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RED TEMÁTICA –ELECTRICIDAD: REDES ELÉCTRICAS INTELIGENTES
Ph.D. Juan Manuel GersPRESIDENTE
Cuidad de Panamá , PanamáSeptiembre, 2016
Table of Contents
• Introduction
• Smart Grid Fundamentals
• Integration of Renewable Energy using Smart Grids
• Information and Communication in Smart Grids
• Smart Grid around the world
• Challenges and recommendation for Latin American
• Conclusions
Smart Grid Fundamentals
WHAT IS THE SMART GRID?
Defining the Smart Grid is in itself tricky business. Select six stakeholders and you will likely get at least six
definitions.
"is an electrical grid that uses computers and other technology to gather and act on information, such as information about the behaviors of suppliers and consumers, in an automated fashion to improve the efficiency, reliability, economics, and sustainability of the production and distribution of electricity.”.
Smart grid, as defined
by the Department of Energy
Smart Grid
Smart Meters
Smart Generation Smart Feeders
Smart SubstationSmart Transmission
Some advantages:
• Enhancing Reliability• Improving System Efficiency• Allow the integration of Distributed Energy
Resources• Possibility of two-way communication with
customers• Optimizing Asset Utilization and Efficient
Operation• Encourage Energy Demand Management
Smart Grid Fundamentals
Some barriers:
• Costs• Regulatory Barriers• Lack of Open Standards
Modernization of the electrical grid
Communication Architecture
Power System Architecture
Asset management Application
AMI Application
FLISR Application
ITArchitecture
… N Application
Articulation here is required!
Smart Grid Methodology
Integration tool:
Utility components
Distribution
Operation
Transmission
Operation
Generation
Operation
Market Operation
Project 1
Project 2
Project 3
… Project N
Time
Smart Grid Fundamentals
Maturity Model
Smart Grid Fundamentals
Smart Grid Maturity Model – Levels
Strategy, Mgmt & Regulatory
SM
R Vision, planning, governance, stakeholder collaboration
Organization and Structure
OS
Culture, structure, training, communications, knowledge mgmt
Grid Operations
GO
Reliability, efficiency, security, safety, observability, control
Work & Asset Management
WA
M Asset monitoring, tracking & maintenance, mobile workforce
Technology
TEC
H IT architecture, standards, infrastructure, integration, tools
Customer
CU
ST Pricing, customer participation &
experience, advanced services
Value Chain Integration
VC
I Demand & supply management, leveraging market opportunities
Societal & EnvironmentalS
E
Responsibility, sustainability, critical infrastructure, efficiency
Smart Grid Maturity Model – Levels
PIONEERINGBreaking new ground; industry-leading innovation
Optimizing smart grid to benefit entire organization; may reach beyond organization; increased automation
Investing based on clear strategy, implementing first projects to enable smart grid (may be compartmentalized)
Taking the first steps, exploring options, conducting experiments, developing smart grid vision
Default level (status quo)
Integrating smart grid deployments across the organization, realizing measurably improved performance
SGMM at a Glance
5
4
3
2
10 SMR
Strategy, Management, & Regulatory
OSOrganization & Structure
GOGrid Operations
WAMWork & Asset Management
TECHTechnology
CUSTCustomer
VCIValue Chain Integration
SESocietal & Environmental
8 Domains: Logical groupings of smart grid related characteristics
6 Maturity Levels: Defined sets of characteristics and outcomes
175 Characteristics: Features you would expect to see at each stage of the smart grid journey
Point Range Meaning
≥ 0.70 Green reflects level compliance within the domain
≥ 0.40 and < 0.70 Yellow reflects significant progress
< 0.40 Red reflects initial progress
= 0 Grey reflects has not started
Compass results: dashboard
Level
5 0,20 0,47 0,15 0,00 0,60 0,20 0,37 0,304 0,23 0,00 0,20 0,15 0,45 0,37 0,23 0,403 0,28 0,65 0,53 0,39 0,70 0,49 0,53 0,332 0,55 0,68 0,93 1,00 0,80 0,82 0,73 0,761 0,90 0,80 0,94 0,77 0,88 0,60 0,72 0,380 1,00 1,00 1,00 1,00 1,00 1,00 1,00 1,00
North South Electric Power Current
Work & Asset Management
Societal & Environmental
CustomerOrganization & Structure
Strategy, Management &
Regulatory
Grid Operations
Technology Value Chain Integration
1 1
2 2
3
0
2
0
NSEP today
Compass results: maturity profile
Case Study Compass results
Methodology to define the Road map
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
Step 4
Step 5
Step 6 Step 7 Step 8
Step 9
Utility’s current status
