Made By:Imran Khan Saurabh Gupta

Shreshtha Jaiswal Subash Kumar

*Concept of Ba proposed by Japanese philosopher, Kitaro Nishida and further developed by Shimizu.

*Provides platform & shared space for advancing individual and collective knowledge.

*Shared space can be: Physical (e.g. office, dispersed business space)

Virtual (e.g. email, teleconference)

Mental (e.g. shared experiences, ideas, ideals)

Any combination of the above.

*According to theory of existentialism, Ba is a context which harbours meaning. In other words, Ba is a shared space which serves as foundation for knowledge creation.

*Ba exists at many levels, which may be connected to form a greater ba (known as Basho).

*Levels of Ba:

*Individual

*Team

*Organisation

*Market environment

*Participating in a Ba means to get involved and transcend one’s own limited perspective or boundary.

TYPES OF KNOWLEDGETYPES OF KNOWLEDGE

EXPLICIT TACIT

• Expressible in words and shared in form of data, formulae, manuals, specifications, etc.

• Readily transmittable between individuals formally and systematically.

• Highly personal and hard to formalize, making it difficult to communicate with others.

• Exists in the form of subjective insights, intuitions, hunches, etc.

TACIT KNOWLEDGE DIMENSIONSTACIT KNOWLEDGE DIMENSIONS

TECHNICALTECHNICAL COGNITIVECOGNITIVE

Informal Personal Skills or Crafts. Also referred to as “KNOW-HOW”.

Informal Personal Skills or Crafts. Also referred to as “KNOW-HOW”.

Beliefs, ideals, values, schemata, mental

models. They are deeply ingrained in us and

often take for granted.

Beliefs, ideals, values, schemata, mental

models. They are deeply ingrained in us and

often take for granted.

SECI MODEL

SOCIALIZATION (Tacit-to-Tacit)

EXTERNALIZATION (Tacit to Explicit)

COMBINATION (Explicit-to-Explicit)

INTERNALIZATION (Explicit-to-Tacit)

*Tacit to Tacit (Socialization) - This dimension explains Social interaction as tacit to tacit knowledge transfer, sharing tacit knowledge through face-to-face or share knowledge through experiences. For example, meetings and brainstorm can support this kind of interaction.

*Tacit to Explicit (Externalization) - Between tacit and explicit knowledge by Externalization (publishing, articulating knowledge), 　 developing factors, which embed the combined tacit knowledge which enable its communication. For example, concepts, images, and written documents can support this kind of interaction.

*Explicit to Explicit (Combination) - Explicit to explicit by Combination (organizing, integrating knowledge), combining different types of explicit knowledge, for example building prototypes. Explicit knowledge is collected from inside or outside the organisation and then combined, edited or processed to form new knowledge. The new explicit knowledge is then disseminated among the members of the organization.

*Explicit to Tacit (Internalization) - Explicit to tacit by Internalization (knowledge receiving and application by an individual), enclosed by learning by doing; on the other hand, explicit knowledge becomes part of an individual's knowledge and will be assets for an organization.

*It is the world where individuals share feelings, emotions, experiences and mental model.

*An individual sympathises or further empathises with others, removing the barriers between the self and others.

*It is the primary ba from which the knowledge creation process begins and represents the socialization phase. Physical and face to face experiences are the key to conversion and transfer of tacit knowledge.

*Selecting people with the right mix of specific knowledge and capabilities for a project team, taskforce, or cross-functional team is critical.

*Through dialogue, individual’s mental models and skills are converted into common terms and concepts.

*Two processes operate in concert: individuals share the mental model of others, but also reflect and analyse their own.

*This is the place where tacit knowledge is made explicit, thus it represents the externalization process. Dialogue is key for such conversions; and the extensive use of metaphors is one of the conversion skills required.

*It is a place of interaction in a virtual world instead of real space and time. It represents the combination phase.

*Here, the combining of new explicit knowledge with existing information and knowledge generates and systematises explicit knowledge throughout the organisation.

*The use of online networks, group-ware, documentation and database has been growing rapidly over the last decade, enhancing this conversion process.

*Exercising ba supports the internalisation phase.

*It facilitates the conversion of explicit knowledge to tacit knowledge.

*Focused training with senior mentors and colleagues consists primarily of continued exercises that stress certain patterns and working out of such pattern.

*Rather than teaching based on analysis, learning by continuous self-refinement through on job training or peripheral and active participation is stressed.

*Sharp Corporation

*Toshiba

*Maekawa Seisakusho

*Unique project team to provide flexibility for dynamic resource development.

*Full financial support of headquarters to achieve high quality developments.

*Proposals for Urgent Project Teams can be made by each division.

*A separate, dedicated unit created to transcend the levels of knowledge among the Business Groups and Divisions.

*Sample of 600 leading consumers ranging from students, married and senior citizens created for reviewing the new product concept.

*Prediction of consumer trends with time frame through intensive face-to-face interaction with the focus groups technique to collect large amount of tacit and explicit knowledge.

*Introduced the concept of Ba as a separate division within an organizational structure.

*Toshiba’s vision of ADI’s (Advanced I Strategy) mission:-

•Transfer core technologies to new businesses as well as reintroduce innovation, challenge and speed into management structure.

•Provide new markets & business opportunities in the interactive multimedia field.

*Ba permeated to individuals, teams, individual companies & entire group.

*Arenas where the group grows & innovates such as business domains or markets.

*Ba jointly possessed by customers not dominated by company’s ideas.