csvconfyasmin2017_05_03

Using Web Archives to Enrich the Live Web Experience Through Storytelling

YasminAlNoamany

UniversityofCalifornia,BerkeleyWebScience&DigitalLibrariesResearchGroupatODU

@yasmina_anwar@WebSciDL

ResearchFundedbyIMLSLG-71-15-0077-15

csv,conf,v3Portland,OR,2017-05-03

My son, Yousof, was 2 on January 17, 2011

hQps://www.facebook.com/elshaheeed.co.uk/2

No worries! MulHple iniHaHves for documenHng the EgypHan RevoluHon

403photoswithinformaVonaboutthelivesofthemartyrs

3,525imagesand2,387videospostedbypeoplefortheJanuarydemonstraVons

artworkproducedduringtheEgypVanRevoluVon

3

Several studies and books about the EgypHan RevoluHon

44

These repositories do not exist any more!

55

Luckily these sites are archived at Archive-It in the EgypHan RevoluHon collecHon

hQp://wayback.archive-it.org/2358/20110314134348/hQp://iamjan25.com/hQp://wayback.archive-it.org/2358/20110211072306/hQp://1000memories.com/egypt/hQps://wayback.archive-it.org/2358/20111128095924/hQp://iamtahrir.com/

6

Archived collecHons are important for posterity, but there are problems with archived collecHons

7

AOer 10 years, Yousof knows about Archive-It

>3,500collecVons

~340

insVtuVons

>10Barchivedpages

Archive-It,asubscripVon-basedservice,hostscuratedwebcollecVons8

There is more than one collecHon about the EgypHan RevoluHon

•  “2010-2011ArabSpring”hQps://archive-it.org/collecVons/3101•  “NorthAfrica&theMiddleEast2011-2013”hQps://archive-it.org/collecVons/2349•  “EgyptRevoluVonandPoliVcs”hQps://archive-it.org/collecVons/2358

9

Current browsing and searching services for the “Egypt RevoluHon and PoliHcs” collecHon

10


11


12

CollecHon understanding and collecHon summarizaHon are not currently supported Not easy to answer “what’s in that collecHon?” or “how is this collecHon different from others”?

13

Our early aYempts at collecHon understanding tried to include everything…

14

“Visualizingdigitalcollec5onsatArchive-It”,JCDL2012.hQp://ws-dl.blogspot.com/2012/08/2012-08-10-ms-thesis-visualizing.html

1000s of seeds X 1000s of archived pages == Conven,onal Vis Methods Not Applicable

15

Idea: Storytelling

16

Stories in literature

Storyelements:sedng,characters,sequence,exposiVon,conflict,climax,resoluVon

OnceuponaVme

hQp://www.learner.org/interacVves/story/17

Stories in social media “It'shardtodefineastory,butIknowitwhenIseeit”(Alexander,2008)

basically,justarrangingwebpagesinVme18

“Storytelling” is becoming a popular technique in social media

19

What are the limitaHons of storytelling services?

20

The EgypHan RevoluHon on Storify

21

Bookmarking, not preserving!

22

Use interface people already know how to use to summarize collecHons

Archivedcollec5onsStorytellingservices

Archivedenrichedstories

23

Hand-craOed stories to summarize the EgypHan RevoluHon collecHon for Yousof

hQps://storify.com/yasmina_anwar/the-egypVan-revoluVon-on-archive-it-collecVon

hQps://storify.com/yasmina_anwar/the-story-of-the-egypVan-revoluVon-from-archive- 24

How do we generate this automaHcally?

25

CollecHons have two dimensions: {Fixed, Sliding} X {Page, Time}

t1 t3t2 t5t4 tk

…

URI

Time

t6

26

…

…

Fixed Page, Fixed Time

AdesktopChromeuser-agenthQp://www.cnn.com/2014/02/24/world/africa/egypt-poliVcs/index.html?hpt=wo_c2

AndroidChromeuser-agenthQp://www.cnn.com/2014/02/24/world/africa/egypt-poliVcs/index.html?hpt=wo_c2

SchneiderandMcCown,“FirstStepsinArchivingtheMobileWeb:AutomatedDiscoveryofMobileWebsites”,JCDL2013.Kellyetal.“AMethodforIdenVfyingPersonalizedRepresentaVonsinWebArchives”,D-LibMagazine2013.

