Cross.cultural.communications

RAHUL MODASIYARAHUL MODASIYA

EN:130210125069EN:130210125069 PRODUCTION-BPRODUCTION-B

Minorities and the Minorities and the Criminal Justice System System

Cross Cultural CommunicationCross Cultural Communication

What is CultureWhat is Culture

““Beliefs, values, Beliefs, values, patterns of thinking, patterns of thinking, behavior and behavior and everyday customs everyday customs that have been passed that have been passed on from generation to on from generation to generation” (Shusta, generation” (Shusta, p. 19)p. 19)

Or a group or Or a group or community with which community with which we share common we share common experiences that experiences that shape the way we shape the way we understand the world. understand the world.

What is CultureWhat is Culture

It includes groups that we are born It includes groups that we are born into, such as gender, race, or into, such as gender, race, or national origin. It also includes national origin. It also includes groups we join or become part of:groups we join or become part of: For example, we can acquire a new For example, we can acquire a new

culture by moving to a new region, by a culture by moving to a new region, by a change in our economic status, or by change in our economic status, or by becoming disabled.becoming disabled.

CommunicationCommunication Process by which Process by which

information is information is exchanged and exchanged and understood by two understood by two or more people, or more people, usually with the usually with the intent to motivate or intent to motivate or influence behaviorinfluence behavior

Means to share, not Means to share, not "to speak" or "to "to speak" or "to write"write"

Communications ModelCommunications Model

Sender

The Person who sends the message


Sender Encode

To select symbols with which to compose a message


Sender Encode Channel

The carrier or form of communication


Sender Encode Channel Decode

Decoding or translating the message sent is the task of the receiver!


Sender Encode Channel Decode Receiver

The Person who receives the message


Sender Encode Transmit Decode Receiver

FeedbackFeedback

A response by the receiver to the sender’s communication

But, Wait, there’s more!But, Wait, there’s more!


FeedbackFeedbackA response by the receiver to the sender’s communication

Encode Transmit Decode

And MoreAnd More


Encode Transmit Decode

NoiseNoise Any barrier to communication

Culture and CommunicationsCulture and Communications Messages are constructed from Messages are constructed from

culture, or “beliefs, values, patterns culture, or “beliefs, values, patterns of thinking, behavior and everyday of thinking, behavior and everyday customs that have been passed on customs that have been passed on from generation to generation” from generation to generation” (Shusta, P. 97) (Shusta, P. 97)

Both the sender and the receiver use Both the sender and the receiver use their cultural perceptions of encode their cultural perceptions of encode and decode messages.and decode messages.

A little more about perceptionA little more about perception PerceptionPerception = = Process Process

used to sort out the used to sort out the environmentenvironment

Perceptual selectivity Perceptual selectivity = objects/stimuli are = objects/stimuli are screened in or out and screened in or out and then selectedthen selected

-- Certain stimuli Certain stimuli catch catch our our attentionattention

- - We tend to see We tend to see what what we want to see.we want to see.

Perception and CommunicationPerception and Communication Cultural organization Cultural organization = Categorizing = Categorizing

according to our Cultural frame of according to our Cultural frame of referencereference StereotypingStereotyping is the most common form is the most common form

of perceptual organizationof perceptual organization Words can mean different things to Words can mean different things to

different people.different people.

Nonverbal CommunicationNonverbal Communication

Facial expressionFacial expression VoiceVoice MannerismsMannerisms PosturePosture DressDress Sometimes more Sometimes more

believable and forcefulbelievable and forceful

Defined as actions, Defined as actions, behaviors and behaviors and intonation rather than intonation rather than wordswords

What is Cross Cultural What is Cross Cultural Communications?Communications?

High-context and Low-context High-context and Low-context CommunicationCommunication

The degree to which The degree to which senders and senders and receivers rely on receivers rely on factors other than factors other than explicit speech to explicit speech to convey their convey their messages messages

ContextContext

““all the factors which systematically all the factors which systematically determine the form, meaning, determine the form, meaning, appropriateness or translation of appropriateness or translation of linguistic expressions. One can linguistic expressions. One can distinguish between linguistic context distinguish between linguistic context (provided by the preceding utterances (provided by the preceding utterances or text) and non-linguistic context or text) and non-linguistic context (including shared assumptions and (including shared assumptions and information).” (Arnold, D).information).” (Arnold, D).

Understanding the DifferenceUnderstanding the Difference

Low-context Low-context communication:communication: ““My words speak My words speak

for themselves," for themselves," Prefer to be less Prefer to be less

direct, relying on direct, relying on what is implied by what is implied by the communication. the communication.

High-context High-context communicationcommunication Prefer indirect Prefer indirect

messages from messages from othersothers

Verbal and Verbal and nonverbal cues help nonverbal cues help me understand the me understand the meaningmeaning

Different Context – Different Different Context – Different MeaningMeaning

I’m sorry.I’m sorry. What did you What did you

say?say? I’m fine.I’m fine.

Others?Others?

Low Context communicating with Low Context communicating with High ContextHigh Context

““nonverbal messages and gestures may be as nonverbal messages and gestures may be as important as what is said; important as what is said;

status and identity may be communicated status and identity may be communicated nonverbally and require appropriate nonverbally and require appropriate acknowledgement; acknowledgement;

face-saving and tact may be important, and need face-saving and tact may be important, and need to be balanced with the desire to communicate to be balanced with the desire to communicate fully and frankly; fully and frankly;

building a good relationship can contribute to building a good relationship can contribute to effectiveness over time; and effectiveness over time; and

indirect routes and creative thinking are indirect routes and creative thinking are important alternatives to problem-solving when important alternatives to problem-solving when blocks are encountered. “ (LeBarron, M.)blocks are encountered. “ (LeBarron, M.)

High Context communicating with High Context communicating with Low ContextLow Context

““things can be taken at face value rather things can be taken at face value rather than as representative of layers of than as representative of layers of meaning; meaning;

roles and functions may be decoupled roles and functions may be decoupled from status and identity; from status and identity;

efficiency and effectiveness may be efficiency and effectiveness may be served by a sustained focus on tasks; served by a sustained focus on tasks;

direct questions and observations are not direct questions and observations are not necessarily meant to offend, but to clarify necessarily meant to offend, but to clarify and advance shared goals; and and advance shared goals; and

indirect cues may not be enough to get indirect cues may not be enough to get the other's attention” (LeBarron, M.)the other's attention” (LeBarron, M.)

Presentations & Public Speaking

Cross.cultural.communications