Operator MMS Service

Operator Email

Service

Operator WAP

Service

Service Provider

WAP Service

GGSN

ap1.operator.com

APAP

Service switchingService switching

Single APN configured in terminal

Single APN configured in terminal

PDP Context

Nokia ISN

Access settings screen

58 © NOKIA

Charging options in the Nokia ICD System

• Volume-based charging • Transferred data volume• Per service, not limited to PDP Context• Bytes of transferred data

• Event-based charging• Event (transaction/hit to a specific WAP/HTTP URL)• A request/response pair• Number of events

• Time-based charging• Distinguish active/inactive usage time)• Subscription (free access during subscription period• Seconds of data transfer

• Subscription-based charging• Free access during content service subscription period• May be combined with event-based charging

59 © NOKIA

Nokia Intelligent EDGE Solution

CPS

Multi-access

Service enablers

Messaging Download andstreaming

Supportingenablers

IP network

Content serviceproviders

Application service providers

Internet

Corporate Intranet

Mobile Virtualnetwork operator

Service Core

Session controlDynamic subscriptionManagement and registers

Intelligent charging control

Service aware packet connectivity

62 © NOKIA

Radio Network Controller

• Radio network supervision

• Radio resource management

• Mobility management

• Support open interfaces Iu & Iur

• Flexible and modular platform in Nokia's version

• Height 1.8mWidth 0.6m Depth 0.6m

64 © NOKIA

RNC architecture

DMCU

GTPU

TCP/IP

NEMU OMU

RSMU

RRMU

ICSU

SFU

MXU

A2SU

RESOURCE AND SWITCHMANAGEMENT UNIT

Functions:- RNC wide functions- ATM switch management- DSP resource managementCharacteristics:- Pentium based- 2n redundant

NIU

NIU

NETWORK INTERFACE UNIT

Functions:- Physical layer functions- ATM layer functions- IU, IUR, IUBCharacteristics:- No redundancy

AAL2 SWITCHING UNIT

Functions: - AAL2 minipacket processing Characteristics:- SN+1 redundant

Functions:- Macrodiversity combining- Outer loop power control- RLC, MAC, PDCP functions- CipheringCharacteristics:- ~6000 MIPS- SN+1 redundant

DATA AND MACRODIVERSITY COMBINING UNIT

NETWORK ELEMENTMANAGEMENT UNIT

Functions:- Graphical user interfaces- Key Perfomance Indicators- NMS interfaceCharacteristics:- Pentium based- No redundancy

OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE UNIT

Functions:- O&M functions- RNW database- recovery functionsCharacteristics:- Pentium based- 2n redundant

TIMING AND HARDWARE MANAGEMENT BUS UNIT

Functions:- RNC syncronization- HW managementCharacteristics:- TSS3 RNC level- TBUF subrack level - 2n redundant TBU

Functions:- UDP/IP termination- GTP forwardingCharacteristics:- Pentium based- SN+1 redundant

GPRS TUNNELING PROTOCOL UNIT

RADIO RESOURCE MANAGEMENT UNIT

Functions:- RNC wide radio resource management functions Characteristics:- Pentium based- 2n redundant

MULTIPLEXER UNIT

Functions: - Multiplexing towards SFU Characteristics:- 622 Mbit/s towards SFU- 2n redundant

SWITCHING FABRIC UNIT

Functions: - ATM SwitchingCharacteristics:- 8 switching ports- 5 Gbit/s- 2n redundant

INTERFACE CONTROL ANDSIGNALLING UNIT

Functions:- L3 protocol functions - RANAP, RNSAP, NBAP - RRCCharacteristics:- Pentium based- RN+1 redundant

65 © NOKIA

Radio Network Controller site solution

1 2

3

4

5

Scalable traffic capacity in 5 steps

• 48 - 196 Mbit/s nominal capacity• Any traffic mix of voice and data• Redundant structure

1800 mm

600 mm

600 + 600 mm

66 © NOKIA

RNC Capacities

67 © NOKIA

Base station sites:• Macrocell sites• Microcell sites• Picocell sites

Nokia WCDMA base station solution

68 © NOKIA

What is the difference betweensite, cell and sector?

• A site is a physical cabinet with carriers/TRXs.

• A site may have one or more cells.

• Cells that belong to a site with more than one cell are usually referred to as a sector.

