5116 5120.output

* GB785523 (A)

Description: GB785523 (A) ? 1957-10-30

Improvements in or relating to automatic telephone plants

Description of GB785523 (A)

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BE547676 (A) DE1036938 (B) FR1153914 (A) US2871299 (A) BE547676 (A) DE1036938 (B) FR1153914 (A) US2871299 (A) less Translate this text into Tooltip

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PATENT SPECIFICATION Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: May 9, 1956. 785,523 No 14491156. / A Application made in Sweden on May 18, 1955. Complete Specification Published: Oct 30, 1957. Index at Acceptance:-Class 40 ( 4), KI(E 2: J 5: M 7: R 2). International Classification:-H 04 m. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Improvements in or relating to Automatic Telephone Plants We, TELEFONAKTIEBOLAGET L M ERICSSON, a Company organised under the laws of Sweden, of Stockholm 32, Sweden, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:- This invention relates to a connecting device for emitting ringing signals in an automatic telephone plant of the kind comprising

subscriber's lines, cross bar switches, link circuits and registers and a marker, which is set from the registers and sets up communications between the subscriber's lines over operating bars in the cross bar switches The telephone plant is also of the kind where communications are set up by the calling wires of a calling and a called subscriber's line being connected to two metallic conductors pertaining to one of the link circuits By this switching operation it is achieved that the link circuits obtain only one set of terminals, to which both calling and called subscriber's lines are connected This causes simplified switching operations but requires special measures at the emission of ringing signals to the called line so as not to disturb the calling person. This problem has been solved earlier by holding the line relay of the calling subscriber's line until the called person answers. It is an object of the present invention to solve the problem of sending repeated ringing signals to the called subscriber until an answer is obtained without disturbing the calling subscriber. According to the present invention there is provided a connecting device for emitting ringing signals in an automatic telephone plant of the kind comprising subscriber's lines, cross bar switches, single ended link circuits and registers and a marker, which is set from said registers and sets up communications between the subscriber's lines by connecting over operating bars in said cross bar switch the talking wires of a calling and a called lPrice 3 Y 6 d l subscriber's line to two metallic conductors pertaining to one of said link circuits, and links, whereby operating bars for cross bat switches, forming a first selection stage, -interconnect the subscriber's lines with said links, 50 and operating bars for cross bar switches, forming a second selection stage, interconnect the links with said link circuits, said device comprising a partition relay for each of said links, said relay being arranged to be operated 55 by the marker only when a calling subscriber's line is connected to the link over said first selection stage, and arranged to operate a break contact which breaks one talking wire of the communication, and to operate a nrake 60 contact which closes a circuit containing at least one winding on the relay and the loop of the calling subscriber's line for holding the relay in an operated position in dependence on the telephone instrument of the calling sub 65 scriber, a ring trip relay which is arranged to be insensitive to ringing current in each link circuit, circuits in the link circuit, which are arranged to be closed when a calling and a called subscriber's line, each over its link, are 70 connected to the link circuit and connect the talking wire, which is broken by said break contact in the calling link, to a tinging current generator in series with a winding on said ring trip relay, a direct current source

for emitting 75 ringing signals on the called subscriber's line, and contacts on said ring trip relay, which contacts are arranged to be actuated when the loop over the called subscriber's line at answer is closed for direct current, so as to bteak the 80 ringing current, and to switch a circuit causing resetting of the communication over said talking wire which is broken during the ringing signals. For a better understanding of the invention 85 and to show how the same may be carried into effect, reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings in which:Fig 1 shows a survey scheme fot a telephone exchange, 90 Fig 2 shows the line equipment for two subscriber's lines and a register RS, Fig 3 shows above a link Kl O and a link circuit NI and a selector GV 10 connecting them, and below a register REG, and Figs 4-5 show different embodiments for the link and the link circuit in Fig 3. Referring now to the drawings, Fig 1 shows two groups of subscriber's instruments AlA 2 and A 51-A 52 In the first mentioned group each subscriber's line has a selector SL 1-SL 2 For the second group there is a number of selectors SL 20-SL 29 It is of no importance for the invention if a selector per line or line finders may come into use The selectors S Ll-SL 2 connect the subscriber's lines of Al-A 2 to links KIO-KI 9 and selectors GV 10-GV 19 connect the links K 10-K 19 to link circuits N 1-N 40 The line finders SL 20-SL 29 connect the subscriber's lines of A 51-A 52 to the links 120-K 29 and the selector's GV 20-GV 29 connect the links K 20-K 29 to the link circuits N 1-N 40. Further groups of subscribers may over links be connected to the link circuits NI-N 40. In the Figure is further shown a group of junction lines F 1-F 2 having line equipments T 1-T 2, which over selectors FL 1-FL 2 are connected to links K 30-K 39 The links K 30-K 39, which have no relay sets, are connected over selectors GV 30-GV 39 to the link circuits NI-N 40 The link circuits are divided into two groups N 1-N 20 and N 21N 40 Each group of link circuits contains definite number of link circuits, e g 20, and the number of groups of link circuits may be increased, if the number of subscriber's groups is increased, by dividing the number of links per subscriber's group into more groups. The number of links per subscriber's group may be varied according to the need of the traffic The number of link circuits per group is determined by the capacity of the selectors GV Each group of lines has access to a number of registers REG and REGF, respectively, over register selectors RS and RSF For each group of lines there is furthermore an identifier D 1-D 3, which after signal from one of the registers transmits the number of the line connected to the register to the marker M A call from the instrument Al causes that the

instrument is connected to a register REG over a register selector RS The subscriber dials the number of the called line, e g A 51 on his dial, whereafter the register is connected to the marker M and emits a signal to the identifier Dl, which transmits the number of the instrument Al to the marker M At the same time the called number is transmitted from the register REG to the marker M and then the marker selects a link circuit, e g Ni and two links, e g KIO and K 20, set the selectors S Li and GV 10 and SL 20 and GV 20 so that a communication is obtained from Al over SLI, K 10, GVIO, NI, GV 20, K 20 and SL 20 to A 51. Figs 2-3 show a detailed switching operation within a private branch exchange having 2-digit subscriber's numbers Each subscriber's line, e g Li, has a line relay L Rl 70 and a selector S Li consisting of an operating bar in a cross bar switch having an operating magnet BI For the register connection a special system has been applied, viz that the line relays LRI, LR 2 and so on pertaining to 75 the same tens number, form a chain, in which only one relay at a time may be operated For each tens number there is one position in the multiple of the register unit RS The result of this is that within each tens only one sub 80 scriber at a time may be connected to a register, which means a small disadvantage but in return gives rise to saving in the register unit and simplifications of the identifying of the number of a calling instrument The relays TIO-T 17 85 and T 20-T 27 in Fig 2 form an identifying device. When a subscriber calls from the instrument Al in Fig 2 the following circuit is closed: +, contacts 223, 114, 11 and 18, the line L 1 90 and the instrument Al, contacts 19 and 13, the winding on the line relay LR 1, to minus. The relay LR 1 attracts its armature and operates the contacts 11-17 The line L 1 is connected over the contacts 12 and 14 to two 95 wires al O and bl O common for the tens, said wires being connected to contacts in the register unit RS The relay L Rl is held in the following circuit: +, contact 113, 123-193, 111, the winding on the selecting magnet 100 S I 1, contacts 222, 10 and 15, the winding on the relay L Rl, to minus The selecting magnet S 1 attracts its armature The contacts 11 Iare actuated The contact 112 is closed before 111 and 113 are opened The contact 105 closes the following circuit of all free registers which may reach the wires al O and bl O: +, contacts 115, 101, 105-106, 103, the winding on the relay VR 1, the wire r 5, the contact 311, the upper winding of the relay 110 RR 4 to minus. Each of the relays VR 1-V Rn pertains to a register REG and they form a relay chain, in which only one relay at a time can be operated. The relay VRI is operated before the relay 115 RR 4, which is