27

Feb1 Feb1 Feb2

Feb4 Feb5 Feb7

Feb9 Feb11 Feb11

28

FixedPage,SlidingTime

Feb.11,2011Mubarakresigns

29

SlidingPage,FixedTime

Jan27 Jan31

Feb7Feb4

Feb11 Feb11

Feb2

Jan25

Feb10

30

SlidingPage,SlidingTime

The Dark and Stormy Archives (DSA) framework

Establish a baseline

Reduce the candidate pool of archived pages

Select good representative

pages

Characteristics of human-generated

Stories

Characteristics of Archive-It collections

Exclude duplicates

Exclude off-topic pages

Exclude non-English Language

Dynamically slice the collection

Cluster the pages in each slice

Select high-quality pages from each

cluster

Order pages by time

Visualize

31hQps://pbs.twimg.com/media/BQcpj7ACMAAHRp4.jpg

Establish a baseline of social media stories

"Characteris5csofSocialMediaStories”,TPDL2015,IJDL2016.

32

What is the length of a story (the number of resources per story)?

Thisstoryhas31resources

1

3

2

33

What are the types of resources that compose a story?

Quotes

Video

34

Thisstoryhas•  19quotes•  8images•  4videos

We found that 28 mementos is a good number for the resources in the stories.

35

DetecHng off-topic pages

"Detec5ngOff-TopicPagesinWebArchives”,TPDL2015,IJDL2016.

36

More than 60% of archive copies of hamdeensabahy.com are off-topic

May13,2012:Thepagestartedason-topic.

May24,2012:Off-topicduetoadatabaseerror.

Mar.21,2013:Notworkingbecauseoffinancialproblems.

May21,2013:On-topicagain June5,2014:Thesitehasbeenhacked Oct.10,2014:Thedomainhasexpired.

hQp://wayback.archive-it.org/2358/*/hQp://hamdeensabahy.com37

Based on evaluaHng 6 similarity methods, we applied the best performing method to automaHcally detect off-topic pages

May13,2012:Thepagestartedason-topic.

May24,2012:Off-topicduetoadatabaseerror.

Mar.21,2013:Notworkingbecauseoffinancialproblems.

May21,2013:On-topicagain June5,2014:Thesitehasbeenhacked Oct.10,2014:Thedomainhasexpired.

hQp://wayback.archive-it.org/2358/*/hQp://hamdeensabahy.com38

9 mementos for news.egypt.com, but 5 are duplicates

39

SelecHng representaHve pages for generaHng stories

40

”Genera5ngStoriesfromArchivedCollec5ons”,WebSci2017.

Quality metrics for selecHng mementos

•  IntheDSA,mementoqualityMqiscalculatedasfollowing:

Mq=(1−wm*Dm)+wql*Sql+wqc*Sqc

•  Dmisthemementodamage(Brunelle,JCDL2014)•  SqlisthesnippetqualitybasedontheURIlevel•  SqcisthesnippetqualitybasedonURIcategory•  wm,wql,wqcaretheweightsofmementodamage,level,andcategory

41

We prefer a higher quality memento (Dm)

hQp://wayback.archive-it.org/2358/20110201231457/hQp://news.blogs.cnn.com/category/world/egypt-world-latest-news/

hQp://wayback.archive-it.org/2358/20110201231622/hQp://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world/middle_east/

42Brunelleetal.NotAllMementosAreCreatedEqual:MeasuringTheImpactOfMissingResources,JCDL2014

We prefer pages with aYracHve snippets

hQps://wayback.archive-it.org/2358/20110207193404/hQp://news.blogs.cnn.com/2011/02/07/egypt-crisis-country-to-aucVon-treasury-bills/

hQps://wayback.archive-it.org/2358/20110207194425/hQp://www.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/africa/02/07/egypt.google.execuVve/index.html?hpt=T1

43

Visualizing stories in Storify

44


We extract the metadata of the pages and order them chronologically

{ "elements":[ { "permalink":"http://wayback.archive-it.org/694/20070523182134/http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/2007-04-16-virginia-tech_N.htm", "type":"link", "source":{"href":"http://www.usatoday.com", "name":"www.usatoday.com @ 23, May 2007"} }, { "permalink":"http://wayback.archive-it.org/694/20070530182159/http://www.time.com/time/specials/2007/vatech_victims", "type":"link", "source":{"href":"http://www.time.com", "name":"www.time.com @ 30, May 2007" } }, { "permalink":"http://wayback.archive-it.org/694/20070530182206/http://www.collegiatetimes.com/", "type":"link", "source":{"href":"http://www.collegiatetimes.com", "name":"www.collegiatetimes.com @ 30, May 2007" } }, { "permalink":"http://wayback.archive-it.org/694/20070606234248/http://hokies416.wordpress.com/", "type":"link", "source":{ "href":"http://hokies416.wordpress.com", "name":"hokies416.wordpress.com @ 06, Jun 2007" } }, … { "permalink":"http://wayback.archive-it.org/694/20070620234329/http://www.hokiesports.com/april16/", "type":"link", "source":{"href":"http://www.hokiesports.com", "name":"www.hokiesports.com @ 20, Jun 2007" } }, ],

