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Cadenced Flow:A principled approach to
lean-agile organization design
Matt Barcomb
@LeanDog [email protected]
What we’ll cover today...
What is lean-agile?
What is organization design?
What is cadenced flow?
@LeanDog [email protected]
What is lean-agile?
1913 20102003200119951974196019561948 Today
Ford’s FlowProduction
Waterfall forSoftware
Structured Sys.Phase Gate
R.U.P.
Agile Manifesto
Kanban for Knowledge
Work
Toyota Production
System
Crystal CleareXtreme Programming
Scrum
Deming’s Lean Management
Lean Concepts for Software
@LeanDog [email protected]
What is lean-agile?
Manifesto for Agile Software Development
We are uncovering better ways of developing software by doing it and helping others do it.
@LeanDog [email protected]
What is lean-agile?
Individuals & interactions over processes & tools
Working software over comprehensive documentation
Customer collaboration over contract negotiation
Responding to change over following a plan
That is, while there is value to the items on the right,we value the items on the left more.
@LeanDog [email protected]
What is lean-agile?
@LeanDog [email protected]
What is lean-agile?
- See the whole- Embrace optionality- Deliver effectively- Amplify learning- Empower people- Build integrity in- Eliminate waste
@LeanDog [email protected]
What is lean-agile?
Scrum
Exploratory Testing
DevOps
Lean PMO Whole teams
Continuous IntegrationPairing
Story MappingLESS
FDD
Crystal
D.A.D.
SAFeATDD
TDD
Kanban
User-centered Design
methods & practices
? Questions
@LeanDog [email protected]
@LeanDog [email protected]
What is organization design?
Intentionally influencing a social system
so that its processes and structures,
both explicit and implicit,
are better aligned to achieve desired outcomes.
? Questions
@LeanDog [email protected]
@LeanDog
Cadenced Flow is not…● A methodology● A set of practices
What is Cadenced Flow?
Cadence Flow is... LeanDog’s approach for:● Designing organizational optimizations● Applying lean-agile methodologies & practices● Partnering with organizations to improve
@LeanDog
Cadence Flow’s Derived Principles:
- Evolutionary - Fast Feedback- Evidence-based - Humanistic- Pragmatic - Seeing the whole- Contextual - Adaptive- Always Improve - Optionality
What is Cadenced Flow?
@LeanDog [email protected]
What is Cadenced Flow?
Work, Flow & Metrics
Work Breakdown& Specification
TechnicalPractices
(…)
TeamworkCadence &
Improvement
Multi-teamCoordination
Flow-basedRoad Mapping
StrategyDesign
StrategyDeployment
People-focusedTalent Development
Product/ServiceOrientationService-driven
Sales & Marketing
PortfolioPlanning &
Prioritization
Value-basedOrganization Design
InternalCoaching
Product Design &Definition
Optimization Themes
? Questions
@LeanDog [email protected]
@LeanDog [email protected]
You are here...