slow-operating The contacts 101-103 are actuated, the contact 102 being closed before the contacts 101 and 103 are opened The contacts 341-342 in Fig 3 are closed The following circuit is completed: 120 +, the contact 342, the winding on the relay RR 1, the wire r 4, the winding on the operating magnet BR 1, to minus The operating magnet BR 1 and the relay RR 1 attract their armatures. The contact 311 is opened and the contacts in 125 the register unit RS corresponding to the selecting magnet Si i are closed The relay T 20 in Fig 2 is operated in a circuit parallel to the operating magnet BR 1 The contacts 221-223 are actuated, whereby the circuit of the selecting 130 785,523 selected and the selecting magnet 529 is operated Then the marker selects a free link, e.g KIO, by means of a test circuit over the wire t 2 and the contact 432 and closes a circuit over the wire tl, the relay KR 1 and then the 70 operating magnet BK is operated The contacts 411-414 and 431-432 and the contacts of the selector GVIO corresponding to the selecting magnet 529 are actuated At the same time the selected link 110 in the selectors 75 SL 1-SL 2 in Fig 2 is marked by the selecting magnet 59 being operated The marker M then closes a circuit for the operating magnet Bl of the selector SL 1 in the calling subscriber's line Li The operating magnet Bl 80 attracts its armature The contacts 18, 19 and and the contacts on the operating bar SL 1 corresponding to the selecting magnet 59 are actuated Then Bl is held energised over the wire c and the contact 431 The marker M 85 also tests the called line L 2 and, if it is free, the marker selects a second link, e g K 14 in Fig 1, which is completely like the link K 10 in Fig 2 As now a called line is referred to, the relay KRM in the link 114 and the operating 90 magnet BK of the selector GV 14 pertaining to the link are operated, but the relay KR 1 is released when the marker is disconnected as not held over the called line Both links K 10 and K 14 are simultaneously connected to the 95 multipled, metallic conductors ma, mb, mc in the link circuit NI Then the relay NR 2 is operated in a circuit over the contact 455, the wire me, the selector GV 10 and the contact 414. The contacts 461-463 are actuated Then 100 the selecting magnet 51 in Fig 2 pertaining to the link K 14 is operated and thereafter the operating magnet B 2 of the selector SL 2 perraining to the subscriber's line L 2 The operating magnet BK of the link K 14 is held 105 by the contact 414 in the link K 10 over the conductor mc The test of the line L 2 occurs on the same wire as the operation of the operating magnet B 2 Said wire marks busy if it is connected to + over the wire c and 110 contact 431 in a link e g KIO or K 14 directly or over a resistance Then the register REG and the marker M are released by the relay RR 3 releasing its armature.

A communication has now been connected 115 from the instrument Al over the selector SLI, the link K 10, GVIO, the link circuit Ni, GV 14, the link 114, the selector SL 2, to the instrument A 2 The communication is held through the following circuit of the relay KR 1: 120 +, the lower winding of the relay NR 2, the contact 451, GV 10, contact 421, the wire a, the selector SL 1, the line L 1 and the instrument Al, the selector SLI, the wire b, the contacts 412 and 423, the winding on the relay KR 1, 125 to minus The lower winding of the relay NR 2 has a low resistance and has only for its object to transmit a buzzer signal, which is emitted from a generator Su 3 over the contact d 2 in an interrupter D, contact 461 and the 130 magnet S 1 is broken Then the calling circuit of the line relays LRI, LR 2 and so on is held broken in the contact 223 and LR 1 is held operated over the contact 221. The relay RR 2 in Fig 3 is operated in the following circuit: +, the upper winding of the relay RR 2, the wire rl, RS, the wire al O, the contacts 12 and 18, the line L 1 and the instrument Al, the contacts 19 and 14, the wire bl O, RS, the wire r 2, the intermediate winding of the relay RR 2, to minus The contacts 321322 are actuated The slow operating holding relay RR 3 becomes energised and operates the contacts 330-333 The calling person hears a tone which is sent from a generator Su 2 over the contacts 351 and 330. Here we suppose that the call refers to the subscriber's instrument A 2 The impulses are repeated by the relay RR 2 and current impulses are sent over the contacts 322 and 333 and the wire t to a registering mechanism RM. At the beginning of the first impulse the relays RR 4 and RR 5 are operated The relay RR 5 disconnects the buzzer generator Su 2 and is held over the contacts 342 and 352 The relay RR 4 is slow operating and remains to the end of the impulse train In a circuit over the contacts 331 and 341 and the wire v a switching device is operated, which is not shown in the figure but which in a known manner separates the impulse trains from each other, and in a circuit over the contact 331 and the wiref the registering is held-in the register mechanism RM. When the number of the instrument A 2 has been registered in RM a circuit is closed for connection of the register REG to the marker M: +, the winding on relay RR 7, the contacts 374, 306-376, to minus Each of the relays RR 7-R Rn pertains to a register and they form a relay chain, in which only one relay at a time can be operated Here it is supposed that the relay RR 7 attracts its armature and operates the contacts 371-377, the contact 375 being closed before the contacts 374 and 376 are opened The contact 372 breaks the current of the relay RR 3 During the release time of the relay RR 3 the switching operation for the switching of the communication is taking place.

The contact 371 closes a circuit for the relay T 10 in Fig 2 over the wire r 3 The relay T 10 operates the contacts 211-214 The number of the calling instrument Al is identified by + over the contacts 17 and 211 and by + over the contact 214 and is registered in the marker M At the same time the digits of the number of the instrument A 2 are marked in the marker over the circuit, which is closed by the contacts 373 and 377 and which passes the registering mechanism RM The marker M selects a free link circuit by means of a test circuit over the wire t 4 and the contacts 463 and 456 to minus, and selects the free link circuit by operation of the corresponding selecting magnet 521-529. Here we suppose that the link circuit Ni is 785,523 upper winding of the relay NR 2, in order to indicate for the calling person that a ringing signal is emitted to the called instrument The lower winding of the relay NR 2 thus shortcircuits the upper winding of the relay KR 2, which is connected to the wire a over the contact 411. Ringing signals are emitted to the called instrument A 2 through the following circuit: +, the lower winding of the relay NR 2, the contact 451, the wire mna, the selector GV 14, contact 421, the a-wire of the link 1 ( 14, the selector SL 2, the line L 2 and the instrument A 2, the selector SL 2, the b-wire of the link 1 ( 14, the contacts 413 and 425 and the selector K 1 V 14 of the link 114, the wire mb, the contact 452, the upper winding of the relay NRI, the contact 462, the wire t 5, the transformer T to minus Ringing signals are transformed to said circuit from the ringing generator RG over the contact dl in the interrupter D and the transformer T The corresponding ringing circuit over the link 1 ( 10 is broken by the contact 413, and thus the calling person is not disturbed by the ringing signals The relay NR 1 is slow operating and is not operating by the ringing current When an answer is obtained from the called instrument A 2 the ringing circuit for direct current is closed and the relay NRI attracts its armature The contacts 451-456 are actuated The contact 454 is first closed and a circuit is completed through the lower winding of the relay NRI over the wire mc and the contact 414 The contact 452 breaks the ringing current The contact 451 disconnects the lower winding of the relay NR 2 and then the relay KR 2 is sufficiently energised by its upper winding for operating in series with the winding on the relay KR 1 The contacts 421-426 are actuated The contact 423 breaks the current through the relay K(Rl which releases its armature A feeding circuit is formed for the instrument Al over the contact 422 through the upper winding of the relay KR 2 and over the contacts 413 and 424 by the lower winding of the relay KR 2 The condensers Cl and C 2 are connected between the two subscriber's lines and the called instrument A 2 is fed with current over the windings on the relay NR 3.