"description":"This is an automatically generated story from Archive-It collection.", "title":"April 16 Archive ”

}

45

Using the Storify API, we override the default metadata to generate more attractive snippets

Example of an automaHcally generated story

46

Notice the good metadata: images, titles with dates, favicons

EvaluaHng the Dark and Stormy Archive framework (how good are the automaHcally generated stories?)

47

EvaluaHon is tricky! (two perfectly good stories could have non-overlapping k=28 elements!)

•  SuccessfulevaluaVonmeans:•  HumanandDSAstoriesareindisVnguishable•  HumanandDSAstoriesarebeQerthanRandom

• Weusehumanevaluators(viaAmazon'sMechanicalTurk)tocompare:

•  Human-generatedstories•  DSA(automaVcally)generatedstories•  Randomlygeneratedstories

48

Our guidelines for expert archivists at Archive-It for generaHng stories from the collecHons

49

A sample HIT

50

DSA == Human (Human,DSA) > Random

Automatic/Human Automatic/Random Human/Random

Percentage

020

4060

80100 Automatic Human Random

51

Understanding the archived collecHons is important for posterity

52

Understanding the archived collecHons is important for posterity

ThanksmomfortheDSA!

53

Use interface people already know how to use to summarize collecHons

Archivedcollec5onsStorytellingservices

Archivedenrichedstories

54

Allthecode,datasets,papers,slides,etc.:hQp://bit.ly/YasminPhD

@yasmina_anwar

Backup Slides

55

We sample k mementos from N pages of the collecHon (k << N) to create a summary story

S1

S2S3

S4

S2

S1

S3

Collec5onY

S3S2

S1

Collec5onZ

Collec5onX

56

How do we automaHcally detect off-topic pages?

57

Textual content cosine similarity, intersecHon of the most frequent terms, Jaccard similarity

Method Similarity

cosine 0.7

TF-IntersecVon 0.6

Jaccard 0.5

Method Similarity

cosine 0.0

TF-IntersecVon 0.0

Jaccard 0.0

58

SemanHcs of the text Web based kernel funcHon using the search engine (SE)

Method Similarity

SE-Kernel 0.759

SahamiandHeilman,AWeb-basedKernelFuncVonforMeasuringtheSimilarityofShortTextSnippets,WWW2006

Structural methods no. of words, content-length

100 109

100 5

Method %change

WordCount 0.09

Method %change

WordCount -0.95

60

We built a gold standard data set to evaluate the methods

61

We manually labeled 15,760 mementos

EgyptRevolu5onandPoli5csURI-Rs:136URI-Ms:6,886Off-topicURI-Ms:384

OccupyMovementURI-Rs:255URI-Ms:6,570Off-topicURI-Ms:458

ColumbiaUniv.HumanRightscollec5onURI-Rs:198URI-Ms:2,304Off-topicURI-Ms:94 62

Evaluated 6 methods on manually labeled 15,760

•  Textualcontent•  cosinesimilarity•  intersecVonofthemostfrequentterms•  Jaccardsimilarity

•  SemanVcsofthetext• WebbasedkernelfuncVonusingthesearchengine(SE)

•  Structuralmethods•  no.ofwords•  content-length

63"Detec5ngOff-TopicPagesinWebArchives”,TPDL2015,IJDL2016.

Cosine Similarity performed well

64

SimilarityMeasure Threshold FP FN FP+FN ACC F1 AUC

Cosine|WordCount 0.10|-0.85 24 10 34 0.987 0.906 0.968

Cosine|SEKernel 0.10|0.00 6 35 40 0.990 0.901 0.934

Cosine 0.15 31 22 53 0.983 0.881 0.961

WordCount|SEKernel -0.80|0.00 14 27 42 0.985 0.818 0.885

WordCount -0.85 6 44 50 0.982 0.806 0.870

SEKernel 0.05 64 83 147 0.965 0.683 0.865

Bytes -0.65 28 133 161 0.962 0.584 0.746

Jaccard 0.05 74 86 159 0.962 0.538 0.809

TF-IntersecVon 0.00 49 104 153 0.967 0.537 0.740

Average precision of 0.89 on 18 different Archive-It collecHons

65(Cosine,WordCount)with(0.10,-0.85)thresholds

EvaluaHng the DSA

66

MT experiment setup

•  ThreeHITsforeachstory(69HITstoevaluate23stories);twocomparisonsperHIT:

