Ragabali Ebrahimi

Takestan Branch,

Islamic Azad University,

Iran

Fig 1. Energy, Time and Pressure

in Sonochemistry

Ultrasound & Hydrogels 211/03/2014

Fig 2. Classification of Sound Frequencies

Ultrasound & Hydrogels 311/03/2014

Fig 3. Cavitation; Formation and Collapse of Bubbles

Ultrasound & Hydrogels 411/03/2014

Fig 4. Conversion of aqueous solution of monomers

to permanent hydrogel by ultrasound

in a few seconds

Ultrasound & Hydrogels 511/03/2014

Fig 5. The Structure of acrylic acid co acrylamidebased

superabsorbent hydrogel crosslinked with MBA

Ultrasound & Hydrogels 611/03/2014

Temp Cel800.0700.0600.0500.0400.0300.0200.0100.0

DT

A u

V

40.00

30.00

20.00

10.00

0.00

-10.00

-20.00

-30.00

TG

mg

2.400

2.200

2.000

1.800

1.600

1.400

1.200

1.000

0.800

0.600

DT

G u

g/m

in

150.0

100.0

50.0

0.0

-50.0

-100.0

-150.0

-200.0

-250.0

TG

%

100.0

90.0

80.0

70.0

60.0

50.0

40.0

30.0

A

-0.5

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

190 210 230 250 270 290 310

Ab

s

Λ(nm)

AAm

AA

MBA

Hydrogel

Fig 6. Spectra Analysis: FT-IR, Uv-Vis, TGA, SEM and GPC

Ultrasound & Hydrogels 711/03/2014

0

20

40

60

80

100

20 25 30 35 40 45

Co

nve

rtio

n

time(sec)

Fig 7. Monomer conversion during ultrasonic irradiation

Ultrasound & Hydrogels 811/03/2014

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

50 60 70 80 90 100

% of Glycerol

Viscosity (mPa.S)

Reaction Time(Sec)

Fig 8. The effect of glycerol on viscosity and reaction time

Ultrasound & Hydrogels 911/03/2014

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

55 65 75 85 95

t (s

ec)

Power (%)

Fig 9. The effect of ultrasonic power on the reaction time

Ultrasound & Hydrogels 1011/03/2014

Fig 10. swelling process after any two minutes

Ultrasound & Hydrogels 1111/03/2014

Fig 11. swelling process

Ultrasound & Hydrogels 1211/03/2014

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

4 9 14 19 24 29

w(g

r)

time (min)

278 K 293 K 308 K 318 K

Fig 12. Effect of temperature on the swelling kinetics

Ultrasound & Hydrogels 1311/03/2014

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2

m (

gr)

Conc (M)

NaCl

CaCl2

FeCl3

Fig 13. Equilibrium swelling of the hydrogel in salt solutions

Ultrasound & Hydrogels 1411/03/2014

0.5

1.5

2.5

3.5

4.5

0 50 100 150

We

igh

t (g

r)

time (min)

PH = 11 PH = 3

Fig 14. reversible pulsatile swelling and deswelling

Ultrasound & Hydrogels 1511/03/2014

Fig 15. Schematic of classes of controlled relase systems.

Ultrasound & Hydrogels 1611/03/2014

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

3

3.5

4

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80

Ab

s

Time (min)

Drug Delivery Stage

Drug Loading Stage

Fig 16. Fluvoxamine Structure, loading and delivery

Ultrasound & Hydrogels 1711/03/2014

2.5

3

3.5

4

4.5

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70A

bs

time (min)

pH=4

pH=10

pH=7

0.25

0.75

1.25

1.75

2.25

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70

Ab

s

T (min)

Temperature = 5 oC

Temperature = 15 oC

Temperature = 25 oC

Temperature = 37 oC

Temperature = 45 oC

Fig 17. pH and Temprature effects in Fluvoxamine delivery

Ultrasound & Hydrogels 1811/03/2014

Fig 18. Ciprofloxacin Structure

Ultrasound & Hydrogels 1911/03/2014

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140

Ab

s

Time (min)

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1

1.2

1.4

1.6

1.8

2

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160

Ab

s

Time (min)

Fig 19. Ciprofloxacin

loading and

delivery

Ultrasound & Hydrogels 2011/03/2014

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Ab

s

Time (min)

pH=2

PH=8

ph=10

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

5 15 30 45 60

Ab

s

Time (min)

T=5 T=20 T=37 T=45

Fig 20. pH and Temprature effects in

Ciprofloxacin delivery

Ultrasound & Hydrogels 2111/03/2014

2211/03/2014

1. R. EBRAHIMI, IRAN. POLYM. J. 21(1), 11-20, 2012.

2. R. EBRAHIMI, G. TARHANDEH, S. RAFIEY, H. KHANI, J. KOR. CHEM. SOC. 56(1), 92-101, 2012.

3. R. EBRAHIMI, RESEARCH & REVIEWS IN BIOSCIENCES 6(4,5), 134-141, 2012.

4- R. EBRAHIMI, F. SADEGHI NIYARAKI, A. BOLOURI JIRANDEH, J. POLYM. MAT., 31 (2), 159-167, 2014.

5- R. EBRAHIMI, M. EBRAHIMI, J POLYM ENG, 34 (7), 625-632, 2014.

CONFERENCE PAPERS:

JOURNAL PAPERS:

1. R. EBRAHIMI, … INT. CON. ON ENV. SCI. AND ENG. (WASET 2010), SINGAPORE, SINGAPORE, AUG. 25-27, 2010.

2. R. EBRAHIMI, IUPAC 9TH INT. CON. ON ADV. POLYM. VIA MACROM. ENG. CAPPADOCIA, TURKEY, SEP. 5-8, 2011.

3. R. EBRAHIMI, … 10TH INT. SEM. ON POLYMER SCIENCE AND TECH. (ISPST2012), TEHRAN, IRAN, OCT. 21-25, 2012.

4. R. EBRAHIMI, … THE 8TH INT. CHEM. ENG. CONGRESS & EXHIBITION(ICECE), KISH, IRAN, 24-27 FEBRUARY, 2014.

5. R. Ebrahimi, … INT. CONF. ON ADV. IN PURE AND APPL. SCI.’ (ICAPAS), Kuala LUMPUR, Malaysia.Nov 3-4, 2014.

2311/03/2014

Thank you for your attention 2411/03/2014