The communication is held by the calling person and is disconnected when the calling subscriber puts on his hand microtelephone. If the called instrument A 2 is busy the marker does not set up a communication but operates the selecting magnet So in Fig 2, and then the operating magnet Bl of the calling subscriber's line Li The contacts 18, 19 and and the contacts in the selector SLI corresponding to the selecting magnet So are actuated When the register REG and the marker M have been released, the operating magnet Bl is held in the following circuit: +, the winding on the choke G, the selector i SLI, the line Li, the instrument Al, the l selector SLI, the winding on the operating magnet Bl, to minus The calling person hears a buzzer tone emitted from a generator Sul over the condenser Co and indicating that the called instrument is busy 70 In Fig 3 there is the current feeding relay KR 2 of the calling subscriber in the link K 10 and the current feeding relay NR 3 of the calling subscriber in the link circuit NI. Fig 4 shows how the two current feeding 75 relays may be arranged in the link ( 10 while only ringing signal relays and metallic conductors ma, mb, m 7 tc for interconnection of the subscriber's lines exist in the link circuit NI. The marker M operates the current feeding 80 relay KRI in the link K 10 on the calling side by closing a circuit over the wire 71 The contacts 41 I-417 are actuated The upper winding of the current feeding relay KR 2 is connected parallelly with the intermediate 85 winding on the ringing control relay NRI, which has a low resistance When an answer is obtained, the relay NRI is operated The contacts 450-456 are actuated and the following circuit is completed: +, the upper winding 90 of the relay KR 2 in the link KI 1, GVIO, the wire ma, GV 14, the a-wire of the link K 14, the loop and the selector SL 2 of the called instrument, the b-wire, GV 14, the wire mb, GVIO, the contacts 428 and 417 in the link 95 K 10, the contact in GV 10, the wire md, the contact 450, the resistance rl, to minus The relay KR 2 in the link K 10 is operated The contacts 427-428 are actuated and then the subscriber's lines L 1 and L 2 are interconnected 100 over the condensers Cl and C 2 in the link K 10 In Fig 4 a buzzer tone is connected during the ringing signals over the wire t 6, the condenser C 4 and the contact 461 to the a-wire of the calling line 105 Fig 5 shows a simplified embodiment for the links K 10-K 19 Each of the links contains a relay KR 1, which is operated by the marker M, when a calling line is connected over the link to the link circuit Ni At the 110 same time the marker operates the relay NR 2 of the link circuit NI in a circuit over the wire t 7 The contacts 461-465 are actuated. When the marker is released, the relay KR 1 is held in the following circuit: +, the lower 115 winding of the relay NR 2, the contact 451,

the conductor ma G Vl O, a-wire, the winding over the calling instrument Al, the b-wire, the contact 412, the winding on the relay KRI, to minus The lower winding of the relay NR 2 120 is in this case a working winding Ringing signals are emitted on the called line L 2 over the wire t 5 and the contact 462 Buzzer signals are emitted to the calling line L 1 over the wire t 6 and the contact 461, are transformed 125 between the upper two windings of the relay NR 2, and pass an electrolytic condenser C 3 and the contact 451 to the conductor ma The intermediate winding of the relay NR 2 has a low resistance and because of the electrolytic 130 785,523 and a called subscriber's line, each over its link, are connected to the link circuit and connect the talking wire, which is broken by said 60 break contact in the calling link, to a ringing current generator in series with a winding on said ring trip relay, a direct current source for emitting ringing signals on the called subscriber's line, and contacts on said ring trip 65 relay, which contacts are arranged to be actuated when the loop over the called subscriber's line at answer is closed for direct current, so as to break the ringing current, and to switch a circuit causing resetting of the 70 communication over said talking wire which is broken during the ringing signals. 2 Automatic telephone plant as claimed in claim 1, comprising a first current feeding relay, two condensers, one in each talking wire, for 75 each of said links, break contacts on said current feeding relay, which hold said condensers disconnected, when the link over said first selection stage is connected to a called subscriber's line, a circuit for operation of the 80 current feeding relay, when the link over the first selection stage is connected to a calling subscriber's line and an answer is obtained on the called subscriber's line, at least one make contact on the current feeding relay for holding 85 the current feeding relay in a circuit containing the loop of the calling subscriber's line, and a second current feeding relay in each of said link circuits, which by said relay which is insensitive to ringing current, is connected to 90 the called subscriber's line. 3 Automatic telephone plant as claimed in claim 1, comprising two current feeding relays, one for the calling and one for the called subscriber's line, two condensers, one in each 95 calling wire, for each of said links, break contacts on said current feeding relays, which short-circuit said condensers, and make contacts separating the talking wires from the windings of the current feeding relays, when 100 the link is connected to a called subscriber's line, said contacts connecting the current feeding relays and the condensers, when the link is connected to a calling subscriber's line and an answer is obtained from the called subscriber's 105 line. 4 An automatic telephone plant, substantially as hereinbefore

described with reference to the accompanying drawings. HASELTINE, LAKE & CO, 28 Southampton Buildings, Chancery Lane, London, W C 2, England. Agents for the Applicants. condenser C 3 it is also passed by the ringing current over the called line, which however does not operate the relay NR 2 The contact 464 closes a circuit through the intermediate winding of the relay NR 3 The relay NR 3 is operated and the contact 471 is closed. When the called person answers, the relay NR 1 is operated The contacts 451-456 are actuated The circuit of the relay KR 1 is broken by the contact 451 and is held broken during the release time of the relay NR 2. The relay NR 2 is slow releasing due to the electrolytic condenser C 3, and therefore the relay KRI releases its armature The communication is held by the contact 471 and when the relay NR 2 releases its armature the contact 465 is closed before the contact 464 is opened. The two subscriber's lines L 1 and L 2 are simultaneously connected to the conductors ma and mb and obtain a common current feeding over the upper and the lower winding of the relay NR 3, which is held in an operated position until the two subscribers have put on their hand microtelephones.

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* GB785524 (A)

Description: GB785524 (A) ? 1957-10-30

Impacting machine


PATENT SPECIFICATION

Inventor: GERALD H BROWN 785,524 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification May 11, 1956. No 14711/56. Complete Specification Published Oct 30, 1957. Index at acceptance: -Class 124, C( 1 IB 2 A: IC: 1 D 1: 2 E: 12). International Classification: -B 25 d. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Impacting Machine We, J LEUKART MACHINE CO Shc, a Corporation of Ohio, Uinted States of America, of 195, Hosack Street, Columbus 7, Ohio, United States of America, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: This invention relates to an impacting machine It has to do, more particularly, with a machine which can be used for impacting or compressing paving material, for tamping or compressing filling material such as dirt, and for many other impacting operations. Machines pf this general type have been used in the past These machines consist mainly of an impactor plate which is adapted to contact the material to be impacted or compressed and means associated therewith for causing the plate to vibrate The vibrating means comprises eccentric weights which, when driven, cause a vertical vibration of the impactor plate These weights are carried by the impactor plate and are driven by means of an engine which is also supported by the impactor plate These prior art machines have been based on the principle that the centre of gravity of the elements carried by the impactor plate is disposed ahead of a vertical line perpendicular to the impactor surface of the plate so that when the machine is supported by the impactor surface and the plate vibrates, the entire machine moves forwardly in a series of hops or jumps A handle is associated with each machine of this general type so that an operator can aid in guiding it, and wheels are also provided which can be moved into contact with a surface by tilting the entire machine by means of a handle so that the machine can be transported readily to a different location. The present invention provides for a simplified machine of the general type indicated above in which the tamping action is accomplished more effectively and efficiently than in lPrice 3 s 6 d 41 prior art machines by a simple driving means and in which the driving means is of such a nature that exact timing between the action of the engine and the action of the eccentric weights is obtained so that high efficiency is possible in the tamping action The present invention also provides for concentrating the impacting effect of the weights during their rotation not only by the timing arrangement but also by

the nature and disposition of the weights This invention further provides for a replaceable impactor plate or blade to permit replacement after wear or to permit replacement with blades of other forms It further provides a machine of such a structure that it can be manufactured by simple production methods. In the accompanying drawings, there is illustrated an example of the invention but it is to be understood that the machine may take other forms without departing from the basic principles of the invention In these drawings:Figure 1 is a perspective; Figure 2 is a front elevation, partly broken away; Figure 3 is a side elevation of Figures 1 and 2, illustrating its action; Figure 4 is a detail in side elevation, partly broken away, of the driving mechanism of the machine; Figure 5 is a detail in side elevation of the mounting for the handle of the machine, and Figure 6 is an elevation of one of the eccentric weights used on the machine. With reference to the drawings and especially to Figures 1 to 3, the machine is illustrated as consisting of a weight housing 10, an engine 11 of the internal combustion type supported on the housing, a fuel tank 12 associated with the engine and supported by the housing, transporting wheels 13 attached to the housing, and a handle 14 attached to the housing which can be used by the operator for aiding in guiding the machine and for tilt785,524 ing the machine to cause the transporting wheels 13 to function. The housing 10 is of tubular form to simplify its production and to provide a simple arrangement for mounting bearings 15 (Figure 2) for a weight shaft 16 This tubular housing 10 may be formed merely by cutting suitable lengths from a steel pipe The bearings are self-aligning and are mounted in rings or collars 17 which are merely welded within the tubular housing 10 adjacent the ends thereof The bearings 15 support the shaft 16 at the axis of the tubular housing 10. The shaft 16 is provided with one eccentric weight 18 intermediate the bearings 15 This radially extending weight 18 may be welded to the shaft The shaft is further provided with two other radially extending weights 19 of identical form Each of these weights is of the type shown in Figure 6 and is keyed to an end of the shaft 16 axially outside the adjacent bearing 15 All the weights are of narrow form transversely of the axis of the shaft 16 and extend angularly in width through an angle of 360 to 400 as indicated by the angle A in Figure 6 As pointed out above, this figure shows a weight 19 but the weight 18 is of the same angular extent transversely. By providing narrow weights of this character, the impacting effect is concentrated, it being understood that all the weights are in angular alignment.