WCDMA- 1 carrier= 5MHzGSM

- 1 TRX ~ 7 traffic channels

Different frequencies

69 © NOKIA

GSM/WCDMA solutionCo-located sites

70 © NOKIA

GSM+EDGE

part

WCDMApart

Nokia WCDMA Tri-mode UltraSite

WCDMA configuration:

• 1+1+1. 5W

• 2+2+2. 2W

BTS capacity: max. 10 Mbits/s per cabinet

Other features:

• Either 12 GSM/EDGE transceivers or

• 6 GSM/EDGE and 3 WCDMA carriers (6 in Release 2)

71 © NOKIA

Nokia WCDMA UltraSite solution

Indoor

Nokia UltraSiteWCDMA BTS

Optima

Outdoor

Nokia UltraSiteWCDMA BTS

Optima Compact

Outdoor

Nokia UltraSiteWCDMA BTSSupreme

Indoor Outdoor

72 © NOKIA

Site support

• Site support units can contain batteries in case of main failure, transmission equipment, and more.

Batteries

3rd party transmission

73 © NOKIA

Nokia MetroSite solution

• Nokia MetroHub--- Transmission Node

• Battery Backup

Nokia MetroHopper Radio

Nokia FlexiHopper Microwave Radio

Nokia MetroSite EDGEBase Station• 900/1800 MHz GSM, EDGE networks

Nokia MetroSite WCDMA Base Station

• 2 GHz WCDMA networks

Co-locating GSM & WCDMA BTS

74 © NOKIA

Nokia WLAN technology

80 © NOKIA

Which solution to use?Student Exercise:

Imagine that you had to build a site. Which of the following would you take into account when selecting the Node B?

a) Which is the easiest and cost-effective way to add the site to the network?

b) How many sites will cover the area?

c) The expected number of subscribers in the area?

d) The amount of power that the site will transmit on?

e) Where the Node B will be positioned; will people see it or shall only the antenna be visible?

f) The amount of space available for the site?

g) The expected capacity that the site should carry?

81 © NOKIA

Transmission

• Sites are connected together in different ways to optimise costoptimise cost, whilst assuring the best qualitybest quality and redundancyredundancy.

• The links can be wire, optical or radio microwave links.

RNC

IUIUr

BSC

MSC

A

AXU

Multiplexer eg MetroHub

3G BTS

2G BTS

ATM crossconnect unit

82 © NOKIA

What do base station sites look like?

• Base station sites can be found in many different places and in different forms.

• The sites are connected together in different ways.

X-pol. antennas

Site support Base Station

FlexiHopper

UltraHoppers

MetroHoppers

83 © NOKIA

Asynchronous Transfer Mode

• Packet / cell based transmission

• 48 octets (bytes) of payload, 5 octets of header per packet (ATM cell)

• Examples of physical interfaces:– STM-1 – E1– Ethernet

85 © NOKIA

Management of 3G/UMTS networks

• The past decade has seen an increase in the type and number of network elements. This has lead to more complex networks.

93 9995 97 2002MSCBSCBTS

MSCBSCBTSBTS(D)

MSCBSCBTSPDHSDHFSC

MSCBSCBTSPDHSDHFSCSCPSMSC

GGSNBG

MSCBSCBTSPDHSDHFSCSCPSMSCSGSN

GGSNBG

MSCBSCBTSPDHSDHFSCSCPSMSCSGSN

WAP GWGIOxDSLRAN

BRAN

WLANPKI

CPS

NCCProfiler

GGSNBG

MSCBSCBTSPDHSDH

FSCSCP

SMSCSGSN

WAP GWGIO

EDGEUTRAN

IPTGWHSS

IGSNApplServers

MMSC

MAX3G BTSWAP PPG

WTA server

RANxDSL

Chatserver

BusinessMgmt

BusinessMgmt

ServiceManagement

ServiceManagement

NetworkManagement

NetworkManagement

Network ElementManagement

Network ElementManagement

Network ElementsNetwork Elements

• 3GPP is focusing on Network and Service Management layers to establish 3G operation support standard.

• Network element management tasks on a single element.

• Network management tasks on many elements at the same time.