•  HIT1:humanvs.automaVc,humanvs.poor•  HIT2:humanvs.random,humanvs.poor•  HIT3:randomvs.automaVc,automaVcvs.poor

•  15disVnctturkerswithmasterqualificaVon(i.e.,highacceptancerate)foreachHIT

•  Werejectedthesubmissionscontainedpoorly-generatedstoriesandtheHITsthatwerecompletedinlessthan10seconds(meanVmeperHIT=7minutes)

•  989outof1,035(69*15)validHITs

•  Weawardedtheturker$0.50perHIT

67hQps://www.mturk.com/mturk/help?helpPage=worker#what_is_master_worker

We prefer deep links over high level domains (Sql)

Feb.11,2011:thehomepageofBBConStorify

Feb.11,2011:thehomepageofBBCMiddleEastsecVononStorify

Feb.11,2011:thearVcleofBBConStorify

hQps://wayback.archive-it.org/2358/20110211191429/hQp://www.bbc.co.uk/

hQps://wayback.archive-it.org/2358/20110211192204/hQp://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-12433045

hQps://wayback.archive-it.org/2358/20110211191942/hQp://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world/middle_east/

68

Social media pages may not produce good snippets (Sqc)

hQp://wayback.archive-it.org/1784/20100131023240/hQp:/twiQer.com/HaiVfeed/hQp://wayback.archive-it.org/2358/20141225080305/hQps:/www.facebook.com/elshaheeed.co.uk

69

How do we dynamically divide the collecHons into appropriate slices? (in other words, how do we pick just 28?)

70


We expected most collecHons to look like this…

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●● ●●● ●●● ●●● ●●● ●●● ●●● ●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

2012

020

4060

80100

120

Memento−Datetime

URIs

TheGlobalFoodCrisiscollecVonatArchive-It71

This is what we found

● ● ● ●● ●●

● ● ● ●●

●

● ● ● ●● ●● ●●●●●●●●

● ● ● ● ● ●●

●●● ● ● ● ● ●●

● ● ● ● ● ●● ●●●●

●●

●●

●●● ● ● ● ● ● ●●

●●

●●●●

●●●

● ● ● ● ● ● ●●● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ●

●

●●

●● ●

● ● ● ●● ● ●

●●●●

●●●

● ● ● ● ●● ●

●●

●● ●●● ● ●● ●

●●

● ● ● ● ● ● ●●

● ● ● ● ●●

●●●●

●●●

●●● ● ● ● ● ● ●●

●●

● ● ● ● ● ●● ●● ●

●●●●

●● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ●●● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ●● ●

● ● ● ●●

●●

●●● ●●

●●

● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ●●● ● ● ● ● ● ●●●● ●●●

●● ●●● ●

●

●●

● ● ● ● ● ● ●●●●●

●●●●

●●

●●●

● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ●●

● ●● ●

●●

●●

● ● ●●

● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ●●

● ●●● ●

● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ●● ●●●● ●●●● ●

● ● ● ● ●● ●●

● ● ● ● ●● ●

●●● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ●●

●● ● ● ● ●●

●

Jun Jul Apr May

020

4060

80

Memento−Datetime

URIs

● ●●●● ●●●● ●● ● ●● ●● ●● ●● ● ●● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●●●● ●● ●●

● ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ●●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ●● ●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ●

● ● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ● ●●● ●● ●● ●● ●●●● ●● ●

● ● ● ●● ●● ● ●● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ●●●●● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ●●

●

● ● ● ● ●● ●● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ●●● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●● ● ● ● ●● ●

● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ●● ●● ●● ● ● ● ●●

● ●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●● ● ● ● ● ● ●●● ●●● ●●● ●●●

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●●●●●● ●●● ●●●● ●●● ●●● ●●● ●●●● ●● ●● ●●

●●●● ●● ●●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●● ●●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●●● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●●●● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ● ● ● ●●●● ●●●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●●● ●●● ●●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ● ●●● ● ● ●●●● ●●●● ●●●● ●●●● ●●●● ●●●● ●●●● ●●●● ●●●●

●●● ●●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●●● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ●●● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●●● ●●● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ●●● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●●●● ●● ●●● ●● ●● ●● ● ● ●● ● ●●

● ● ● ● ● ●● ●● ●●

●● ●● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ●●● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ●● ●●● ● ● ● ●

●● ● ● ●●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●● ●●● ●●

●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●

●●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●

●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●● ●● ● ● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●