The left-hand end of the tubular housing (Figure 2) is closed by a removable cover plate 20 The right-hand end of the shaft 16 has a toothed driven pulley 21 keyed thereon. This pulley receives a toothed driving and timing belt 22 This endless belt 22 is of the type made of rubber to reduce noise but having cables embedded therein and extending longitudinally thereof to prevent stretching. This belt 22 extends upwardly into a guard 23 provided above the end of the housing 10 and welded thereto and which is beneath the fuel tank 12 The outer side of the guard 23 and the right-hand end of the housing 10 are closed by a removable plate 24. Within the guard 23 is a toothed driving pulley 25 This pulley 25 is keyed on the end of the crankshaft 26 of the engine 11 which projects into the guard 23 This drive arrangement is illustrated in detail in Figure 4 and serves not only as a driving means but also as an accurate timing means to always keep the crankshaft 26 and the weight shaft 16 in a predetermined angular relationship The opposite end of the crankshaft 26 is provided with a pulley 27 keyed thereon for receiving a starting rope The crankshaft 26 is connected in the usual manner to the piston rod 28 of the piston 29 of the engine 11. As shown in Figures 2 and 3, when the piston 29 is at the lower extent of its stroke, the weights 18 and 19 are at the lowermost points they reach in their rotation The result is that the downward thrust of both the piston and the weights will be exerted simultaneously. Furthermore, because the weights are of slight angular extent, the impacting force will be concentrated during a short interval while the 70 weights are in their lowermost positions The direct drive will maintain the desired relationship between the piston 29 and the weights 18 and 19. This concentrated impacting force is applied 75 to the impactor blade 30 (Figure 3) which is carried at the lower side of the tubular housing 10 The blade 30 is removably atttached to the lower side of -the housing 10 and extends the full length thereof For attaching the 80 blade 30, the housing 10 is provided with a bar 31 which is welded to its outer surface at its rear lower quadrant and which extends the full length of the housing The blade 30 is provided with an upstanding flange 32 which 85 extends the full length thereof, and which is adapted to be bolted by removable bolts 33 to the bar 31 The blade 30 includes the flat heel section 34, which serves as the impactor surface, and the forward upwardly extending 90 section 35, which serves as a pre-compacting surface The angular relationship of the section 35 with the section 34 is important to provide the desired precompaction without rearward tipping of the machine and we have 95 found that this angle, indicated at B in Figures 3 and 4, should be

from 150 to 200 Also, it will be noted from Figure 3 that the angle of the section 35 is such that it is tangential to the housing 10 and, therefore, its upper sur 100 face will engage the housing 10 and will be braced thereby It will be apparent that the blade 30 can be readily removed and be replaced with blades of different length or widths or of other characteristics In making 105 such a change, it is merely necessary to remove and replace the bolts 33. The engine 11 (Figures 1 and 3) is bolted by means of bolts 36 to bars 37 and 38 extending longitudinally of the housing 10 at its 110 upper side and welded to the outer surface thereof The bar 37 carries a tube section 39 which extends beyond the ends thereof and serves as handle grips for lifting the machine. The wheels 13 are supported on axles 115 carried by rearwardly extending brackets 40 welded to the rear upper quadrant of the housing 10 Supported by these brackets 40 is a mounting for an upstanding cylindrical handle shock mount unit 41 (Figures 3 and 5) of a 120 suitable type The handle 14 is attached to this unit by a split clamping collar 42 which is welded to the lower end of the handle and which clamps around the unit 41. It will be noted that the housing 10 not only 125 serves as a housing for the weight shaft 16 and the weights 18 and 19 but also serves as supporting means for attachment of the impactor blade 30, the engine 11 and associated parts, and the handle 14 The engine 11 is prefer 130 785,524 ably a single cylinder internal combustion engine. The impactor surface 34 of plate 30 is disposed relatively to the housing 10 in such a manner that when it rests on a horizontal surface, indicated by the letter S in Figure 3, the machine is tilted forwardly slightly However, the machine is so balanced that when the impactor surface 34 rests on a horizontal surface the machine will not tip over forwardly. The wheels 13 are shown as being two in number but other numbers may be used. When the impactor surface 34 is resting on the supporting surface S, as shown in Figure 3, the wheels 13 are spaced above the supporting surface However, for transportation, the machine may be tilted rearwardly, until the wheels 13 engage the supporting surface S, by the handle 14 These wheels 13 are of such width that they will not disfigure material already impacted when they come into contact with the surface of such material The shock mount 41 cushions the handle 14 and, consequently, vibrations from the machine will be damped before they reach the operator who may be using the handle 14 to manipulate the machine and especially to aid in guiding it. The amount of tilt in the Figure 3 position is indicated by a comparison of the vertical line V, which is perpendicular to the flat

impactor surface 34 The line C indicates the axis of reciprocation of the piston 29 and this line C is tilted forwardly slightly relatively to the line V However, the machine is so balanced on the impactor surface that its centre of gravity is along a line perpendicular to and passing through the flat surface 34 of the impactor blade 30 Thus, as indicated in Figure 3, the centre of gravity will be located between the lines G and H which are perpendicular to the flat surface 34 of the impactor blade at the front and rear extremities thereof, respectively Therefore, the machine will not tip over forwardly when the impactor surface 34 is resting on a level surface, as shown in Figure 3 Although in Figure 3, material is shown under the angled section 35, the machine would not tip forwardly even if this material was not present. Because of this arrangement where the piston 29 reciprocates along an axis which is tilted forwardly and which intersects the axes of the crankshaft 26 and the weightshaft 16, when the eccentric weights 18 and 19 are driven by the engine 11, the impactor surface 34 will not only be vibrated but the machine will jump or hop forwardly in small increments.


* GB785525 (A)

Description: GB785525 (A) ? 1957-10-30

Process for preparing a glucosamine

Description of GB785525 (A) Translate this text into Tooltip



PATENT SPECIFICATION 785525 ) Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: May 30, 1956. No 16676/56. Application made in United States of America on June 3, 1955. Complete Specification Published: Oct 30, 1957. Index at acceptance:-Class 2 ( 3), C 2 837 (A 3: L). International Classification:-CO 7 d. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Process' for preparing a Glucosamine ERRATA SPECIFICATION No 785,525 Page 2, line 71, for " ( 1945) " read " ( 1954)" Page 4, lines 31-32, for "Man-ville" read " Mans-ville " Page 4, line 103, for "miaxture " read mixture Page 4, line 104, for":eating" read "eluting" Page 4, line 110, for " actyl " read " acetyl " THE PATENT OFFICE, 12th December, 1957. no U G L Cl,Ien as L owjtns 7 a Cr rn, alul more recently as Lactobacillus bifidus var. pennsylvanicus A strain of this microorganism is available from the American Type Culture Collection, where it is on deposit as No. 11,863 This microorganism has been known for some time to constitute an important part of the intestinal flora of a breast-fed infant. The specific growth-promoting factor for Lactobaccillus bifidus, and its importance in infant nutrition, are fully discussed with reference to the growth and proliferation of the Lactobacillus bifidus microorganism in the intestinal tract of the young child, in United States Specification No 2,770,573. In that United States Patent Specification there is described and claimed the process of preparing substances which have high activity for promoting growth of Lactobacillus bifidus var Penn which comprises reacting lactose and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine in the presence of a lactase, specifically an enzyme derived from Lactobacillus bifidus var Penn That lPice 3 s 6 d l wmuc lb useiut in ume process Our assignors have now found that if the enzymatic synthesis is carried out using living intact cells of said Lactobacillus bifidus var pennsylvanicus microorganism instead of an enzyme derived therefrom not only is the yield of ithe desired microbiologicallywactive compound, 4-O-,/-D-galactopyranosyl N-acetylD-glucosamine, greater than that secured by the process of the said United States Patent Specification No 2770573 but the product is almost all the desired active compound,

