* GB784838 (A)

Description: GB784838 (A) ? 1957-10-16

Improvements in or relating to the manufacture of mouthpiece cigarettes

Description of GB784838 (A)

PATENT SPECFICATION Inventors:-DESMOND WALTER MOLINS, FELIX FREDERIC RUAU, and NORMAN WALTER JACKSON. W Date of filing Complete Speciication: Nov 16, 1965. Application Date: Nov 17, 1954 No 33295654. Complete,Specification Published: Oct 16, 1957. Indlex at Acceptance:-Olass 130, C 1 (A 1: A 4: al). International Classification:-A 24 c. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION. Improvements in or relating to the Manufacture of Mouthpiece Cigarettes. We, MOLINS MACHINE COMPANY LIMITED, a British Company, of 2 Evelyn Street, Deptford, London, S E 8, England, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: - This invention concerns improvements in or relating to the manufacture of mouthpiece cigarettes. In one way of making mouthpiece cigarettes, an unwrapped stream of tobacco is fed forwardly and successive lengths are severed from its leading end Each such severed length of tobacco is caused to be spaced apart lengthwise from the unsevered stream, and a stub is inserted into each space so formed Thus a continuous composite filler is formed, consisting of tobacco lengths and stubs in alternation The composite filler is wrapped in a continuous cigarette-paper web to form a continuous composite cigarette rod, which is severed at appropriate positions to form individual mouthpiece cigarettes each of which contains a tobacco portion and a mouthpiece portion contained within a common wrapper Usually the stubs inserted in the spaces are of double the length required in a cigarette, and are cut in half when

the composite rod is severed. For convenience, the words "tobacco length" or "length of tobacco" will be used herein to refer not only to a length separated from the tobacco stream, but also to the leading portion of the uncut stream itself, where the context permits. The word "stub" where used herein is to be understood as including any portion (whether of the length required in a finished L cigarette or double that length) of mouthpiece material that is suitable for incorporation in a mouthpiece cigarette, and may consist of a piece of filtering material, or of a hollow tube, or of any other suitable piece of material (including tobacco) that is different from the tobacco contained in the remainder of the cigarette; or it may consist of any combination of the foregoing Wellknown examples of stubs are those often known as "filter tips" Stubs are often made of folded or bunched wads of paper enclosed in a wrapper. In forming a composite rod as mentioned above, it is sometimes difficult to prevent the occurrence of gaps or sparse portions between the ends of stubs and the ends of tobacco lengths It also sometimes happens that the tobacco becomes denser at one end of a tobacco length than at the other, with the result that one of the two cigarettes produced from that length is heavier than the other These two problems are encountered particularly in a case where the stubs are inserted in spaces between tobacco lengths that are already lying on the continuous paper web that is to be wrapped about the composite filler, because in that case it is not always practicable or desirable to move the tobacco lengths bodily, relatively to the paper, in order to close up gaps. A further problem arises in trying to ensure that the stubs are in the desired longitudinal positions in the composite rod -that is (where double-length stubs are used, as is usual), in positions such that they will be divided into equal or nearly equal parts when the rod is cut to produce individual cigarettes This is desirable in order that the cigarettes should contain stubs that 849838 so 784,838 are reasonably consistent in length It is found, however, that a stub inserted at a desired position on the paper web tends to slip rearwardly relatively to the paper between the time when it is inserted and the time when the paper web is secured around it To counteract this tendency it has been proposed (for example in British Patent Specifications Nos 669,559, 709,198 and 709,203) to cause an element to move into the path of tobacco lengths and stubs, behind a stub, and to move forward faster than the tobacco and stubs and paper web so as to overtake and push forwardly a stub 1 that is lagging behind its desired position. It was also proposed to provide a further element to advance tobacco