● ● ●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ●●● ● ●●●● ●● ●●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ● ●●●●● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ●●●●● ●

●● ● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●

●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●

●● ● ●● ●● ● ●● ●● ●● ●●●●● ● ● ● ●

●●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●●●● ●●●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●

●● ● ● ●● ●● ●● ●●●● ●● ●●●● ●●●● ●●● ●●● ●●● ●●● ●●● ●●● ●●●

● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●●●● ●●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ● ●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ● ● ● ● ●

● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●● ●● ●● ●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ●

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ●● ●●

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ●● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ●● ●● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●● ●● ●● ●● ●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●

● ● ● ● ● ●

●● ●● ●●●

● ● ● ●●● ●●● ●●● ●●● ●●● ●●● ●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ●●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ●● ● ● ● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●

● ●● ● ●● ● ● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ● ●● ● ●● ●●● ● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ● ● ●

●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●● ●● ● ●●● ●

●● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ●● ●● ●● ●

● ● ●

●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●●●● ●● ● ● ●● ●● ●●●● ●●●● ●● ●● ●● ●●●● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ●●● ● ● ● ● ●●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●● ● ● ● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ● ● ● ●

●● ●● ● ●

●● ●● ●●●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●●●● ● ● ● ●● ●● ●● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ●●● ● ● ● ● ● ●●● ●● ●● ●●● ●● ●● ●● ● ● ● ● ●

●●● ● ●● ●●● ●●●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●

●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●●●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●●● ●● ●●● ● ●●●● ●● ● ● ● ● ●

● ● ● ● ● ●●● ● ● ● ● ● ●●●●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●●● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●● ● ● ●● ●● ● ●● ● ● ●●● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ●● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●

● ●

●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ● ● ●● ●●

● ●● ●● ●● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ●

●● ●● ● ● ● ● ●●● ● ● ● ● ●●

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ● ● ●● ●● ● ● ● ● ●●● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ●

●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ●●● ●● ●● ●●●●● ●●●● ●●● ●●●● ●●●● ●●●● ●●● ●●●● ●●●● ●●●●● ● ● ● ● ●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●● ●●● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●● ● ● ●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ●

● ● ●

●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ●●● ● ●●● ● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ●●● ●● ●● ●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●● ●●●● ●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●● ●● ● ●● ●● ● ● ●●● ●●● ●

●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●●●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●● ● ●● ●● ● ● ●● ●● ●● ● ● ●

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ●● ● ● ●●●●● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ●● ●●● ●● ●● ● ●●● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ●● ●● ●●●●●● ●● ●●● ●● ●●● ● ●●● ●●● ●●● ●●● ●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●● ●● ●●●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ●● ●● ●

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ●●● ● ● ● ● ●●● ● ● ● ● ● ●●● ● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●● ● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ●

●● ●● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●●●● ●●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●● ● ●●

● ● ● ● ●● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●● ● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ●

● ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ●●●●● ●●● ●●● ●●● ●●● ●●● ●●● ●●● ●●● ●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●●● ● ● ●● ● ●● ●● ● ● ● ● ●

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ● ● ●● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ●● ● ●● ●● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ●

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ●●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●

●●● ● ● ●● ● ● ●● ● ● ●●●●● ●●● ● ● ● ●● ●● ●● ● ●●

● ●● ● ● ●

● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ●

● ●●● ● ● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●●● ● ● ● ● ●

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ●●●●●● ●● ●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●● ● ● ● ●● ●● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ●● ●● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ● ●

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ●● ●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ●●●●● ● ● ● ● ●●● ● ●● ● ● ●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ● ●●

● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ●● ● ● ● ●●● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ●

● ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●●

●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ●● ●●●●●● ●● ●●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ● ●● ●●● ● ● ● ●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●

● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●●● ● ● ● ● ●● ●● ● ●● ●● ●● ●●● ●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●

● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●

● ●● ●● ●●

●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ●● ●● ●● ● ●● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●●● ●● ●● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ●● ●● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ●● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ● ●●● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ●● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●

● ● ● ●● ●● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ●●● ● ● ● ●●●● ● ● ● ● ●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●● ●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ●

● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ●● ● ●

● ● ●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●●●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ●● ● ●●● ●●●● ●●●● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ●●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●●● ● ●

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●

●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ●●

●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ● ●● ●●

●● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ●● ●●● ● ● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ● ●

● ● ● ●

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ●● ●● ●● ● ●● ●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●●

● ●●● ●

● ● ● ●●● ● ● ● ● ● ●●●●

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ● ● ● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●

●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●● ● ● ● ●●

● ● ●

●● ●

●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●● ● ●● ● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●● ●●● ●● ●● ● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●● ● ● ●● ● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●