practically none of the inactive isomer being present in the reaction mixture This is a very important advantage since approximately onehalf of the product secured when the enzyme is used in the reaction is not active for promoting the growth of Lactobacillus bifidus var penlrsylvanicus By this improved method, utilising living intact cells of the microorganism itself, only negligible amounts of the inactive isomeric 6-O-P-D-galactoside Mic C a, 1 1 1 -" 14 1 71, z,:4 W ' 1 1 O %, ? W ' 0 1 zm- 1 PATENT SPECIFICATION f i Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: May 30, 1956. No 16676/56. Application made in United States of America on June 3, 1955. Complete Specification Published: Oct 30, 1957. Index at acceptance:- Class 2 ( 3), C 2 B 37 (A 3: L). International Classification:-CO 7 d. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Processt for preparing a Glucosamine We, AMERICAN HOME PRODUCTS CORPORAr TION, a corporation organized and existing under the laws of the State of Delaware, United States of America, of 22, East 40th Street, in the City, County and State of New York, United States of America (assignee of PAUL GYOERGY and FRIEDRICH ZILLIKEN), do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:- This invention relates to a process for preparing a glucosamine, specifically 4-0-P-Dgalactopyranosyl N acetyl-D-glucosamine, which is active in promoting growth of Lactobaciltus bifidus var pennsylvanicus A.T C C No 11,863. It has recently been discovered that a specific growth-promoting factor which is present in human (breast) milk is essential to promote the growth of a specific strain of the Lactobacillus bijidus microorganism, this specific strain being originally identified as No 212 A, then as L bifidus var Penn, and more recently as Lactobacillus bifidus var. pennsylvanicus A strain of this microorganism is available from the American Type Culture Collection, where it is on deposit as No. 11,863 This microorganism has been known for some time to constitute an important part of the intestinal flora of a breast-fed infant. The specific growth-promoting factor for Lactobaccillus bifidus, and its importance in infant nutrition, are fully discussed with reference to the growth and proliferation of the Lactobacillus bifidus microorganism in the intestinal tract of the young child, in United States Specification No 2,770,573. In that United States Patent Specification there is described and claimed the process of preparing substances which have high activity

for promoting growth of Lactobacillus bifidus var Penn which comprises reacting lactose and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine in the presence of a lactase, specifically an enzyme derived from Lactobacillus bifidus var Penn That lPrice 3 s 6 d l process results in a mixed product containing two chemical compounds, one of which is active in promoting growth of said microorganism, while the other is inactive These two chemical compounds can be characterised as 40-,8-D-galactopyranosvl N acetyl-Dglucosamine (active) and 6-0-,-D-galactopyranosyl-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminne (inactive). In the process for producing these two compounds in admixture disclosed in the said United States Patent Specification No. 2770573, lactose and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine are reacted in the presence of an enzyme which is present in growing cultures of Lactobacillus bifidus var pennsylvanicus, which enzyme is secured for use in said synthesis by a procedure described in that application This procedure, in brief, involves centrifuging a growing culture of said microorganism, lyophilising the solid to secure a dry product, and intimately mixing the dry product with aluminium oxide in the presence of a phosphate buffer solution, thereby securing a solution of said enzyme which is useful in the process. Our assignors have now found that if the enzymatic synthesis is carried out using living intact cells of said Lactobacillus bifidus var pennsylvanicus microorganism instead of an enzyme derived therefrom not only is the yield of jthe desired microbiologioally-active compound, 4-O-,8-D-galactopyranosyl N-acetylD-glucosamine, greater than that secured by the process of the said United States Patent Specification No 2770573 but the product is almost all the desired active compound, practically none of the inactive isomer being present in the reaction mixture This is a very important advantage since approximately onehalf of the product secured when the enzyme is used in the reaction is not active for promoting the growth of Lactobacillus bifidus var pennsylvanicus By this improved method, utilising living intact cells of the microorganism itself, only negligible amounts of the inactive isomeric 6-0-,8-D-galactoside are formed These isomeric compounds may be represented by the following structural formulae: Ic CH-OH I I HC-O HC-NHCOCH 3 I I HO-CH O HOCH O HO 3-CH i I HC HC I I CH 2 Off CN? OH 4-O-P-D-galactopyranosyl-N-Acetyl-D-glucosamine (Active) HC 0 HO-CH HO-CH CH CH 2 CH I NC-OH H.C-NHCOCHS -O CH O HCNCH 2 6-O-1 '-D-galactopyranosyl-N-Acetyl-D glucosamine (Inactive) According to the present invention, therefore, the process of preparing 4-O-f-Dgalacto-pyranosyl N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, said compound being active in promoting growth of Lactobacillus bifidus var pennsylvanicus A T C C No 11863, comprises reacting lactose and

N-acetyl-D-glucosamine in the presence of living intact cells of Lactobacillus bifidus var penznsylvanicus microorganism. This improved method wherein the reaction between lactose and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine is carried out by incubating intact cells of the microorganism with the reactants also has the further advantage that there is no loss of active disaccharide on prolonged incubation A process which permits production of the active 4-O-/3-D galactopyranosyl Nacetyl-D-glucosamine for periods up to 48 hours without appreciable loss of formed active product has definite commercial advantages, since it avoids the necessity, characteristic of many enzymatic methods, of stopping the reaction and recovering the product at a definite point in the synthesis. In carrying out the improved process the lactose and N-acetyl D-glucosamine are brought together in the presence of intact cells of Lactobacillus bifidus var pennsytvanicus, A T C C No 11,863, and incubation is continued for any desired period up to forty-eight hours or even longer The greatest yield of the microbiologically-active 4-O-13-D galactopyranosyl N acetyl Dglucosamine is obtained under anaerobic conditions, but aerobic conditions can also be employed with, however, a slight increase in the amount of unwanted inactive isomer The p H should fall within the range 4 0 to 7 0, and the temperature within the range 15 to C Very satisfactory results have been secured when the teaction is carried out at a temperature of approximately 370 C and at a p H of approximately 5 4, the p H being maintained within the specified range by the use of a phosphate buffer. The living microorganism may be grown on a medium containing all nutrients including the Lactobacillus bifidus growth-promoting factor, which are necessary for its growth and propagation A suitable medium, to which breast milk or some other material supplying the Lactobacillus bifidus growthpromoting factor should be added, is disclosed in British Patent Specification No. 746,834. It contains, in addition, to some substance supplying the growth-promoting factor and mineral salts, additional substances such as potassium acid phosphate, lactose, sodium acetate, hydrolysed casein, various amino acids, thiamine, riboflavin, calcium pantothenate, and various other vitamins See also the paper of Gyoergy et al, Arch Biochem. and Biophys, 48 193, ( 1945) The living cells may be collected by centrifugation or other suitable procedure, washed and supplied to the mixture of lactose and N-acetylD-glucosamine as a concentrated suspension. The reaction requires a molar ratio of lactose to

