TERM PAPER ON SYNTHETIC PYRETHROIDS

Course Incharge:Dr.Sridharan sir,

Department of Agricultural Entomology,CPPS ,TNAU.

POSITION OF SYNTHETIC PYRETHROIDS IN INSECTICIDES CLASSIFICATIONINSECTICIDES

INORGANIC INSECTICIDES

ORGANIC INSECTICIDES

FLOURINE COMPOUNDSARSENIC COMPOUNDS

BORAX, SULPHUR, LIME, ZINC PHOSPHIDE

NATURAL ORGANIC INSECTICIDES SYNTHETIC ORGANIC INSCTICIDES

I II

II.A II.B

1.Dinitro phenols eg. DNOC2.Organothiocyanates eg. thanite3.Chlorinated hydrocarbon eg. endosulfan, chlordane4.Organophosphorus eg. phosphamidon5.Carbamates eg. carbofuron, aldicarb

Hydrogen oilsAnimal origin

NeristoxinPlant origin

Nicotine,pyrethrum,Rotenone Derris Neem 6.Synthetic pyrethroids eg.

cypermethrin, fenvaletate

?

Pyrethrins are the activechemicals in pyrethrum, andare 100% natural

Pyrethroids are synthetic, orman-made, versions of Pyrethrins.

Pyrethrum is composed of 6esters (collectively calledthe Pyrethrins), all of whichhave insecticidal properties.This means thatthe pyrethrum is attacking theinsect on 6 different fronts,using 6 different insecticides.

Pyrethroids, which are synthetic,are composed of only one chemicallyactive compound.

PYRETHRINS PYRETHROIDS

Pyrethrins have a uniqueability to induce excitationbehaviour in insects,characterized by erratic andincreased movement by insects.This has the benefit of 'flushing'the insects out of hiding places,resulting in increased exposureto the Pyrethrins

Synthetic Pyrethroids do not have this flushing effect

Pyrethrins are naturallybroken down by UV rays andPH variances and thereforehave shorter environmentalpersistence.

synthetic Pyrethroids aremanufactured to overcome thethat problem.

EXAMPLES

COMPONENTS OF PYRETHROIDS

I. PYRETHRINS

ANALOGUE

II.SYNTHETIC PYRETHROIDS

PYRETHRINS

6 ESTERS NATURAL

ACID + ALCOHOL

SOURCES OF PYRETHRINS

Achenes of the chrysanthemum FAMILY : Compositae / Asteraceae

Sources of different species:1. Chrysanthemum cinerariefolium2. C . coccineum3. C.roseum4. C.marshalli5. C.tamrutene

The original home of pyrethrum is said to be East or Middle Eastcountries.In the 19th century it was introduced to U.S.A., Japan, U.K.,Africa and South America. At the beginning of 20th century, Dalmatiaand adjoining countries became leading producers. In 1941, Japanbecame the leading producer. However, at present, the principalproducer of pyrethrum is KENYA. Other countries producingpyrethrum are Congo, Uganda, Tanzania, Ethiopia, Equador and Brazil .

In INDIA also pyrethrum is grown to a small extent in the1. Hilly belts of Assam2. Himalyan mountain range of J & K3. Nilgiri areas of Tamil Nadu

Chrysanthemum cinerariefolium

Chrysanthemum coccineum

Chrysanthemum roseum

Chrysanthemum marshalli

EXTRACTION OFPYRETHRUMMETHOD I METHOD II

METHOD I

Pyrethrum is present in the Achenes of flower heads The content is maximum when the flowers are in full bloom stage

flowers are harvested by handpicking

They are then dried at 54.4 0C and compressed. In the industries the dried and compressed flowers are ground to a

fine powder.

The powder / dust can be used as aninsecticide.

METHOD II

The toxicant can be extracted by extracting with an organicsolvent like Isopropanol,acetone or odor less kerosene.

The solvent is repeatedly percolated through the powderand the weak extract is evaporated in a vacuum still to getconcentrated extract

The concentrated extract together with an emulsifieris sold in the market for the use.

Also, the concentrated extract can be mixeduniformly with an inert carrier like benonite clay,charcoal powder, diatomaceous earth

The mixture can be used as a ready to use lowpower dust.

PYRETHRUM

Amber coloured viscous liquid

Insoluble in water but soluble in organic solvents

It is nonvolatile, hence non-fumigant action.

I t Is Easily decomposed by acid, alkali or even by moisture on long standing to produce primary constituents

On prolonged storage, pyrethrum looses itsinsecticidal action due to degradation by oxidation.Hence; antioxidants like hydroquinolene are added toincrease the life.