Work, Flow & Metrics
Work Breakdown& Specification
TechnicalPractices
(…)
TeamworkCadence &
Improvement
Multi-teamCoordination
Flow-basedRoad Mapping
StrategyDesign
StrategyDeployment
People-focusedTalent Development
Product/ServiceOrientationService-driven
Sales & Marketing
PortfolioPlanning &
Prioritization
Value-basedOrganization Design
InternalCoaching
Product Design &Definition
Optimization Themes
@LeanDog [email protected]
Teamwork, Cadence & Improvement
Pairing
- Increase quality- Increase productivity- Knowledge transfer
- Switch pairs often- Consider personalities- Discuss goals- Try pomodoros
@LeanDog [email protected]
Teamwork, Cadence & Improvement
Mobbing/Swarming
- Mob: single piece flow- Swarm: facilitated focus
- Improve maintainability- Share understanding- Focused learning- Team buy-in
@LeanDog [email protected]
Teamwork, Cadence & Improvement
Team Skills Heatmap
Ski
lls(te
ch, b
iz, o
rg, s
oft,
etc…
)
Team membersCan teach
Don’t haveNeed to pairSolo with reviewsSolo on advanced
InterestedNeutralNot interested:(
:|:)
:)
:)
:|
:(
:| :( :)
:| :( :(
:) :):)
:) :| :)
@LeanDog [email protected]
Teamwork, Cadence & Improvement
Success Rituals & Cadence
Ritual/Activity Cadence/Timing
Planning
CoordinationDemonstrationImprovement
(etc…etc…etc…)Measurement
3 weeks, MonJIT: limit 5Weekly, Fri
Mon. 30min AM Thur 60min PM
Tue-Fri, 10min 9am
(etc…etc…etc…)
@LeanDog [email protected]
Teamwork, Cadence & Improvement
Team Norms& Agreements
[Team Name]
[list of agreements]
[Member List]
[Date]
[list of experiments]
- Requires team safety- Do not weaponize- Group consensus- Review on a cadence- Trial new ideas
@LeanDog [email protected]
Teamwork, Cadence & Improvement
Evidence-based Improvement
Problem
Observe/Sense
Stakeholders
Context
Options
Simplify
Amplify
Modify
Try
MeasureTimeboxPeople
? Questions
@LeanDog [email protected]
@LeanDog [email protected]
Work, Flow & Metrics
Work Breakdown& Specification
TechnicalPractices
(…)
TeamworkCadence &
Improvement
Multi-teamCoordination
Flow-basedRoad Mapping
StrategyDesign
StrategyDeployment
People-focusedTalent Development
Product/ServiceOrientationService-driven
Sales & Marketing
PortfolioPlanning &
Prioritization
Value-basedOrganization Design
InternalCoaching
Product Design &Definition
Optimization Themes
You are here...
@LeanDog [email protected]
Work, Flow & Metrics
Stories =
software
deliverable Chores = technical
deliverable
Research =
timeboxed learningoutcome
Kinds of Deliverables
@LeanDog [email protected]
Work, Flow & Metrics
Consumers & Categories
ProductsInitiativesProjects
SupportWarranty
Maint.
EmergencyInteruptExpedite
Competingpriorities
CYA
@LeanDog [email protected]
Work, Flow & Metrics
End to End Visual Workflow
ReadyFor work Development Testing Deploy In UseAnalysis Design
←BLOCKED→
←EXPEDITE→
Category
In Scope Date
Start DateEnd Date
Block Reason
Block Duration
← → Entry/Exit
Criteria
← → Entry/Exit
Criteria
@LeanDog [email protected]
Work, Flow & Metrics
Key Metrics: Systemic Blockers
Block Reason
# of
car
ds
dura
tion
@LeanDog [email protected]
Work, Flow & Metrics
Key Metrics: Cycle Time
Days to complete
# of
car
ds
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
50%75%
95%
@LeanDog [email protected]
Work, Flow & Metrics
Key Metrics: Probabilistic Forecast
Week of year
# of
car
ds
? Questions
@LeanDog [email protected]
@LeanDog [email protected]
Work, Flow & Metrics
Work Breakdown& Specification
TechnicalPractices
(…)
TeamworkCadence &
Improvement
Multi-teamCoordination
Flow-basedRoad Mapping
StrategyDesign
StrategyDeployment
People-focusedTalent Development
Product/ServiceOrientationService-driven
Sales & Marketing
PortfolioPlanning &
Prioritization
Value-basedOrganization Design
InternalCoaching
Product Design &Definition
Optimization Themes
You are here...
@LeanDog [email protected]
Work Breakdown & Specification
Benefits of smaller work
Reduce Rework
Improve Predictability
Increase Maintainability
Decrease Information Degradation
Improve Product Validation
@LeanDog
Story
Capability
MVPBusiness ValuableReleasableCapability Set
Release
Least amount of software that is testable and deployable
Fewest number of stories that are useful to someone
Fewest capabilities that improve business value and can be economically released
A deployment activity that has an internal and external cost
Work Breakdown & Specification
@LeanDog [email protected]
Work Breakdown & Specification
Flowchart Breakdown
Log on Success? HomeScreen
Retry
@LeanDog [email protected]
Work Breakdown & Specification
Scenario Grouping
Log on
Successfulun/pw
Retryun/pw
Forgotun/pw
Resetun/pw
Sign upnew
@LeanDog
Data/Model
Services/Control
Work Breakdown & Specification
Vertical Slicing
User Interface/View
@LeanDog [email protected]
ReadyFor work
Development
Testcases
Done
DetailedAcceptance
Criteria
Work Breakdown & Specification
Collaborative Specification
TestExecution
code
test
test
rework
@LeanDog
Swarm &Accept
ReadyFor work
Development Done
DetailedAcceptance
Criteria
Work Breakdown & Specification
Collaborative Specification
ExploratorySwarm
code
TestcaseCreation
test
Collab.Spec.