N-acetyl-D-glucosamine of 2:1, and the reactants should be present in approximately this proportion The process is advantageously carried out by suspending the intact cells of L bifidus var pennsylvanicus in an aqueous phosphate buffer solution, and then adding lactose and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine thereto in the molar ratio of two moles of SO so 785,525 HM 785,525 3 lactose to one of the N-acetyl-D-glucosamine The mixture is then incubated at a temperature within the range 150 to 400 C, preferably at about 370 C Anaerobic incubation is preferred since it results in the highest yield of the desired 4-O-,8-D-galactopyranosyl N-acetyl D-glucosamine and minimal amounts of the active isomer However, the incubation can also be carried out under aerobic conditions, but-with a lowered yield of the desired active compound and ingreased amounts (although still relatively small) of the inactive isomer The conversion of part of the lactose into undesired products such as glucose and galactose is more pronounced under aerobic conditions than when the synthesis is carried out anaerobically, but fairly good yields of 4-0,8-D galactopyranosyl-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine can also be obtained by incubation under aerobic conditions By anaerobic conditions we mean those in which the amount of oxygen in the amibient atmosphere in contact with the reaction mixture does not exceed 4 %. In recovering the active product, 4-O-I-Dgalactopyranosyl N acetyl-D-glucosamine, from the reaction mixture we have found it advantageous first to heat the digest, after termination of incubation, to about 100 ' C. for about one hour, and then centrifuge off the supernatant The supernatant is then concentrated to a reduced volume and adsorbed on a chromatographic column containing a suitable adsorbent This may, for example, consist of two parts of carbon and one part of diatomaceous earth Of course other adsorbents may also be utilised, and they need not necessarily be employed in columnar form The adsorbed material is then eluted from the column with suitable eluting agents such as water and aqueous ethanol. Evaporation of the aqueous ethanolic eluates to dryness yields a solid product comprising the active compound It may be recovered in purified crystalline form by recrystallising it from suitable solvents, such as dry methanol, in the usual manner. The following examples are illustrative of preferred forms of the process of the present invention. EXAMPLE 1. Lactobacillus bifidus var pennsylvanicus, A.T C C No 11,863, was grown in accordance with the procedure described in the publication of Gyoergy, Norris and Rose, Arch Biochem and Biophys, Vol 48, ( 1954), page 193 This medium contained, as the basic medium, the mineral salts

and additional substances referred to above, and also included a material supplying the essential growth factor for L bifidus which may be a small amount of skimmed human milk Cells from 40-hour cultures were collected by centrifugation and then washed twice with 0 85 % saline and once with M/15 phosphate buffer of p H 5 4 A suitable phosphate buffer may comprise a 0 1 molar solution of a mixture of sodium and potassium phosphates, such, for example, as disodium orfiophosphate Na HPO 4 and dipotassium orthophos 70 phate KHPP 4. The cells were then suspended in the same phosphate buffer solution of M/15 molar concentration so that 3 niillilitres of the cell suspension represented cells from 100 milli 75 litres of the culture Three millilitre aliquots of this cell suspension were then added to 10 millilitre portions of M/15 phosphate buffer containing 382 nmiligrams of N-acetyl-Dglucosamine and 625 milligrams of lactose 80 (monohydrate) These cell-substrate suspensions were then incubated at 37 C in suitable cotton-plugged vessels Anaerobic incubabation was carried out by first evacuating the vessels and then filling them three times with 85 nitrogen gas, followed by evacuation before finally restoring atmospheric pressure by the addition of a mixture comprising 10 per cent. of carbon dioxide and 90 per cent of nitrogen In carrying out the reaction under 90 aerobic incubation, the flasks were allowed to stand in the atmosphere without agitation. In each case incubation was continued for periods up to 48 hours Samples were taken at intervals and analysed for reducing sugars 95 and N-acetylamino sugars by paper chromatography using in the test the supernatant secured by heating each sample for 10 minutes at 1000 C, cooling, and centrifuging. The greatest yields of 4-O-B 8-D-galacto 100 pyranosyl N acetyl D-glucosarmine were obtained under conditions of anaerobic incubation Under aerobic conditions the yield was somewhat reduced and the amount of galactopyranosyl-N-acetyl D-glucosamine 105 somewhat larger However, in all cases, the amount of inactive material was very small being negligible under anaerobic incubation conditions. Formation of the active disaccharide duil 110 ing incubation was indicated by the regular increase in growth-promoting activity for Lactobacillus bifidus var pennsyltanicus as expressed in growth units per millilitre of the supernatant fluid assayed From an initial 115 activity of 6 units per miillilitre (due solely to the N-acetyl D-glucosamine present), within 24 hours under conditions of anaerobic incubation the activity increased to 30 units per millilitre and remained at this figure 120 throughout the entire 48 hour incubation period Under aerobic conditions the activity at the end of 24 hours incubation had increased to 20 units per millilitre After 48 hours of

aerobic incubation the activity had 125 dropped only slightly below the 20 units per millilitre value. The concentration of the intact cells of L. bifidus var pennsylvanicus in the reaction mixture did not affect production of the 130 785,525 active compound unduly, as the same amount of growth-promoting activity was secured when the cell concentration was only 30 per cent of that initially tested Synthesis occurred even when the cell concentration was only about 1 per ecnt of that initially used. EXAMPLE 2. Lactobacillus bifidus var pennsylvanicus cells were secured from 8 litres of culture medium and prepared as described in Example 1 Thesel cells were then incubated for 24 hours in a liquid medium containing 16.5 grams of lactose (monohydrate) and 10 1 grams of N-acetyl-d-glucosamine in 345 millilitres of M/15 phosphate buffer at p H 5 4. The phosphate buffer was a mixture of disodium orthophosphate and dipotassium orthophosphate of approximately 01 molar concentration. The digest was heated for one hour in an oven at 100 C and then centrifuged The supernatant was concentrated at a reduced pressure less than atmospheric to a volume of approximately 50 millilitres This concenitrate was adsorbed on a column comprising 320 grams of decolourising carbon and 160 grams of diatomaceous earth For the decolourising carbon it was found convenient to use Norite A (Pfanstiehl) and the diatomaceous earth was Celite 535 (Johns Manville Corporation) ("Norite " and " Cellite" are Registered Trade Marks). The column was then eluted with water and aqueous ethanol, the general procedure followed being that described in the paper by Zilliken, Smith, Rose and Gyoergy in Yournal Biol Chem, 208, page 299 ( 1954). The eluates of the 7 5 % ethanol concentration were evaporated to dryness at a reduced pressure less than atmospheric The amorphous residue was dried under potassium pentoxide in a desiccator and then dissolved in 80 millilitres of hot dry methanol The hot methanolic solution was then filtered and allowed to stand at room temperature. Crystallisation of square platelets began immediate and was completed after a few hours standing at 50 C After recrystallisation of the product from a minimum amount of dry methanol there was obtained 1 02 grams of the disaccharide, the yield being approximately 5 4 % A sample of the product had a melting point of 172 V C (uncorrected); a specific rotation of lXlD 2 ' + 27 80 (H 20;C= 1, equilibrium rotation reached after 180 minutes) Extrapolated to zero time, the rotation was lcalD + 51 2 The disaccharide crystallised with one mole of methanol and analysis confirmed the empiric formula CIHH 2,0,,N CHOH Comparison of the product by the mixed melting point method, and by

microbiological assay, with pure 4-Q-,8-D galactopyranosyl N acetyl Dglucosamme as obtained from hog stomach mucin showed that the product was identical with the known compound as secured from animal tissue. The product was added as such and without further purification both to foodstuffs which were deficient in, and to foodstuffs which were totally lacking in, the L bifidus growth-promoting factor In this way the resulting food products were analogous to human milk in that they contained this important nutritional factor.


* GB785526 (A)

Description: GB785526 (A) ? 1957-10-30

Improved electric primary cell


A high quality text as facsimile in your desired language may be available amongst the following family members:

DE1036344 (B) FR1161404 (A) NL111782 (C) US2806078 (A) DE1036344 (B) FR1161404 (A) NL111782 (C) US2806078 (A) less Translate this text into Tooltip



PATENT SPECIFICATION 785,526 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: June 28, 1956. Application made in United States of America on Aug 8, 1955. Complete Specification Published: Oct 30, 1957. Index at Acceptance:-Class 53, BD 1 OC, BP( 1 A: 1 M: 2 B 1: 4 A: 4 B: 4 X). International Classification:-H Olm. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Improved Electric Primary Cell We, THE Dow CHEMICAL Company, a Corporation organised and existing under the Laws of the State of Delaware, United States of America, of Midland, County of Midland, State of Michigan, United States of America, do hereby declare the invention for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us and the method by which it is to be performed to be particularly described in and by the following statement:- This invention relates to an improved primary cell of the dry or non-spillable type, and particularly to dry cells in which the anode material is magnesium. Dry cell formulations employing magnesium as the anode material are disclosed in a paper by R C Kirk and A B Fry, "Magnesium Dry Cells", published in the "Journal of Electrochemical Society", Vol 94, No 6, pages 277 to 289, inclusive. In making up magnesium primary cells, as mentioned in British Patent Specification No. 669,256, "the usual procedure is to form the anode material into a cup or 'battery can' which constitutes one of the electrodes of the cell as well as the container holding the cathode elements and the electrolyte The cathode mix consists of manganese dioxide having intimately mixed with it usually between about 5 and 15 per cent of finely divided carbon, such as acetylene black, by weight The mixture is moistened with enough electrolyte to make it mouldable and the mouldable mixture is formed into 'bobbins' around a central electrode in the form of a rod of carbon or graphite These bobbins are usually cylindrical mouldings somewhat smaller than the battery can and are inserted into the cans after the cans are lined with starch paste of gelled electrolyte or a porous non-conductor, such as cloth or paper, to keep the bobbin from touching the can. In some instances the cathode mix is introduced into the lined cans without previously forming the cathode mix into a bobbin, the moulding taking place in the lined can In lPrice 3 s 6 d l such instances, after placing the cathode mix in the can the carbon or graphite rod is pushed centrally into the cathode mix as the other electrode". Similar dry cell formulations are disclosed 50 in British Patent