● ● ● ● ●

●●●●●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●●

● ●● ● ● ● ●

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ●● ●

● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●● ● ●●● ●●● ●●● ●●● ●●● ●●● ●● ●● ●● ● ●●●● ● ●●●●● ● ● ●● ● ● ●● ● ●

●●●● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ●● ● ● ●

● ● ● ● ● ●●● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ●● ● ●● ● ●● ●●

●● ●● ●● ●●● ●● ●● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●● ● ●●● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●● ●●●● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●● ● ● ● ● ●●● ● ●

● ● ● ● ● ●

● ● ● ● ● ●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●● ●● ●●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●● ● ●●● ●● ● ● ● ●● ●●● ● ● ●●● ●●● ●● ●●●

● ● ● ● ●●● ●●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●●● ●●● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●

●● ●

●●●● ● ● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●● ●●

●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ●● ●● ●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ● ●

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ●● ●● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ● ●

●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ●● ●● ●● ● ●●● ●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●● ● ● ● ●

●● ●●● ●●● ●●● ●●● ●●● ●●● ●●● ●●

●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ● ● ● ● ●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●● ● ● ● ●●● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●● ● ● ● ● ●● ●● ●●

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●

●●●●●● ● ●● ●● ●● ● ●● ●● ●

●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ●● ●● ●● ● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●

●●

●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●

●●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●

● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●●●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ●● ● ●

● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ●●●● ●● ●● ●● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ●

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ●●●● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

0100

200

300

400

500

600

Memento−Datetime

URIs

●●●●●

●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●● ●●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●

●●●●

●●●●●

●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●

●●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ●● ●●● ●●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●● ●●

●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●

●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●

●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●●●●● ●

●●●●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ● ●

●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●●● ●●

●●● ●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●

●

●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●●●●●●●●●●●●●

●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●●●● ● ● ●● ●● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ●● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ●

●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●

●●●●

●

●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●● ●●●●●● ● ●●●● ●●●●● ●● ● ● ●● ●●●●●●●●●●●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●

●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●

●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ●● ●●

●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●● ●● ●● ●●●● ●●●● ●●●

●●●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

2011 2012

010

2030

40Memento−Datetime

URIs

●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●● ● ● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ●●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ●●●●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ●

●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●

●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●● ● ●● ●● ●

●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●● ●●● ●●● ● ●●● ●●● ●●● ●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●●●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●

● ● ●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●● ●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ●● ●●●●●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●

●● ●●●●●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●●●●●●●●

●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●●●●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●●●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●● ●●●●●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●

●●●●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ●●

●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ●

●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●● ● ●●●●● ●● ●● ●●●● ●●●●● ●●●●●● ●● ●● ●●●● ● ● ●●●●●● ●● ●●● ● ●●● ●● ●●

●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●● ● ●

● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●

●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ●● ●●●●●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●

●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ●●● ● ● ● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●

●●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●● ●● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●●●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●●●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ●● ●●●●●● ●● ●● ●●

●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●● ●● ●●●●●● ●● ●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●

●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●

●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●● ●●● ●●●● ●●●● ●●● ●●●● ●●● ● ● ●●● ●●●● ●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ● ● ●● ●●● ●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ● ●● ●● ●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●● ● ●●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●● ●● ● ● ● ● ●

●● ●●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●

●●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ●

● ●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●

●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●●●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●●●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ●● ● ●● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●● ●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●●●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ●●●● ● ● ● ●

● ● ●●●● ● ● ●● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●

●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●● ●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●●● ●●●●●●● ● ●● ●● ●● ●● ● ●● ● ● ●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●● ●●● ●●● ●●● ●●● ●●● ●●● ●●● ●●● ●●● ●●●● ●● ●●●●●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●

● ●● ●● ●● ● ● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●

●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●●●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ●

●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●●●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●

●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●● ●●●●●● ●● ●● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●●●●●●●● ● ● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●

●●●●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ●

● ●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ●● ●● ● ● ●

●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ● ●● ●● ● ● ●● ● ●● ●● ●●

●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ●● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ●●●

● ●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ●●

●

● ●● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●

● ●

●● ●●● ● ● ● ● ●

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●

●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●● ●●●● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ●

