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Bio111Estructura Celular
Tamao y Diversidad celular
Relacin superficie a volumen
Microscopa de luz y electrnica
Fraccionamiento celular
Diversidad de la Vida
Tipos de clulasProcariota
Eucariota
BacteriaOrganismos Procariotas
Fig. 4-6, p. 81Plasmamembrane0.5 mPiliStorage
granuleFlagellumRibosomeCell wallCapsuleNuclearareaDNA
9Figure 4.6: Structure of a prokaryotic cell. This colorized TEM
shows a thin lengthwise slice through an Escherichia coli
bacterium. Note the prominent nuclear area containing the genetic
material (DNA). E. coli is a normal inhabitant of the human
intestine, but under certain conditions some strains can cause
infections.
Clula Eucariota
Fig. 4-3b, p. 77
11Figure 4.3: Viewing cells with various types of
microscopes.The specimen visualized in (b) through (f) is a
Paramecium (a protist). (a) Using a crude microscope that he
constructed, Robert Hooke looked at a thin slice of cork and drew
what he saw. More sophisticated microscopes and techniques enable
biologists to view cells in more detail. Bright-field microscopy
can be enhanced by staining. The phase contrast and
differential-interference-contrast microscopes enhance detail by
increasing the differences in optical density in different regions
of the cells.
Diagrama declula animal
Clula Eucariota animal
Diagrama deClula vegetal
Clula eucariota vegetal
Fig. 4-7, p. 82RibosomesChloroplastGranumStromaSmooth ERRough
and smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)ChromatinNuclear poresNuclear
envelopeNucleolusNucleusRough ERMitochondrionVacuolePlasma
membraneCell wallMembranoussacsGolgi complexCristae
16Figure 4.7: Composite diagram of a plant cell.Chloroplasts, a
cell wall, and prominent vacuoles are characteristic of plant
cells. The TEMs show specific structures or areas of the cell. Some
plant cells do not have all the organelles shown here. For example,
leaf and stem cells that carry on photosynthesis contain
chloroplasts, whereas root cells do not. Many of the organelles,
such as the nucleus, mitochondria, and endoplasmic reticulum (ER),
are characteristic of all eukaryotic cells.
Fig. 4-8, p. 83LysosomeRibosomesRoughERSmooth
ERCentriolesMitochondrionRough and smoothendoplastic reticulum
(ER)NuclearenvelopeNucleolusNucleusChromatinNuclearporesNuclearenvelopeMembranoussacs
ofGolgiGolgi complexPlasmamembraneCristae
17Figure 4.8: Composite diagram of an animal cell. This
generalized animal cell is shown in a realistic context surrounded
by adjacent cells, which cause it to be slightly compressed. The
TEMs show the structure of various organelles. Depending on the
cell type, certain organelles may be more or less prominent.
El ncleo
Retculo Endoplsmico
Fig. 4-13, p. 910.5 mGolgi complextransfacecisface
Cuerpo de Golgie
20Figure 4.13: TEM and an interpretive drawing of the Golgi
complex.
Cuerpos de Golgi
Fig. 4-14, p. 92transfacePlasmamembraneGlycoproteinRough
ERRibosomesPolypeptides synthesizedon ribosomes are insertedinto ER
lumen.Sugars are added, forming glycoproteins.Transport vesicles
deliver glycoproteins to cis face of Golgi.Glycoproteins
modifiedfurther in Golgi.Glycoproteins move to transface where they
are packagedin transport vesicles.Glycoproteins transported
toplasma membrane (or otherorganelle).Contents of transport
vesiclereleased from cell.Golgi complexcisface
22Figure 4.14: Protein transport within the cell. Glycoproteins
are transported from ribosomes into the ER. They are then
transported to the Golgi complex, where they are modified. This
diagram shows the passage of glycoproteins through compartments of
the endomembrane system of a mucus-secreting goblet cell that lines
the intestine. Mucus consists of a complex mixture of covalently
linked proteins and carbohydrates.
Lisosomas(cel. animal)
Fig. 4-16, p. 93
15 mFood vacuoles containing diatoms
24Figure 4.16: LM of food vacuoles. This protist, Chilodonella,
has ingested many small, photosynthetic protists called diatoms
(dark areas) that have been enclosed in food vacuoles. From the
number of diatoms scattered about its cell, one might conclude that
Chilodonella has a rather voracious appetite.
Organelos de transformacin de Energa
Mitocondria
Cloroplastidio
Fig. 4-9b, p. 84StarchgrainIntercellular spaceChloroplastsCell
wallVacuoleProlamellar bodyPlasmamembraneGolgi
complexRibosomesRoughendoplasmicreticulumNucleus
28Figure 4.9: TEM of a plant cell and an interpretive drawing.
Most of this cross section of a cell from the leaf of a young bean
plant (Phaseolus vulgaris) is dominated by a vacuole. Prolamellar
bodies are membranous regions typically seen in developing
chloroplasts.
Citoesqueleto
ElCitoesqueleto
Fig. 4-21, p.
97MicrotubulePlasmamembraneMicrofilamentIntermediatefilament
32Figure 4.21: The cytoskeleton. Eukaryotic cells have a
cytoskeleton consisting of networks of several types of fibers,
including microtubules, microfilaments, and intermediate filaments.
The cytoskeleton contributes to the shape of the cell, anchors
organelles, and sometimes rapidly changes shape during cell
locomotion. The cytoskeleton of two fibroblast cells is visible in
the fluorescent light micrograph (microtubules, yellow;
microfilaments, blue; nuclei, green).
Estructurade los cilios
Fig. 4-22b, p. 98
(b) Fluorescent LM showing microtubules in green.
Amicrotubule-organizing center (pink dot) is visible besideor over
most of the cell nuclei (blue).50 m
35Figure 4.22: Organization of microtubules.
Fig. 4-27b, p. 101
(b) Intermediate filaments are stained green inthis human cell
isolated from a tissue culture.100 m
36Figure 4.27: Intermediate filaments.
Matriz extracelular
Fig. 4-28, p.
102PlasmamembraneCollagenFibronectinsIntegrinIntermediatefilamentMicrofilamentsExtracellularmatrixCytosol
38Figure 4.28: The extracellular matrix (ECM). Fibronectins,
glycoproteins of the ECM, bind to integrins and other receptors in
the plasma membrane.
ParedEn clulas vegetales
http://www.wisc-online.com/objects/index_tj.asp?objid=AP1101
Para construir la Membrana Celular
h T
tp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u3cgxfxVc6E&feature=youtube_gdata_player
http://zoology.okstate.edu/zoo_lrc/biol1114/tutorials/Flash/Osmosis_Animation.htm
Animaciones de
smosishttp://www2.nl.edu/jste/osmosis.htm#Osmosis