Specifications Nos 659367 and 659368 British Patent Specification No. 669256 discloses that in the cells having the foregoing formulations the can lining may be dispensed with and the cathode mix may be 55 placed directly against the inside of the can or cup in assembling the cell elements. Dry cells formulated as above described (with or without lining the can) are usually sealed at the top Sealing is accomplished by placing 60 a cardboard or similar porous dielectric washer in the top of the can over the end of the carbon rod a short distance above the cathode mix Then a layer of sealing compound, such as a rosin-base sealing wax, coal tar or asphalt 65 pitch, is poured over the washer so as to fill the annular space at the top of the can above the washer. While dry cells made in the above described manner give excellent performance, they are 70 not of the so-called leak-proof variety which are in wide demand as flashlight batteries. Also the use of a magnesium cup anode is uneconomical from the standpoint of the bobbin size and amount of electrolyte con 75 tained in the cell That is, an unbalance of materials exists because a can or cup anode of the flashlight cell cannot hold enough cathode mix and electrolyte to completely consume a cup-shaped extruded anode (of sufficient wall 80 thickness to serve as a container for the cell) during the useful life of the cell It is realized of course that the anode cup should not be consumed if the cup is to be used as the container of the cell However, using expensive 85 anode material both as the cell container and as an anode is uneconomical. To provide a better balance of materials in primary cells, it has been suggested that a steel cup should replace the magnesium cup anode 90 No 20104/56. _and a separate magnesium anode (made of sheet stock curved to cylindrical form, for example) used The anode is of appropriate weight and size to chemically match the cathode mix and electrolyte which are inserted in the steel cup In such primary cells the anode material serves the additional function of cathodically protecting the steel cup or container of the battery (to which the anode is electrically connected). A principal object of this invention -is to provide an improved dry cell of the so-called leak-proof variety which has a long-useful life, high output voltage and efficiency and is economical to manufacture. Another object of this invention is to provide improved means for the prevention of undesirable corrosion of metal -parts of the cell. In accordance with this invention, primary cells contained in steel cups and having tubular magnesium -anodes in juxtaposition to the walls:of-the cupaire provided with a grease or oil seal or coating between the juxtaposed surfaesof the anodeand the cup The anode,

however,-is directly connected wvith the cup by means of at least one weld. The invention, as well as additi Qoal objects and advantages thereof, will hest be understood svhen the-folloivrng detailed description is read in connection with the accompanying drawings, in which: Figure 1 is a side elevational view, partly in section, of a primary cell made -in accordance withthis -invention, -and Figure 2 is a fragmentary view, on an enlarged scale and in section,,of the lower part of the cell-shown in Figure 1. Referring to the drkawings, nhere is shown a primary -cell, indicated generally by the numeral 10, comprising; a cath Qde electrode 12, cathode;mix 14 including electrolyte, and a tubular shaped magnesium anode -16 encased in a steel can 18 The -anode 16 is not in overall direct conta=t -with-the can 18 although the anode-is welded to the can, as at 20, in at least-on place. In accordance wvith this invention, the bottom and sides ofthecan 18 are coated with-a nonhardening insulating oleaginous material -22, such as grease or oil The grease or oil 22 extends at least to the top 38 of the anode 16. The -cathode mix 14 is contained in a paper separator bag 24 which fits -within the anodle 16 and rests-on the insulating material 22 at the bottom ofthecan 18 The cathode electrode 12, which is a carbon or graphite rod within the bag 24, isaxially-disposed with respect to the can 18 The lower-end ofthe electroderod 12 lies against the -bottom of the paper bag 14 and is insulated from the bottom 26 of the can or cup 18 by the hag-24 and the -coating 22 of grease or oil. The top 28 of the-cathode terminal electrode 12 extends above the top of -the:steel can 18 and is held in position by a somewhat hatshaped cover plate 30 whose periphery or "brim" 32 extends to and is insulated from the turaed-in upper end 34 of the steel can 18. Insulation between the can 18 and cover plate is provided by a paper ring or annulus 36 70 which separates the two parts. The magnesium anode 16 extends about 3 of the length of the steel can 18. The cathode mix 14 extends between the carbon rod 12 and the anode 16 The mix 14 75 is in direct contact with the carbon rod 12 but is separated from direct contact with the anode 16 by the paper bag 24 in which the mix is contained The cathode mix 14 extends to or near to the top 38 of the anode 16, and the 80 upper wall 40 of the paper separation bag 24 is turned in towards the carbon rod 12 to help prevent the spilling of cathode mix 14 directly onto the anode 16. A tar seal 42 is provided between the carbon 85 rod 12 and the steel cup 18 An apertured paper washer 44 is fitted between the carbon rod 12 and the can 18 to provide the base on which the tar seal 42 is

poured A paper tab 46 extending upwardly from the washer 44 90 through the tar seal 42 provides the means by which gas generated within the cell 10, while current is drawn there from, is vented to the upper portion of the cell which is not sealed in a gas-tight manner Alternatively, a porous 95 carbon rod 12 may be used to vent gases from the cell In such cases the cover plate 30 usually contains a small aperture adjacent to the rod 12. The volume between the top of the anode 16 and the seal 42 is needed because gases may 100 be generated within the cell at a faster rate than they may be vented through the tab 46. The additional space between the tar seal 42 and the cover plate 30 is provided in order that a specific cell dimension may be main 105 tailed, e g a standard length flashlight cell as established for zinc anode type cells. In order that two or more of-the cells 10 shall not short out when connected in series in a metal cased flashlight, an insulating plastic 110 coating 48 is provided on the side walls and part of the ends of the can 18 It should be emphasized that the insulating coating may be dispensed with if the cells are to be used in parallel or even if connected in series if the 115 cells are used in an electrically non-conductive container. Formulations of suitable electrolytes and dry mixes for dry cells having magnesium for the anode material are dislcosed in the afore 120 mentioned British Patent Specifications Nos. 659367,-659368, 669256 and the cited paper by Kirk and Fry. The anode 16 in a specific cell made in accordance wsith this invention is composed of 125 AZ 3 l A alloy sheet of 030 wall thickness rolled to form -a cylinder 1 25 inches in diameter and 1-5 inches high In addition to magnesium, AZ 31 A alloy contains nominally 3 per cent aluminium, 1 per cent zinc and about 15 per 130 785,526 cathodically protected by the remainder of the anode Good electrical contact is thus main 50 tained between the anode and the steel cup until the anode is substantially completely consumed. Thus, primary cells made in accordance with this invention are leak-proof, make efficient use 55 of the anode material to provide a long useful life and are economical to manufacture.