●

●

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●

● ●● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●● ●

● ●● ●

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●● ●

● ●

●● ●● ● ●

● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

●

●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●

2011 2012 2013

050

100

150

200

Memento−Datetime

URIs

●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●● ● ●●●● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●● ● ●●●● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●● ● ●●●● ●● ● ●●●●●● ● ●●●● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●● ●●●● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●●●●●●●●● ●●●● ●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●● ●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●● ●●● ●●●●●●●●●● ●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●● ●●●●● ●●●●●●●● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●● ● ●●●● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●● ●● ●●●●●●●● ●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ●●● ●●●● ● ●●●●●●●● ●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ● ● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●● ●●●●●● ●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●● ● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●● ● ●●●●●●●● ●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●● ● ●●●●●●●●● ●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●● ● ●●●●●●●● ●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●● ● ●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●●●● ●●●●●●●● ●● ●● ●●●● ●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●● ●●●●●●●● ●● ●●●●●●●● ●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●●●●●●● ●●●● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ●● ●●●●●●● ●● ●●●●●● ●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●● ●●● ●● ●●● ● ●●●● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●

● ● ●● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●● ● ●●●● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●● ●●●●●●●● ●●● ●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●● ●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●● ● ● ●● ● ● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ● ● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●

●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●● ●● ● ● ● ● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●● ●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●● ●● ● ● ● ● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●● ●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●● ●● ●● ● ● ● ● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●● ●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●● ●● ● ● ● ● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●●● ●●● ●●● ●●● ●●●● ●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●● ●● ●● ● ● ● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●● ●● ● ● ● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●● ●● ●● ●●● ●● ●●●●●●●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●● ●● ● ● ●● ● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●● ● ● ● ● ●● ●● ●● ●● ● ●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●● ●● ● ● ● ● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●● ● ●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●● ●● ●● ● ● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●● ●●● ●● ●● ●●●●●●●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●● ●● ●● ● ● ● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●●●●●●● ●●● ●●● ●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●● ●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●● ● ●● ● ●●●●● ●●●●●●● ●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ●●●●●●● ●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●● ●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●● ●●●●● ●●● ●● ● ●●●●● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●●●●●●●●● ●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●● ● ●●●● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●●●● ●●●● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ● ●●●●●●●● ●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●● ●●● ● ●●●● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●● ●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●● ●●●●● ●●●● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●● ●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ●●●● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●● ●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●● ●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●● ●● ● ● ● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●● ●● ●●●●●●● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●● ●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ●● ●● ● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●● ● ●●●●●● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●● ● ●● ●● ●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●● ●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●

●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●

●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●

● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●● ● ●●●● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●●● ●●● ● ●●●● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●● ●● ●● ●●●● ●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●● ●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●● ●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●● ● ●●●● ●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●● ●●●●● ●●●● ● ●●●● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●● ●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●● ●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●● ●●●● ● ●●●● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ●● ●● ●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●● ●● ●●● ●●● ●●●●●●● ●● ●●● ●●● ●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●● ● ● ●●●● ● ● ●● ● ●●●●● ● ● ●● ● ●●●●●● ●●●● ●●●●●● ● ●●●●●● ●●●● ●●●●●● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●● ● ●● ● ● ● ●● ●● ● ● ● ●● ●●● ●●●●●●● ●● ●●●●● ●●●●●●● ●● ●●●● ● ●● ● ●● ● ●● ●● ● ●● ● ●● ● ●● ●●●●●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ● ●●●●●● ●●●●● ●●●●●● ●●●●● ●●●●●● ●●●●●●●● ●● ●●●●●● ●●●●●●●● ●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●● ● ●● ●● ●●●●●●● ● ●● ●● ●●●●●●● ● ●●●●● ●● ●●●●●●●● ●● ●● ● ●●● ● ●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●● ●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ●●● ●● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ●●● ● ● ● ● ●●● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●● ●● ●● ●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●● ●● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ●●●●● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ● ●●● ● ● ●● ● ●●● ● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●● ●● ● ●●●●●● ●●● ●● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●● ● ●● ● ●● ● ●●●● ●● ● ●●●● ●● ●●●●●●●● ● ●●●●●●●● ● ●● ●●●●●●●● ●● ● ●●● ●●●●●●●● ●● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ●●●● ● ●● ● ●●●● ●●● ●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ●●●● ●● ● ● ●●●●● ●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●● ● ●●● ●●● ● ●●● ● ●●●●● ●● ●●●● ● ●●●●● ●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●● ●● ●● ●● ●●●● ●● ●● ●● ●●● ● ● ●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●● ●● ● ●●●● ●●●●●●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ● ●●● ● ●●● ● ● ●●●●●● ●●● ●●● ●●●● ●●●●●● ●●● ●●● ●●●● ● ● ●●●●● ●● ●●● ● ● ●●●●● ●● ●●● ●● ● ● ●● ●●●●● ●● ● ● ●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●● ●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●● ●● ●●● ●● ●● ●● ● ● ●●●●●●●● ● ●● ● ● ●●●●●●●● ● ●● ●●● ● ●● ● ●● ●● ●●● ● ●● ● ●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ● ●●●● ● ●●●●●●●●●●● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ●●●● ●●● ●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●● ● ● ● ●●●●●●● ●● ● ●● ● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●● ●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●● ● ●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●● ●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ●●● ●●●●● ●●● ●●● ● ●●●●●● ● ●●●●● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●● ● ●● ●●●● ●●●●● ● ●● ●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●● ● ● ● ●●●● ●● ● ● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●● ●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●● ●● ●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●● ●● ●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ● ●● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●● ● ● ● ●● ●●● ●●●● ●●●● ●●●● ●● ● ● ●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●● ● ●●● ●● ●●●●●●●● ● ●●● ●● ●●●●● ●●● ● ● ● ●● ●●● ● ● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●● ●● ● ● ●●●●● ● ●● ● ●●●● ●●●●●● ● ●● ● ●●●● ●●● ●● ●●● ● ●● ●● ●●● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ●● ● ● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ●●● ●●● ● ●●● ●● ● ●●●●●●●●●● ●●●●●● ● ●●●● ● ● ●● ●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ● ● ●● ● ● ●● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●●● ●●●●●●●●● ●●● ●●●● ● ●●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ● ●● ●● ●● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●● ●●●●● ●●●●●●●●● ●● ●●● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●● ●● ●●● ● ●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●●

