©  2015    Chemistry  Ma2ers  Inc. 1  Alberta  Ins-tute  of  Agrologists  -­‐  Grande  Prairie  Local  Chapter

Making  environmental  data  meaningful  

Arsonous  Wildfire  and  Petroleum  Forensics  Case  Studies  -­‐  Principles  and  Case  Studies.  Court  Sandau,  PhD,  PChem  Nov.  17,  2015  –  Grande  Prairie,  Alberta  

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Compounds  in  Petroleum  Hydrocarbon  Mixtures  

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How many compounds are in….

•  The   atmospheric   aerosol   from   a   coniferous  forest?  

 •  The  vola-le  frac-on  of  roasted  coffee  beans?  

•  CigareCe  smoke?    

•  Crude  oil?    

•  50  compounds  (Kallio,  2006)    

•  1,000  compounds  (Mondello,  2004)    

•  6,000  compounds  (van  Mispelaar,  2005)    

•  7,500-­‐10,000  compounds  (Dalluge,  2002)  •  17,000+    

Complexity of PHCs

3 3 Alberta  Ins-tute  of  Agrologists  -­‐  Grande  Prairie  Local  Chapter

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Normal PHC Measurements? (Compounds with guidelines)

•  Benzene,  toluene,  ethyl-­‐benzene,  xylenes  •  Petroleum   hydrocarbon   frac-ons   F1,   F2,   F3,  and  F4  

•  Polycyclic  aroma-c  hydrocarbons  (PAHs)    

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Complexity? Conventional GC Analysis

Unresolved Complex Matter

Nelson et al. Environmental Forensics, 7:33–44, 2006

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Straight chained alkanes PAHs

Biomarkers

The rest

5

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Specific Petroleum Biomarkers

•  Adamantanes •  Sesquiterpanes •  Diamantanes •  Steranes •  Hopanes

Gasoline/Heavy Naphtha Kerosene/Jet A /Diesel 1

Diesel 2 / Fuel 2 Bunker C

Lube Oil

Alberta Institute of Agrologists - Grande Prairie Local Chapter 6

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Two-Dimensional Gas Chromatography

Nelson et al. Environmental Forensics, 7:33–44, 2006

7 Alberta  Ins-tute  of  Agrologists  -­‐  Grande  Prairie  Local  Chapter 7

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Middle East Crude Oil Investigation

Alkyl  Phenanthrenes/Anthracenes

Alkyl  Naphthalenes Alkyl  Benzenes

Alkanes

8 Alberta  Ins-tute  of  Agrologists  -­‐  Grande  Prairie  Local  Chapter 8

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Local Supply of Shell Diesel

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Comparison of Gasolines Esso

Shell

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Chemistry Matters Inc. Alberta  Ins-tute  of  Agrologists  -­‐  Grande  Prairie  Local  Chapter 10 ©  2015    Chemistry  Ma2ers  Inc.