* GB785527 (A)

Description: GB785527 (A) ? 1957-10-30

Improvements in or relating to apparatus for handling bituminous materials


P-ATENT S-P-E-C-I-FI-C-ATI-0 ON 785,527 || H a Date of Application and filing Complete Specification: July 17, 1956. H)No 22061156. /Complete Specification Published: Oct30, 1957. Index at Acceptance:-Class 107, C. International Classifieation:-E O lc. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Improvements in or relating to Apparatus for handling Bituminous Materials ' I, WILLIAM JOSEPH MILLER, a Citizen of the United States of America, of 3697 Oakwood Avenue, City of Youngstown, Mahoning County, State of Ohio, United States of America, do hereby declare the invention, for which I pray that a Patent may be granted to me, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:- This invention relates to apparatus and liquefying equipment usable in handling asphalt and liquefying the same The apparatus is capable of handling asphalt and similar bituminous materials which are originally processed in a refinery and shipped to a point of use. An object of the invention is the provision of apparatus for handling, and liquefying asphalt so devised that it can be transported on a portable basis, as, for example, to new locations, erected in a minimum of time and with a minimum of effort and subsequently used for handling containers of asphalt or the like, liquefying the asphalt in the containers rapidly and effectively and temporarily holding the liquefied asphalt. A still further object of the invention is the provision of apparatus for heating-and handlingasphalt in containers so that the same may be quickly liquefied and removed therefrom-without damage to the

containers to permit the reuse thereof. The apparatus for handling and liquefying asphalt as disclosed herein is primarily intended for use at a remote point with respect to the location of the asphalt source For example, in constructing various air bases -and the like in remote parts of the world it has been heretofore customary to ship asphalt in drums which were cutaway and destroyed at the point of use in-order to remove the asphalttherefrom, thereby considerably increasing the cost of the asphalt. The present apparatus permits asphalt to be shipped in re-usable containers which are inverted at the point of use by the apparatus lPrice 3 s 6 d l disclosed, positioned in and on heating apparatus that rapidly liquefies the complete contents of the containers and thereby effects the speedy removal -of the-asphalt therefromand without damaging the containers in -any 50 way. In as much as a considerable volume of asphalt and similar bituminous material is employed in making asphaltic concrete paveo ments in air base and other constructions, the 55 solution of the problem of speedy and in-. expensive removal of asphalt frotu the shipping. containers is important to the asphalt industry as well as the successful construction of the projects themselves 60 The present apparatus will effectively solvethe several problems in that relatively inexpensive reusable containers are provided in which the asphalt may be shipped from refinery to the point -of use and the apparatus 65 disclosed in connection therewith is capable of effectively and rapidly handling -the containers and liquefying the asphalt therein for quickremoval therefrom The apparatus includes relatively large containers -adapted for shipping 76and handling and for inversion and positioning in and on the heating means provided together with the apparatus for handling the containers -and means for supplying a suitable heating -medium to the apparatus itself 75 i According to the invention there -is provided apparatus for handling and liquefying asphalt or the like, including a container having an -access opening in the top thereof and means on said container for receiving lifting devices,-an 80 elevated structure, a lifting and inverting. device on said structure for lifting said container, an open top vessel and a heating coil positioned on the bottom of said vessel and extending vertically within said vessel, a tanks 85 having a built-in combustion chamber in saidstructure and comprising a -source of a fluid heating medium for said heating coil, saidvessel being mounted on said tank and above the same, said lifting and inverting device 90 acting to lift and invert said container and lower the same into said vessel with said heating coil engaging the contents of said container

to liquefy the same. In further accord with the invention there is provided asphalt handling apparatus wherein the convolutions of the heat exchanger coil are arranged in in-line relation to one another for engagement in said access opening of said container. In order that the invention may be clearly understood some embodiments thereof will now be described, by way of example only, with reference to the accompanying diagrammatic drawings in which:Figure 1 is a front view of the asphalt handling and liquefying apparatus, broken lines illustrating an alternate position of the handling apparatus and container and with parts broken away and parts in cross section; and Figure 2 is a side elevation of the apparatus shown in Figure 1 with broken lines indicating the positioning of the container in an alternate location. By referring to the drawings it will be seen that a structural frame including base members 10-10, portions of which are covered by ramps 11-11, serve to support a vertical frame structure 12-12 including diagonally positioned bracing members 13-13 and horizontally positioned frame members 14-14 arranged in a rectangle, the longer sides of which comprise rails upon which a remotely controlled crane 15 is positioned for movement therealong. The crane 15 includes spaced pairs of flanged wheels 16-16 The crane 15 also includes a winch having operating cables 17 and 18, the lower ends of the cables 17 supporting a beam 19 which in turn is provided with depending hooks 20-20 and the cable 18 has a hook 21 on its lowermost end It will thus be seen that the crane 15 adapted for travel along the rails of the rectangular frame members 14 is provided with means for engaging, elevating and inverting a container 22. The container 22 is essentially a cylindrical container having an elongated opening 23 in its uppermost portion, the heads of the container 22 being of modified rectangular shape and provided with engagement means in the form of projecting bosses 24 on which the hooks 20-20 may be attached The bottom of the container 22 is provided with secondary engagement means comprising an apertured boss 25 in which the hook 21 may be positioned, as best shown in Figure 1 of the drawings. It will be observed that the ramps 10 are so positioned that a tractor trailer unit (the trailer of which is indicated by the numeral 26 and the tractor by the numeral 27) may be driven thereon alongside the frame structure 12, the trailer 26 being adapted to carry one or more of the asphalt containers 22, as shown in broken lines thereon. The crane 15 will thus be seen to be capable of engaging the container 22 on the trailer 26, lifting the container vertically in upright position through the cables 17 and moving 70 the same sidewardly into

the area of the frame structure 12 where the container 22 may be inverted, as shown in broken lines in Figure 1 of the drawings and in solid lines in Figure 2 of the drawings, as by motion imparted by the 75 cable 18. In order that the asphalt in the container 22 may be rapidly and completely removed therefrom, a double walled open top vessel 28 is provided within the area of the vertical 80 frame 12 for the reception of the inverted container 22 and more particularly the asphaltic contents thereof The vessel 28 is of a size greater than that of the container 22 so that the same may be received therein when lowered 85 thereinto by the crane 15 The vessel 28 is mounted on and directly supported by a hot oil tank 29 which is also positioned in the framework of the vertical frame 12 and on the base members 10-10 90 The hot oil tank 29 comprises part of an oil heating and circulating unit of a known kind. Oil heating equipment such as used in the present disclosure comprises the tank 29 in which a secondary smaller tank 30 is partially 95 positioned An end portion of the secondary smaller tank 30 extends outwardly of the tank 29. The tank 29 normally contains a fluid heating medium such as oil and the secondary tank 100 contains a combustion chamber of a known kind, and preferably includes a combination baffle and heat exchanger 31 positioned transversely of the secondary tank 30 between its upper and lowermost portions and extending 105 inwardly thereof from the front end thereof to a point spaced with respect to the rear end thereof. The front wall of the secondary tank 30, which is positioned outwardly of the end of 110 front wall of the tank 29 has a pair of vertically spaced openings, the upper one of which is connected with a flue stack 32 and the lower one of which is connected with an oil burner 33 Thus, products of combustion taking place 115 within the secondary tank 30 pass around the horizontally disposed heat exchanger 31 and into the flue stack 32 The majority of the heat released by the combustion of fuel within the combustion chamber defined by the 120 secondary tank 30 is transferred to the fluid heating medium within the combination heat exchanger and baffle 31 and in the tank 29. The tank 29 has supporting members 34 on its uppermost surface which help to position 125 the vessel 28 thereon, it being observed that the lowermost portion of the vessel 28 is of an arcuate shape corresponding with the arcuate shape of the hot oil tank 29 so that the vessel 28 is supported directly thereon 130 785,527 whereupon the crane elevates the cable 18 and inverts the container 22 It will occur to those skilled in the art that such covering members as have been provided on the longitudinal opening 23 of the container 22 will have been 70 previously removed.

The container 22 in inverted position above the vessel 28, as shown in broken lines in Figure 1, is then lowered by the crane 15 so that the upstanding heat exchanger coil 36 75 enters the opening 23 and directly engages and liquefies the asphalt in the container 22. The container settles rapidly into the vessel 28 with the heat exchanger coil 36 upwardly into the container 22 80 The walls of the vessel 28 correspond with the general shape of the container 22 and, being hollow and heated, they serve to heat the walls of the container 22 both radiantly and by conduction so that all of the asphalt in the 85 container 22 is liquefied rapidly and drains outwardly into the vessel 28 The crane 15 is then actuated to again elevate the container 22, still in inverted position, and the complete contents thereof are thus readily removed 90 therefrom. The container is then carried by the crane to an offside location whence it may be re-shipped to the refinery for refilling The liquid asphalt in the vessel 28 is then removed by way of 95 the valved outlet 45 and additional contents may be rapidly handled and the asphalt therein liquefied as just described.