Vision-GoalsStrategic Roadmap
State-of-the-Art Smart Grid Topics
Utility’s future status
Maturity Model
Maturity Model
Evaluation of current status
Evaluation of future status
Gap Analysis
List of requirements
Selection of solutions Cost/Benefit
Analysis
Revision of requirements and solutions
Identified solutions
List of Business Needs
Business Cases
Use Cases
Detailed user’s requirements
Technical specifications
Final Report
Description of user’s requirements
Development of user’s requirements
Evaluation of standards, technologies and best practices
Development of technical specifications
IntelliGrid Methodology
Smart Grid Fundamentals
Source: http://www.renesas.eu/ecology/eco_society/smart_grid/
Maturity Model
Maturity Level
Characteristics
Integration Challenges
Technical
Physical
•Distributed Generation Integration •Microgrids Integration •Short Circuit Current and Protection•Energy Storage Integration •Energy Vehicle Integration
System Challenges •Security of Energy Supply•Frequency Control •Voltage Control
Market and Regulatory Challenges
System integration – IEEE Std 1547
System integration – IEEE Std 1547
IEEE Std 1547™-2003 - IEEE Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems
• IEEE Std 1547a™-2014 (Amendment to IEEE Std 1547™-2003)
IEEE Std 1547.1™-2005 - IEEE Standard Conformance Test Procedures for Equipment Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems
• IEEE Std 1547.1a™-2015 (Amendment to IEEE Std 1547.1™-2005)
IEEE Std 1547.2™-2008 - IEEE Application Guide for IEEE Std 1547™, IEEE Standard for Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems
IEEE Std 1547.3™-2007 - IEEE Guide for Monitoring, Information Exchange, and Control of Distributed Resources Interconnected with Electric Power Systems
IEEE Std 1547.4™-2011 - IEEE Guide for Design, Operation, and Integration of Distributed Resource Island Systems with Electric Power Systems
IEEE Std 1547.6™-2011 - IEEE Recommended Practice for Interconnecting Distributed Resources with Electric Power Systems Distribution Secondary Networks
IEEE Std 1547.7™-2013 - IEEE Guide for Conducting Distribution Impact Studies for Distributed Resource Interconnection
P1547.8/D8, Jul 2014 - IEEE Draft Recommended Practice for Establishing Methods and Procedures that Provide Supplemental Support for Implementation Strategies for Expanded Use of IEEE Standard 1547
What is Interoperability?
IEEE 2030 – 2011: “Interoperability is the capability of two or more networks, systems, devices, applications, or components to externally exchange and readily use information securely and effectively.”
Smart Grid interoperability provides the ability to communicate effectively and transfer meaningful data, even though they may be using a variety of different information systems over widely different infrastructures, sometimes across different geographic regions and cultures.
IT on Smart Grid
The Problem
“Everyone speaks his own language”
There is a lot of Information exchange formats. This makes hard the sharing data between different companies, and very costly the software maintenance and upgrade.
It’s necessary to unify the way that companies represent the data for different applications.
IT on Smart Grid
IT on Smart Grid
2
1nnConverters
n Converters
PSSEEMTP
SCADA
GIS
Asset Management
Event Log
Enterprise Bus + Exchange Format CIM
EMTP
SCADA
GIS
Asset Management
Event Log
PSSE
IT on Smart Grid
Renewable Energy Policy Status in Latin America
COUNTRY
Renewable
energy targets
REGULATORY POLICIES FISCAL INCENTIVESAND PUBLIC FINANCING
Feed-in
tariff /
premium
payment
Electric
utility quot
a obligation / RPS
Net meterin
g
Biofuels obligation/ mandate
Heat
obligation/ mandate
Tradable REC
Tendering
Capital
subsidy,
grant, or
rebate
Investment
or production tax credit
s
Reductions in sales,
energy, CO2,
VAT, or other taxes
Energy production
payment
Public
investment, loans,
or grant
s
Argentina O O O R O OBarbados O O N O N O OBelize O O O Brazil O O R ON O O O O OChile O O O N O O O O OColombia O N O O Costa Rica O R N O N O O ODominican Republic O O O N R NEcuador O O O O O El Salvador O O O O OGuatemala O O O O O OGuyana O O O O Haiti O O O OHonduras O O N O O O O Jamaica O O O O O OMexico O O O O O ONicaragua O O O O O Panama O O O O O Paraguay O O O O Peru O O O O O Trinidad y Tobago O O Uruguay O O O O O O
O - Existing national (could also include state/provincial)ON - Existing state/provincial (but no national)R - RevisedN - New
Source: REN21. Annual Reporting on Renewables: Ten years of excellence. (2015).