behind the stub, relatively to the paper web, in an endeavour to close up any gap behind the stub. a-} In these prior proposals it was contemplated that the stub should initially be deposited on the paper web at the longitudinal position it was intended to occupy, relative to the paper web, in the composite rod, and 2, should as far as practicable be held in or restored to that position. According to the present invention there is provided, in the manufacture of mouthpiece cigarettes by inserting stubs between 3 ( 1 tobacco lengths on a paper web and subsequently wrapping and securing the paper around the tobacco and stubs to form a continuous composite cigarette rod, a method of forming said rod which comprises inserting stubs at positions on the paper web in advance of the positions it is desired they should ultimately occupy relative to the paper in the cigarette rod, subsequently causing said stubs to move rearwardly relatively to the paper web, and engaging tobacco in the leading end portion of a tobacco immediately following a stub, so as to cause the tobacco so engaged to move at substantially the speed of the paper web and thereby limit or control the backward movement of the stub relatively to the paper web. Preferably the rearward movement of a stub is caused by pressure exerted on it by the tobacco immediately preceding it as the said tobacco moves through a compression tongue which by its compressing action on the tobacco causes some of the tobacco to move rearwardly relatively to the paper web. The tongue referred to may be of the type generally used on continuous rod cigarettemaking machines A tongue of this type is generally arranged to slope downwardly over the cigarette paper web and to engage the upper surface of a tobacco filler passing beneath it, and thereby compress it laterally, while the folding of the paper web about the tobacco is commencing There is a tendency for such a tongue to force tobacco rearwardly, relatively to the paper web, and 63 when such a tongue is used in the manufacture of mouthpiece cigarettes in the general manner referred to above, this rearward movement of the tobacco has been found to be one of the principal causes of rearward lagging of stubs Heretofore, as 70 explained above, stubs have been initially deposited on the paper web at the longitudinal positions they were intended to occupy in the coniposite rod, and efforts have been made to correct or prevent any rearward 75 displacement of the stubs from those positions. In the method according to the present invention as set forth above, a stub may be initially deposited on the paper at a posi 80 tion such that the back pressure of tobacco passing beneath the tongue will push the stub back to substantially the desired longitudinal position it

should ultimately occupy on the paper web In other words, allow I,, ance is made, when first placing the stub on the paper, for the back pressure which the tobacco immediately preceding the stub will exert on it. The control of the backward movement of 9 ( 5 the stub may be accomplished by moving a tobacco-engaging element into the path of the tobacco and stubs so as to engage tobacco behind a stub and thereafter to move forwardly, while engaging such tobacco, at 95 substantially the speed of the paper web, and then to withdraw from said path In this way the backward pressure exerted on the stub by the tobacco in front of it can be to some extent balanced by pressure of the log tobacco behind the stub, and it is thought that when the stub is allowed to "float" freely between the tobacco lengths in this way, the pressure of the tobacco immediately in front of it can become more or less equal 105 to the opposing pressure of the tobacco immediately following it, and that in consequence the density of these two portions of tobaco at opposite ends of the stub can become substantially the same. Further according to the invention there 110 is provided in apparatus for manufacturing mouthpiece cigarettes, apparatus for forming a continuous composite cigarette rod, comprising means to feed lengths of unwrapped tobacco lengthwise on a paper 115 web with spaces between their ends, stubfeeding means to feed a stub into one of said spaces in advance of the position it is to occupy relative to the paper in the rod, means to retard said stub relatively to the 2 C paper web, and means to engage tobacco in the leading end portion of a tobacco length immediately following said stub so as to cause the tobacco so engaged to move at substantially the speed of the paper web and 123 thereby limit or control the retardation of the said stub The last-named means may comprise a tobacco-engaging element arranged to move into the path of tobacco and stubs so as to engage tobacco behind a 130 is effected in any convenient way, preferably by means of the mechanism for this purpose described and shown in the Complete Specification and drawings of British Patent Application No 28648/53 (Serial No 70 784,835) The speed variation is such that the speed of the tape is greatly reduced immediately after each cutting operation so as to allow a space to develop between the cut length, which is fed forwardly by the 75 paper web, and the leading end of the uncut stream Thereafter the speed of the tape 1 is increased to a speed such as to enable it to deliver the uncut filler on to the paper web at substantially the speed of the web 4, 80 and the uncut filler is thus fed on to the paper web at that speed until the next cutting operation. The cutting mechanism, which is constructed and operated as described