86 © NOKIA

Nokia NetAct Solution

BusinessManagementSystems

ServiceManagementSystems

NetworkManagementSystems

ElementManagementSystems

Functions of Service management systems:•Take care of subcriber data•Provision services and subscribers•Collect and rate, bill offered services•Create, promote and monitor services

Network management system (NMS):•Collect information from the underlying networksand pre/post-process the raw data•Analyse and distribute information•Optimise network capacity and quality

Element management systems (EM):•EMs are part of the NE (RNC, BTS, AXC,etc.)functionality

•Monitor the functioning of the equipment•Collect raw data (performance indicators)•Local GUI provided for site engineers•Mediate towards the NMS system

MIS

PlanningSystem

BTS

BTS AXC

RNC NE x

NE y

CCB

NE = network element, CCB = customer care and billing, MIS = management information system

NMS

87 © NOKIA

Nokia NetAct frame structure

Workflow ManagerWorkflow Manager

Reporter Reporter

Administrator Administrator

3rd Party Tools 3rd Party Tools

Rating & Charging Rating & Charging

Planner Planner

Configurator & Provisioning

Configurator & Provisioning

Monitor Monitor

Service QualityManager

Service QualityManager

Unified Mediation and Adaptation

Unified Mediation and Adaptation

Network Network

Common networktypology

Common WEB GUI

88 © NOKIA

Nokia network management tools

Ueno 1-1 Shinj uku 1 Shinj uku 2Otemachi 1

RNC RNC RNCRNC RNC

Ikebukur o 1-1

T okyo ar ea - north

Megur o 1-1 T okyo 2-1 Shibya 1- 1T okyo 1-1

RNC RNC RNCRNC RNC

Shibya 2- 1

T okyo ar ea - south

NMS

termi nal

print er

P ower

Vent.

RNC sit e 17

Mar unouchi bldg

7F

Mar unouchi 1-2-3

Chioda-ku

s ite manager :

Sato Akiyoshi

tel: 090 4002 8196

NMS site

BTS LocalManagement Tool

BTS site

89 © NOKIA

Monitoring• The monitoring of alarms involve collecting alarms

and statistics to identify problems in the network.

Problem detection

Problem identification Problem handling

Verification

90 © NOKIA

Radio network planning & development

Radio AccessNetwork

Radio networkplanning toolNokia TOTEM

3rd partyplanning

tool

PlanningInterface

Plan management in NMS

PlanRepository

PlanModification

Radionetworkplanning

PlanProvisioning

NMS providesa Web Site forRNW plans:

storageeditdownload,

activate &rollback

upload actualconfiguration

Intranet

RNW planin XMLformat RNC

BTS

BTS

BTS

ATMModule

91 © NOKIA

Summary of Nokia network evolution

92 © NOKIA

Release 3 ('99) Architecture

FiberFiber

DXC

MWRTDM Access

RAN Mobility Core

Control Plane

Gateway Plane

2GSGSN

3GSGSN GGSN

Application PlatformsApplication Platforms

Internet GatewayMultimedia Messaging

e-mailGame platform

Nokia Charging

Center

Nokia Charging Gateway

RNC

BSC

HLR

3GMSC

NMS

Internet

PSTN

GSM BTS

TripleMode BTS

WCDMA BTS

•UTRAN - WCDMA air interface•Enhanced core network functionality•New service architecture

93 © NOKIA

Bearer Independent Call Control (Rel. 4)

Rel.99•UTRAN - WCDMA air interface•Enhanced core network functionality•New service architectureRel.4•Separation of control plane from user plane, simpler and more efficient•Statistical multiplexing gain and convergence with PS core as ultimate aim•More efficient transmission reduces costs this allowing more complex services to be offered•Evolutionary phase towards Release 5 which in turn will offer even more advanced services•GERAN implementation

94 © NOKIA

3GPP Release 5 architectureRel.99•UTRAN - WCDMA air interface•Enhanced core network functionality•New service architectureRel.4•Separation of control plane from user plane, simpler and more efficient•Statistical multiplexing gain and convergence with PS core as ultimate aim•More efficient transmission reduces costs this allowing more complex services to be offered•Evolutionary phase towards Release 5 which in turn will offer even more advanced services•GERAN implementationRel.5•IP Multimedia Subsystem•High Speed Downlink Packet Access•IP transport in the core network•IP transport in UTRAN•End to end IP services•Simpler service integration due to simplified protocol stacks•Easy integration and enabling of instant messaging, precence information and real time conversation services