Opportunities in Latin AmericaCountry DescriptionArgentina Energía Argentina S.A. (ENARSA) are implementing for several years actions to obtain an active
monitoring of equipment associated with the transmission system. They have implemented the Distributed Generation Program created to respond to the challenge of the development of Smart Grids in the Argentine country. Moreover, the largest distribution of electricity called EDENOR has implemented a number of technologies to achieve an intelligent management of the power grid.
Brazil Smart Grid has become in one of the most important concepts in the Brazilian energy sector, since the topic drive many policies that are aligned with the economic growth of the country. In 2010, many Brazilian utilities started a deep study in Smart Grids, in order to prepare and manage their investment in new infrastructures, research and development and the grid modernization. In 2020, Brazil government want to expand the Smart Grid concept in their electrical grid. Companies like Companhia Energética do Ceará (COELCE) or Centrais Elétricas de Santa Catarina S.A. (CELESC) have been focused on Smart Metering.
Chile Chilean Energy system was one of the first in Latin America that regulated the participation of Smart Grids and the integration of Renewable Energy Technologies. The Chilean government has defined an energy strategy stated in the “Estrategia Nacional de Energía 2012-2030” published by the Ministerio de Energía on February 2012, which indicates the development of distributed generation, smart metering technologies (focusing on Net Metering) and smart grids as a target. The company Chilectra has started in 2011 the first project of smart metering in Santiago. Santiago is actually one of the first cities in Latin America supporting the diffusion of smart grid technologies, which are key to the development of more sustainable energy systems. The Smart City Santiago project consists in providing state of the art technologies.
Opportunities in Latin AmericaCountry DescriptionColombia The definition of Smart Grids Vision 2030 Colombia was structured, a document which was done
by the Mining-Energy Planning Unit (UPME) that includes not only the challenges that must be faced by the country in order to implement this Smart Grid vision, but also the tasks and requirements that must be carried out. There are AMI projects developed by EPSA, Emcali and Electricaribe using the PLC technology. Law 1715 was implemented in 2014, which establishes the legal framework and instruments for the use of non-conventional energy sources (especially those from renewable sources). At the end of 2010, XM, CNO, CAC, COCIER, CIDET and CINTEL promoted the creation of COLOMBIA INTELIGENTE in order to promote the development of the electrical sector under the concept of Smart Grids.
Costa Rica The eight biggest distribution local companies applied the Maturity Model of the Software Engineering Institute. The application of the methodology helps to evaluate and diagnose the current situation of electricity companies, as well as the aspiration for the future and the development of a roadmap for the implementation of intelligent solutions in electrical service. These was done with the support of the CECACIER and CRUSA.
Mexico The Smart Grids development in the Mexico incorporates digital technology in each part of the energy system chain. They have facilitated the incorporation of renewable energy to the Mexican energy matrix. The biggest energy company in the country called Federal Electricity Commission (CFE) is carrying out a project to improve the exchange of data in order to monitor and control electrical parameters of the power grid by using wireless technology. The CFE in conjunction with ELSTER Group have invested in an AMI solution to install it into their grid.
Panama The Secretaria Nacional de Energia de Panama (SNE) has acknowledged the importance of the potential of smart grids as an enabler for the National Energy Strategy. The, SNE must conduct a study on the legislative, regulatory and operational actions to progressively adopt smart grids concepts and technologies in the distribution system of Panama.
Challenges and recommendation for Latin American
• Smart Grid vision is already started to be considered in many regulatory and technological aspects in the different countries of Latin America and around the world.
• After the definition of the Smart Grid Road Map, a suitable policy and legislative framework can be developed at the different responsibilities level.
• Smart Grids will allow an easy participation of the new technologies, including all the components associated with distributed generation. Latin American countries have an interesting opportunity to use non-conventional energy resources because the good availability in comparisons with other countries.
• Specific cost-benefits scenarios must be analyzed in the various Latin American situations by the different stakeholders and implemented considering the potential of policy and regulation adaptation.
• The development of smart grids technologies relies on technology interoperability, which is achieved through an adequate standardization.
Conclusions
• Smart Grid implementation process is still an ongoing effort in the whole world. State of arts showed that nothing have been developed completely regarding this topic.
• There are still some open questions about standardization process, selection of smart grid applications and regulatory aspects.
• Latin-American governments must invest in the effort to ease the definition of the energy modernization goals.
• Latin-American countries are already aware about the importance of the Smart Grid implementation in their electric grids. Then, for 2030 it is expected that Latin-American countries at least have defined a Smart Grid vision and a road map developed.