in the 85 Provisional Specification of British Patent Application No 32875/53 (Serial No. 784,837), comprises a rotatable knife carrier 6 in which is clamped a thin, narrow knife blade 7 adapted to pass at high speed 9 G through the space between the tubes 2 and 3 at suitable times. A stub-wheel 23, arranged above the paper web 4, is mounted for rotation in the direction shown by the arrow The stub 95 wheel 23 is formed as a disc having a concave rim as indicated at 25, and provided with pusher-elements in the form of three projecting pusher-pins 26 Above the wheel 23 is a stub-feeding device (not 100 shown) comprising a fluted drum by which double-length stubs are intermittently fed down in succession to a position to be engaged by each of the pins 26 in turn The stub-feeding device is preferably the one 105 described and shown in the Complete Specification and drawings of British Patent Application No 1873/54 (Serial No. 770,173) An accurate guide 27 is provided to guide stubs and prevent them from fall 110 ing away from the rim of the wheel 23 until they reach a position at which they are to be deposited on the paper web 4. The wheel 23 is driven by a chain 28 passing over a sprocket wheel 29 fixed to the 115 wheel The chain 28 is driven by a driving sprocket wheel 30, which has fixed to it a driven gear wheel 31 which meshes with a driving gear 32 fixed on a driving shaft 33 which rotates in the direction indicated by 120 the arrow The sprocket 30 and gear 31 are mounted in a bracket 34 which is freely pivoted about the shaft 33 Also mounted on the bracket 34 is a cam-following roller 35, which is capable of engaging a cam con 125 sisting of a rotatable cam 36 A spring 37 fixed on the bracket 34 urges the bracket about its pivot so as to press the camfollower 35 against the rim of the cam 36. It should be noted here that the throw of 130 stub and thereafter to move forwardly at substandially the speed of the paper web while engaging said tobacco. The said stub-feeding means may comnprise a rotatable member having one or more pusher elements on its periphery, and means to rotate said member at varying speeds such that a stub is pushed by a pusher element into a space between two tobacco lengths at a faster forward speed than the speed of said lengths, and that immediately thereafter the speed of rotation is reduced so that the pusher element ceases to push the stub at said faster speed In this way, it is possible to feed a stub at a suitably fast speed without the necessity of withdrawing the pusher element, which can therefore be fixed on the rotatable member, for example a stub-wheel. The variation of the speed of rotation of the rotatable member may be effected by means of a toothed driving element which rotates at constant speed and drives the rotatable member through an intermediate

toothed element, the latter being arranged to be swung bodily to and fro about the axis of the said driving element so as to increase or decrease the speed of rotation of the said rotatable member Preferably the said intermediate toothed member comprises a driving sprocket and a driven gear wheel rotatable therewith The said driving element comprises a driving gear in mesh with the said driven gear wheel, and the drive is effected by means of a chain passing around the said sprocket wheel and a further sprocket wheel on said rotatable member, the said driven gear wheel and driving sprocket wheel being bodily swingable about the axis of the driving gear For example the driven gear wheel and driving sprocket wheel may be mounted in a swinging member arranged to be swung about its pivot by a rotatable cam. A method and apparatus according to the invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the drawing accompanying the Provisional Specification, which shows a side elevation, partly in section, with certain parts broken away, of apparatus by which a tobacco stream is fed lengthwise and severed at intervals, the cut lengths are spaced apart endwise, and stubs are inserted into the spaces between the tobacco lengths. The apparatus illustrated comprises a tobacco tape 1 arranged to be moved beneath a hopper (not shown) through a trough La at varying speeds A guide tube 2 and a further guide tube 3 are provided to receive a tobacco stream from the tape 1 and guide it on to a paper web 4 carried by a tape 5 Cutting mechanism is provided in order to cut the stream at intervals between the tubes 2 and 3. The variation of the speed of the tape 1 784,838 3. the cam 36 is very small and its shape is very nearly that of a circle, and in the drawing has the appearance of a circle. The chain 28 also passes over a guide sprocket wheel 38 mounted on a pivoted arm 39 which is urged about its pivot in a clockwise direction by a spring 40, so as to cause the chain to be kept tight. The cam 36 is arranged to cause the bracket 34 to swing slightly to and fro about the shaft 33 three times during each revolution of the wheel 23 When the bracket 34 swings clockwise, as viewed in Figure 1, the sprocket 30, being carried towards the left in the Figure, imparts a small increment to the speed of the chain 28 in excess of that given to the chain by rotation of the sprocket 30 On the return swing the speed of the chain is correspondingly slightly reduced These swinging movements are so timed as to cause the wheel 23 to move at the faster speed as a pin 26 is approaching the paper web 4 and pushing a stub into a space between a cut tobacco length and the uncut tobacco stream Immediately thereafter the return swing of the bracket 34 causes the wheel 23 to slow down so that the pin 26 moves with a forward speed approximately that of the paper web.

