HOW DOES ULTRANATIONALISM

DEVELOP?

When Nationalism Becomes Ultranationalism

Hirohito and Tojo in Japan

EMPEROR HIROHITO

PRIME MINISTER TOJO

Hirohito and Tojo in Japan

Emperor Hirohito Seen as a God who is human Revered by the people Largely ceremonial and representational power of the

Japanese Empire, not really involved in political decision-making

General Tojo Strong warrior family traditions Becomes PM and transforms Japan into a military

dictatorship Promised that Japan would dominate Asia militarily

Mussolini in Italy

Benito Mussolini in Italy

Journalist Starts a political party called Fasci, left-

wing socialist party, then turn right-wing Abolish unions and political parties Curbs the power of the press Coup d`ètat in 1922, seizes power of

government State-controlled economy, pulls Italy out

of Great Depression

Hitler in Germany

Adolf Hitler in Germany

Took control of the National Socialist German Workers` Party (NAZI)

Determined to restore German pride and power

Amazing Public Speaker Use of Propaganda Carefully crafted image Becomes German Chancellor,

establishes one-party state

Factors that Develop Ultranationalism

1. Crisis

2. Expansionist National Interests

3. Charismatic Leadership

4. Instilling Ultranationalist Values and Beliefs

Does Crisis Create Ultranationalism or…

Does Ultranationalism Create Crisis?

Crisis Political Crises

Instability and ineffectiveness External threats to the nation

Economic Crises Financial difficulties of the nation and its citizens Hardship

Social Crises Damages to reputation of peoples Humiliation Threats to the nation existence, both political and

military

What Were Nations Facing After WWI?

Political Situation Treaty of Versailles (and other treaties) National Interests Who got what they wanted? Who didn’t?

Economic Situation Great Depression

Social Situation Unemployment Soldiers coming back from war Rebuilding after War

Great Depression

Worldwide economic collapse Oct 29, 1929 New York Stock Exchange

collapses People lost their money as banks folded Companies closed and laid off workers Governments now had to take care of its

citizens, struggled to do so

Great Depression

Great Depression

The Case of Germany Political Crisis

Economic issues plaque government No effective political leadership

Economic Crisis Great Depression Reparation payments (led to high inflation) Lost colonies

Social Crisis Weakened military = Unemployment for soldiers Fewer exports=Increased Unemployment Destroyed sense of nation

The Case of Germany

http://www.joelscoins.com/exhibger2.htm

The Case of Italy Political Crisis

Weak leadership Lack of a response to new realities of the

world, government was stuck in old ways Economic Crisis

Great Depression Massive National Debt (and high inflation)

Spending 3X more than it was making

Social Crisis High Unemployment Growing sense of nationalism / patriotism

The Case of Italy

The Case of Japan Political Crisis

Dissatisfaction with Japan’s professional politicians Emperor and government start to fall under control

of the military Economic Crisis

Following WWI, Japanese cooperation with Allies was key to economic well being

Great Depression, USA stops importing Japanese products – leads to a collapse in their economy

Failure of rice crop in 1932, widespread famine Social Crisis

Military returns to traditional warrior values Extreme patriotism Desire to have an empire (everyone else got to!)

The Case of Japan

How Did the World Respond?

Appeasement – League of Nations – What was its purpose? Why “appeasement”?

Churchill – “The era of procrastination, of half-measures, of soothing and baffling

expedients, of delays, is coming to a close. In its place we are entering a period of consequences”

“An appeaser is someone who feeds a crocodile… hoping it will eat him last.”

Appeasement

Brainstorm Divide up into groups of 4-6

German Citizens Unemployed Men Soldiers High School Students Politicians Women

The Year is 1938 What are your concerns? What are your ideas/wishes for the nation?

Put It Together

What were the main social, political, and

economic concerns your groups came up with? What do you wish to see change in the society

you are a part of? What concerned all of you most?

Put It Together

Could ultranationalism occur in Canada? Identify 3 things that would have to occur in order

for ultranationalism to occur here

Are We In A Recession?

With a group of four, brainstorm the three biggest luxuries in your life that you will be willing to give up

What is one thing you are NOT willing to give up

What is the main difference

between 2009 and 1929?

2009