valueConvoPlaceholder
@LeanDog [email protected]
Work Breakdown & Specification
Three Amigos Meeting
To Do Verify
Implement
? Questions
@LeanDog [email protected]
@LeanDog [email protected]
Work, Flow & Metrics
Work Breakdown& Specification
TechnicalPractices
(…)
TeamworkCadence &
Improvement
Multi-teamCoordination
Flow-basedRoad Mapping
StrategyDesign
StrategyDeployment
People-focusedTalent Development
Product/ServiceOrientationService-driven
Sales & Marketing
PortfolioPlanning &
Prioritization
Value-basedOrganization Design
InternalCoaching
Product Design &Definition
Optimization Themes
You are here...
@LeanDog [email protected]
Product Design & Definition
Problem/Solution Framing
Selecting Design Targets
Story Mapping
@LeanDog
Problem Canvas
Outcomes:
Stakeholders: Evidence:
Context:
Problem One-Liner Born On Date Last Touched
What results would we like to achieve?If we achieve them, how would we know?
Who outside the organization benefits?
Who inside the organization benefits?
What data or information do we have that shows the outcomes would be useful?
When does this happen? How often does this occur?What knowledge, skills, or tools are needed?What policies or procedures are involved?
@LeanDog
Solution Canvas
Value Pitch:
Success Measures: Organizational Benefit:
Communication & Involvement:
Solution One-Liner Born On Date Last Touched
This needs to be brief and should cover the basics of what, who, and why.
If the outcomes were achieved, how would we know?
What could be measured?
Are there indirect measures?
What benefits would the organization receive?
What is the cost of delay?
What dependencies are there? What expertise is needed?Who is needed for approval? Who else is impacted?
@LeanDog
Persona Structure
Mnemonic Name/Role
Persona Description:(How many represented?)
-Title & Role- Meaningful Demographics- Social Groups- Market Segments- Interests, Hobbies- Experience & Education-Knowledge & Skills
Probable Picture (Hi-fi)
Persona Goals:
- What do they want to do?- How do they want to do it?- How often do they do it?- How risky is it?- What devices are used?- What do they dislike
dealing with?
@LeanDog
Persona SelectionConsider the goals of your product, the release, and your company
Bag of three Top one
@LeanDog
Story Map 2-D Structure
Plausible Usage Scenario Spine
Map
Priority(risk, dependence, learning)
? Questions
@LeanDog [email protected]
@LeanDog [email protected]
Work, Flow & Metrics
Work Breakdown& Specification
TechnicalPractices
(…)
TeamworkCadence &
Improvement
Multi-teamCoordination
Flow-basedRoad Mapping
StrategyDesign
StrategyDeployment
People-focusedTalent Development
Product/ServiceOrientationService-driven
Sales & Marketing
PortfolioPlanning &
Prioritization
Value-basedOrganization Design
InternalCoaching
Product Design &Definition
Optimization Themes
You are here...
@LeanDog [email protected]
Knowable with certainty upfront
Responses to unknowns certain
Flow-based Roadmapping
Spectrum of Domain (Un)certainty
@LeanDog [email protected]
How much will it cost?When will it be done?
Is it a good option to start?Does it make sense to keep going?What would be worked on instead?
Flow-based Roadmapping
Embrace Uncertainty
Sense and respond to manage risk.
@LeanDog [email protected]
Flow-based Roadmapping
ProductDelivery
Horizon
BusinessReadiness
IT Ops& Arch.
