~

PROKARYOTIC AND EUKARYOTIC CELLS

INTRODUCTION

• All living things are made up of cells. Cells are the

smallest units that can be alive. During the 1950’s

scientists developed the concept that life on earth is

classified into six kingdoms and each have their own

characteristic kind of cell. However the biggest

division is between the cells of the Prokaryote

kingdom (Eubacteria and archaebacteria and those of

the other four kingdoms (animals, plants, fungi and

protoctista which are all eukaryotes cells.

Characteristics

• Prokaryotic Cells • Eukaryotic Cells

Prokaryote is an organism that does not have a nucleus

(like bacteria), It still has DNA of course, but not

enclosed in a neat little sack.

Eukaryote is an organism that does have a nucleus (like

me and you)

Functions

• The Cell Wall• The Plasma Membrane• The Cytoplasm• The Genetic Material• The Ribosomes

Prokaryotic Cell• The Cell Wall• The Plasma Membrane• The Nucleus• The Nuclear Membrane• The Nucleolus• The Mitochondria• The Chloroplast• The Endoplasmic Reticulum• The Ribosomes• The Golgi Bodies• The Lysosomes• The Vacuoles• The Cytoplasm• The Chromosomes

Eukaryotic Cell

Below are the organelles of each cell. Each of these organelles have specific

functions.

DNA, the genetic material is located in a non-membrane

bound nucleoid region in prokaryotes and a membrane-

bound nucleus in eukaryotes

2. Plasma membrane, a phospholipid bilayer with

proteins that separates the cell from the surrounding

environment and functions as a selective barrier for the

import and export of materials

3. Cytoplasm, the rest of the material of the cell within

the plasma membrane, excluding the nucleoid region or

nucleus, that consists of a fluid portion called the

cytosol and the organelles and other particulates

suspended in it

4. Ribosomes, the organelles on which protein synthesis

takes place

Connections

Reproduction

Prokaryotic Cell Eukaryotic Cell

Types, Genes and Conditions

Prokaryotic cells reproduce by a process that is called

binary fission.

The DNA in such cells is contained in a single circular

chromosome called a plasmid within the cytoplasm.

The reproductive process starts with the replication of

the chromosome.

Always asexual

Prokaryotic Cell Reproduction

The life of eukaryotic cells is characterized by a cell

cycle with two major phases: the interphase and cell

division.

The nucleus divides in a process called mitosis

Asexual or sexual

Eukaryotic Cell Reproduction

Application

• The Carbon Cycles affect possible survival.

• There are physical characteristics.

• The temperature varies.

• Environmental changes create problems.

Major Players

Biotic and Abiotic Factors

Biotic Factors are;

• Producers (autroph) plants

• Consumers (hetertrophs) animals

• Decomposers (fungi and bacteria)

Abiotic Factors are;• Air

• Water

• Space

• Temperature

• Light

• Soil (nutrients

Feeding Systems

Feeding Systems that takes place in Prokaryotic

Organisms

Feeding Systems that takes place in Eukaryotic

Organisms

Organisms within the Kingdoms

• Prokaryotes includes several kinds of microorganisms such as bacteria and cyanobacteria.

• Eukaryotes includes such microorganisms as fungi, protozoa and simple algue.

References

• Rader, A. (1997) Eukaryotes – Cells with Parts. Biolgy4kids.com: Microorganisms: Eukaryotes Retrieved from www.biology4kids.com/files/micro_eukaryote.html

• The Biology Project Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics. (1997) Prokaryotes, Eukaryotes, & Viruses Tutorial. Retrieved from http:// www.biology.arizona.edu. www.biology4kids.com/files/micro_eukaryote.html

• Understanding Evolution. From prokaryotes to eukaryotes. Retrieved from evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/article/_0/endosymbiosis_03. Pg 3