An exposure to sunlight, it is degraded to nontoxic products in no time i.e., highly photodegradable. This is what restricts the use of natural pyrethrum in out dooragriculture.

II.SYNTHETIC PYRETHROID

Mode of action

STIMULI

1.Resting state 2.Depolarization 3.Repolarization

Synthetic pyrethroids commercial -compounds

COMPOUNDS OF SYNTHETIC PYRETHROIDS

1.Allethrin 2.cypermethrin 3.Cyfluthrin4.Lambda cyhalothrin 5.Cypermethrin 6.Delatmethrin 7.Imiprothriin8.Bifenthrin9.Cyphenothrin

10.fenprothrin 11.Fenvelarate12.Permethrin13.Prallethrin14.Transfluthgrin15.Etofenprox

1 .Allethrin

Alleviate PynaminD-cisallethrinBioallethrinEsbiothrinPyresinPyrexcelPyrocideRaid Thermacell

Flies

mosquitoes

FORMULATIONS : 0.5% COIL,2%-4% MAT,0.5%AEROSOL, 3.6% LIQUID

RAID THERMACELL

KILMOS FAVORIT

2.CYPERMETHRIN

LEAF EATING CATERPILLRS BOLLWORMS

STORAGE PESTS

Trade Names:

HIPOPWER100 DUO INSECTICIDEVIPER SUPERMETHRINALPHA CYPER ALFAGIN

+

FORMULATIONS:

10% EC 25% EC0.2-1.0% DP1% CHALK3% smoke generator

HIPOPWER 100 DUO INSECTICIDE

INSECTICIDE LABELS

VIPER SUPERMETHRIN

ALPHA CYPER ALFAGIN

ETHRIN CYPER TC

3.CYFLUTHRIN

Trade names

BAYTHROIDSIBA -5W HOCKLEY-CYFLUTHRINDECATHLON, TEMPO 2

FORMULATIONS10% WPAEROSOLS

MOSQUITOES

HOUSE FLY

COCKROACH

BAYTHROID SIBA -5W

HOCKLEY CYFLUTHRIN

4.LAMBDA CYHALOTHRIN Formulations:5% EC,10%WP,0.5%CHALK

LEPIDOPTERAN CATERPILLARS PUBLIC HEALTH PESTS

IPL LAMBDA

BEMAR

LAMBDA MAGIC

AVON-25 LAMBDATHRIN

5.DELTA METHRIN

Trade Names

BLAST DELTAHITDOSE

HOUSEHOLD PESTSMOSQUITOESANIMAL ECTOPARASITESCATERPILLARS

DOSE

FORMULATIONS2.5% SC 2.5% WP0.5% CHALK25% TABLET11%EC

BLAST DELTAHIT

FENPROPATHRIN

BRINJAL SHOOT AND FRUIT BORER

BRINJAL MITE CHILLI THRIPS

FORMULATION : 10%- 30% EC

TAME

PERMETHRIN

1.LEPIDOPTERAN LARVAE 2.ECTOPARASITES OF ANIMALS 3.PUBLICaq HEALTH AND HOUSEHOLD PESTS

PERMETHRIN SFR

Formulation : 25% EC 5% SMOKE GENERATOR

AMBUSH, POUNCE

FENVALERATE

IT CONTROLS THE PUBLIC AND ANIMAL ECTOPARASITES , CATERPILLARS

FORMULATION : 25%EC AND 0.4%DP

PRALLETHRIN

The only insecticide which can act at lower concentration than the other pyrethroids

FORMULATIONS0.04% AND 0.05% COIL0.08%,1%,1.2% MAT2.4% L19% VP

VLIDO NINIA

& TRANSFLUTHRIN

ETOPENPROXIT IS NON EASTER PYRETHROID

FORMULATIONS :10% EC 20%WP

RICE BPH

RICE LEAFHOPPER

SYMPTOMS OF POISONING

Symptoms of synthetic pyrethroid poisoning may include oneor many of the following:

stuffy, runny nose - headache, fever wheezing, coughing - sensation of swelling or tightness in

the chest tremors - irregular heartbeat Extreme weakness – nausea

Effects to the eyes may include: Blurred or dark vision Redness caused by stinging Extensive tearing

How to idetify synthetic pyrethroid ?

-thrin 1.cypermethrin2.cypermethrin 3.Cyfluthrin4.Lambda cyhalothrin5.Cypermethrin 6.Delatmethrin 7.Imiprothriin8.Bifenthrin9.Cyphenothrin

-ateFenvalerate

Thank you

PRESENTED BYS.SRINIVAS NAIK

ID.NO:13-503-010