2011 2012 2013 2014

0100

200

300

400

500

Memento−Datetime

URIs

● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●

● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●

● ●● ● ●● ●●

● ●● ● ●● ●●

● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●

● ●● ● ●● ●

● ●● ● ●● ●●

● ●● ● ●● ●●

● ●● ● ●● ●●

● ●● ● ●● ●●

● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●

● ●● ● ●● ●●

● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●

● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●

● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●●● ●● ●● ●●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ●●● ● ●● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ●● ● ●● ●●

● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●

● ●● ● ●● ●●

● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●

● ● ●● ●●

● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●

● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●

● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●

● ● ●● ●●● ● ●● ●●● ● ●● ●●

● ● ●● ●●● ● ●● ●●● ● ●● ●●● ● ●● ●●● ● ●● ●●● ● ●● ●●● ● ●● ●●● ● ●● ●●

● ● ●● ●●

● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●

● ●● ● ●● ●●

● ●● ● ●● ●●

● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●

● ●● ● ●● ●●

● ●● ● ●● ●●

● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●

● ●● ● ●● ●●

●● ●● ● ●● ●●●● ●● ● ●● ●●

● ●● ● ●● ●●● ● ● ●● ●●

● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●

● ●● ● ●● ●●

● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●

● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●

● ●● ● ●● ●●

● ●● ● ●● ●●

● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●

● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●

● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●

● ●● ● ●● ●●

● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●

● ●● ● ●● ●●

● ●● ● ●● ●●

● ●● ● ●● ●●

● ●● ● ●● ●●

● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●

● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●

● ●● ● ●● ●●

● ●● ● ●● ●●

● ●● ● ●● ●●

● ●● ● ●● ●●

● ●● ● ●● ●●

● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ●● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●

● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●

● ●● ● ●● ●●

● ●● ● ●● ●●

● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●● ● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●● ● ●● ●●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●● ● ●● ●●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●

● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●

● ● ●● ●●

● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●

● ●● ● ●● ●●

● ●● ● ●● ●●

● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●

● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●

● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●

● ●● ● ●● ●●

● ●● ● ●● ●●

● ●● ● ●● ●●

● ●● ● ●● ●●

● ●● ● ●● ●●

● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●

● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●●● ● ●● ●●

● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●

● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●● ●● ● ●● ●●●● ●● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ● ●

● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●

● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●

● ●● ● ●● ●●

● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●

● ●● ● ●● ●●

● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●

● ●● ● ●● ●●

● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●

● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●

● ●● ● ●● ●●● ●● ● ●● ●●

Dec 05 Dec 12 Dec 19 Dec 26 Jan 02 Jan 09 Jan 160

5010

015

020

025

0

Memento−Datetime

UR

Is

EgyptRevoluVonandPoliVcs

HumanRightsApril16Archive VirginiaTechShooVng

JasmineRevoluVon2011 WikileaksDocumentRelease72

We received 23 stories for 10 Archive-It collecHons

SPSTis“SlidingPage,SlidingTime”SPFTis“SlidingPage,FixedTime”FPSTis“FixedPage,SlidingTime” 73

Remember my hand-craOed stories?

74

Remember my hand-craOed stories?

75