Ultranationalism: A Cause of Genocide(20-1) Chapter 9: To what extent does ultranationalism contribute extreme acts?

(20-2) Chapter 7: How can ultranationalism lead to crimes against humanity?

What is the difference?

Genocide Ethnic Cleansing

Massacre Racism

Crimes Against Humanity

Us vs Them

War Crimes

Crime?Was the ethnic cleansing of Bosnian Muslims a crime?

Was the dropping of atomic bombs on the cities of Hiroshima and Nagasaki crimes?

Terrible things occur during war. Why do we label such things as crimes?

What are some criteria for what makes an action in war a crime?

Naming the Crime

• Genocide: refers to the killing of members of a national, ethnic, racial, or religious group.

• Crimes against humanity: refers to widespread or systematic attacks against a civilian population

• War Crimes: willful killing torture, or inhumane treatment; willfully causing great suffering.

Consequences of Ultranationalism

Bringing criminals to JUSTICE!

Ie. International Criminal Court, est. 1998/2002

60 countries needed to support (China & USA do not recognize it; fear of political leaders being targeted, fear of enemy officials taking over the courts etc.)

UN funded, but operates independently

International Criminal Tribunal for _______.

The Reckoning: http://www.pbs.org/pov/reckoning/

How has Ultranationalism Caused Crimes Against Humanity?

Ultranationalist beliefs = fertile ground for growth of racism and prejudice, which can lead to crimes against humanity

Ie. Laws supporting ultranationalism = committing crimes against humanity shows people’s loyalty to their nation

Peer pressure [Milgram Experiment]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xOYLCy5PVgM

The 8 Stages of Genocide:1. Classification

2.Symbolism

3.Dehumanization

4.Organization

5.Polarization

6.Preparation

7.Extermination

8.Denial

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IakTrPPMpzQ

Gregory Stanton, President, Genocide Watch: http://www.genocidewatch.org/aboutgenocide/8stagesofgenocide.html

Genocides of the 20th Century

• Bosnia- Herzegovina (1992-1995) – 200,000 deaths • Rwanda (1994) – 800,000 deaths • Khmer Rouge in Cambodia (1975-1979) – 2,000,000

deaths • Nazi Holocaust (1938-1945) – 6,000,000 deaths • Rape of Nanking (1937-1938) – 300,000 deaths • Stalin’s Holodomor (1932-1933) – 7,000,000 deaths • Armenians in Turkey (1915-1918) – 1,500,000 deaths

Questions to be Answered:1. Who? Describe the victims.  Describe the perpetrators. 2. What? What main factors led to the abuses? 3. What ultranationalist policies were used- officially or unofficially? 4. What was the ultranationalist group trying to achieve by committing

genocide?  5. Where? Where did the event occur? 6. When? When did the event take place and when did the world react

to the event? 7. Why? Why did one group resort to policies of genocide?

• Why was it given its name? 8. How? How did the genocide continue without other nations

preventing it or stopping it? 9. To what extent does ultranationalism contribute to such atrocities? 

Review Questions

20-1: Chapters 9

Ideas and Opinions p. 192

Pause and Reflect

p. 195

Voices

#1-3, p. 197-198

Investigation: Genocide in Rwanda

#1-3, p. 201-202

Explore the Issues #2, p. 202

20-2: Chapters 7

Impact

#1-3, p. 160-161

Recall…Reflect…Respond

#1-3, p. 162

Taking Turns p. 169