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This is a presentation of my research on women leaders.
Citation preview
Women and the American Presidency 1964-2012 with
a look toward the Global
Nichola D. GutgoldPenn State Lehigh Valley
October, 2012
No woman on a major party ticket
What have we learned from past women candidates?
Where are the Women in 2012?
A little-
known governor from
2008 Was Quite A Year
Sarah Who? John McCain’s Running Mate
Video: Palin/Hilary
Over 500 college age women were asked:
“Did the bids of Hillary Clinton and Sarah Palin make you think that a woman would become president in
your lifetime?”
Poll Conducted
The year 1992 was dubbed “The Year of the Woman” because more women were elected to Congress than ever before.
Fifty four women took congressional oaths of office in 1992.
On the heels of the Anita Hill trial women said “we will remember in November” and they did.
The Year of the Woman?
Carol Moseley-Braun
First African American woman elected to the US senate.
Reports that in 1992 people at the Capital mistakenly took her for staff (such as a secretary or cleaning person).
What happened?
Other Women who ranMargaret Chase Smith
(1964)Patricia Schroeder
(1988)Carolyn Moseley Braun
(2004)
Elizabeth Dole (2000)
“After I went to Congress, a student asked me why all our presidents had been white men. I knew why, but the reasons weren't good ones. So I decided to run. I campaigned in 32 states. People looked at me funny. I suffered disappointment, and disillusionment because of my race.”
Ms. Chiz
- Shirley Chisholm after her 1972 bid for the presidency
“People are more sexist than racist”
Margaret Chase Smith
Pat Schroeder
Elizabeth Dole
What is the major obstacle to a woman President?
The fact we have never had a Woman President in the White House makes it
difficult for people to picture it.
A heartbeat away
In 2008 Sarah Palin was the Republican candidate for vice president.
• In 1984 Geraldine Ferraro was the vice presidential candidate on the Democratic ticket.
Previous to 2008 the women who ran for
President were
SYMBOLICCANDIDAT
ES
Candidates need to care about their appearance and style.
“When a man shows feminine qualities it is accepted far more easily than a woman who acts in a male fashion. A woman politician who appears feminine is soon regarded as a little mother. She is not regarded as being decisive. A woman leader must be tough, strong, and caring, all at the same time.”
---Marie Wilson, president of The White House Project
The Politics of Appearance and Style
The first non-symbolic or viable candidate for president who is a woman endured harsh media criticism.
Hillary Clinton
Tee Shirts that read:
Top Ten “Must Haves” for Women Presidential
Candidates
1.Credentials
2. Fundraisin
g
3. Charisma
Video: Democratic Response
4. Assertiveness
5. An Attractive Appearance
6. The Right Look .
7. The Denis Thatcher Spouse
8. Heterosexual Orientation
9. Restraint
10. Rhetorical Finesse
Twenty countries have women presidentsIncluding:
IndiaArgentina
BangladeshAustralia
Costa RicaBrazil
Who Are The Most Powerful Women in the World?
Angela Merkel, Chancellor of Germany as most powerful.
According to 2012 Forbes
Hillary Clinton, US Secretary of State, 2nd
Dilma Rousseff, President of Brazil, 3rd
Melinda Gates, Co-Chair, Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, 4th
Jill Abramson, Executive Editor, New York Times, 5th
Sonia Gandhi
President of the Indian National Congress, 6th
ConclusionsParliamentary systems in other countrieshave allowed for the election of more women to office.
Tough media treatment of women candidatesin the United States may keep more would-becandidates away from the US presidency.
Programs that encourage women to run are helpful.
When we have a critical mass of women willing to run, possessing the “top ten” qualities --- and who beats her opponent --America will have a woman president