Soon Next Current In UseTBD
1222
ExplicitPolicies
ExplicitPolicies
ExplicitPolicies
ExplicitPolicies
ExplicitPolicies
ExplicitPolicies
@LeanDog [email protected]
Flow-based Roadmapping
ProductDelivery
Horizon
BusinessReadiness
IT Ops& Arch.
Soon Next Current In UseTBD
20% 60% 90%Probabilistic Forecast
Percent Churn
Lead Time
? Questions
@LeanDog [email protected]
@LeanDog [email protected]
Work, Flow & Metrics
Work Breakdown& Specification
TechnicalPractices
(…)
TeamworkCadence &
Improvement
Multi-teamCoordination
Flow-basedRoad Mapping
StrategyDesign
StrategyDeployment
People-focusedTalent Development
Product/ServiceOrientationService-driven
Sales & Marketing
PortfolioPlanning &
Prioritization
Value-basedOrganization Design
InternalCoaching
Product Design &Definition
Optimization Themes
You are here...
@LeanDog [email protected]
Portfolio Planning & Prioritization
Prioritization Concepts
Stop using relative importance
Separate cost and benefit analysis
Separate benefit analysisfrom work options analysis
Rank work options using benefit/cost ratio
@LeanDog [email protected]
Only important if greatly different
Learn just enough to get started
Rough cost snap (1,2,3,5,8 team-months)
Portfolio Planning & Prioritization
Considering Cost
Get the right people together
Use past data
@LeanDog [email protected]
Investment strategy
Capacity-based Budget
Portfolio Planning & Prioritization
Portfolio & Budgeting
Long term Needs
Target-based Budget
? Questions
@LeanDog [email protected]
@LeanDog [email protected]
Work, Flow & Metrics
Work Breakdown& Specification
TechnicalPractices
(…)
TeamworkCadence &
Improvement
Multi-teamCoordination
Flow-basedRoad Mapping
StrategyDesign
StrategyDeployment
People-focusedTalent Development
Product/ServiceOrientationService-driven
Sales & Marketing
PortfolioPlanning &
Prioritization
Value-basedOrganization Design
InternalCoaching
Product Design &Definition
Optimization Themes
You are here...
@LeanDog [email protected]
Strategy Deployment
Deployment is not design,it’s a communications technique
Set directional goals and enabling constraints
Empower people closest to the problem to self organize.
@LeanDog [email protected]
Strategy Deployment
Strategic Initiatives
Operational Objectives
Tactical Plan
@LeanDog
CurrentState
Strategy Deployment
Goal &MeasuresObstacles Required
Freedoms
EnablingConstraints
? Questions
@LeanDog [email protected]
@LeanDog [email protected]
Work, Flow & Metrics
Work Breakdown& Specification
TechnicalPractices
(…)
TeamworkCadence &
Improvement
Multi-teamCoordination
Flow-basedRoad Mapping
StrategyDesign
StrategyDeployment
People-focusedTalent Development
Product/ServiceOrientationService-driven
Sales & Marketing
PortfolioPlanning &
Prioritization
Value-basedOrganization Design
InternalCoaching
Product Design &Definition
Optimization Themes
You are here...
@LeanDog [email protected]
Value-based Organization Design
Organizations are complex adaptive systems
Changes have unintended consequencesthat can’t be entirely predicted.
Design interventions using asense and respond approach
@LeanDog [email protected]
Value-based Organization Design
Understand desired outcomes
Visualize the organization'sparts & connections
Map the value stream then overlay
? Questions
@LeanDog [email protected]
@LeanDog [email protected]
What we covered...
Work, Flow & Metrics
Work Breakdown& Specification
TechnicalPractices
(…)
TeamworkCadence &
Improvement
Multi-teamCoordination
Flow-basedRoad Mapping
StrategyDesign
StrategyDeployment
People-focusedTalent Development
Product/ServiceOrientationService-driven
Sales & Marketing
PortfolioPlanning &
Prioritization
Value-basedOrganization Design
InternalCoaching
Product Design &Definition
Optimization Themes
?QuestionsIf you’d like the slides…
…or to discuss something
Please come let us know!or email
@LeanDog