The driven gear 31 rotates at two-thirds the angular speed of the driving gear 32, and at twice the angular speed of the sprocket 29 and wheel 23 Thus the wheel 23 makes one revolution during every three revolutions of the driving shaft 33. A tobacco-engaging element 40 with a serrated end 41 is pivoted at 42 on an arm 43 and is also pivoted at 44 on a crank disc 45, by which its serrated end is caused to move into and out of the path of tobacco lengths and stubs on the paper web, following the path indicated in dot-and-dash lines, and travelling towards the left, in Figure 1, when moving in its lower path The ele4,5 ment 40 performs this movement three times during each revolution of the stub-wheel 23, and is timed and arranged to engage tobacco immediately behind each stub inserted by the stub-wheel, and to move at approximately the speed of the paper web 4 while so engaging tobacco To engage the tobacco it passes through a slot 46 in a compression tongue 47. The apparatus as a whole operates as follows The tape 1 carries a continuous stream of tobacco and delivers it through the guide tubes 2 and 3 on to the paper web 4 Periodically the speed of the tape 1 is temporarily greatly reduced and just 610 before each such speed reduction the knife 7 is caused to pass between the two guide tubes so as to cut the stream The cut length continues to move with the paper web, while the uncut stream lags behind until the speed of the tape 1 is again increased By that time a space has been developed between the cut length and the leading end of the uncut stream A doublelength stub is inserted into this space by a pusher pin 26 on the stub-wheel 23, which 7 W' moves at varying speeds so that the stub is pushed into the space with a faster forward speed than that of the paper web and the tobacco carried thereby, and immediately thereafter the wheel slows down slightly so 7 5 that the pusher pin moves with a forward speed approximately the same as the paper speed As the tobacco and stubs pass beneath the tongue 47 the element 40 engages the tobacco immediately behind the stub Su and moves forwardly with it at approximately tihe speed of the paper web, thus controlling the tobacco speed and preventing it from lagging behind the stub or from being pushed backwardly by the stub. Subsequently the paper web 4 is wrapped and secured about the tobacco and stubs to form a continuous composite rod, which is cut at appropriate intervals to produce mouthpiece cigarettes 90 The cut-off mechanism (not shown) which may be of any suitable kind such as is used in continuous-rod cigarette-making machinery, is timed to cut through each stub and tobacco length in the composite rod, and 1 t 5 the stubs and tobacco lengths are of double the length required in a finished cigarette. The tongue 47 is similar to a compression tongue as frequently used on

ordinary continuous rod cigarette-making machines, and li'" as will be seen is of tapering form, and thus compresses the tobacco laterally as the tobacco passes beneath and through it Due to this progressively lateral compression the tobacco is, as it passes through the tongue, 105 squeezed or forced rearwardly so that, some of it is caused to move rearwardly relatively to the paper web 4 Tobacco which is forced backwardly in this way exerts a backward pressure on the stub that immediately 11 t follows it, and forces the stub backwardly relatively to the paper web. Accordingly the operation of the stubwheel, and also of the cutting mechanism and the mechanism for varying the speed of 115 the tape 1, is so timed in relation to the operation of the cut-off mechanism that a stub is deposited by a pusher-element 26 on to the paper web 4 ahead of the position it is intended that it should occupy, longi 12 l tudinally of the paper web, in the finished composite rod A suitable distance in advance of this position has been found to be to 2 mm for a given weight and size of cigarette The purpose of this is to allow 125 for rearward movement of the stub by tobacco which is forced rearviardlv while passing beneath the tongue 47. The extent of setting discussed above wilg of course vary with many different condi 130 784,838 784,838 tions, such as moisture, density of compression, and length of tobacco sections, and accordingly each case would need to be adjusted independently to get the result contemplated here. The distance by which a stub is pushed backward by the tobacco in front of it may also vary with different stubs, but it is found that a stub will in all cases, if permitted to 1 l do so, move back a certain minimum distance relatively to the paper web, and the stub is therefore placed on to the paper initially at a position such as to allow for this minimum rearward movement. 1.5 The tobacco-engaging element 40 is arranged to engage tobacco behind a stub with its serrated end 41 and to move forward at the speed of the paper so as to prevent the tobacco immediately following the ( 20 stub from being forced rearwardly by the tongue Thlis operation is so timed as to check the rearward movement of the stub when it has moved backwardly the minimum distance that has been allowed for In other words, the stub is thus prevented by the tobacco immediately behind it, from moving back beyond the predetermined' longitudinal position it is intended to have relatively to the paper web In this way the backward pressure of tobacco preceding a stub can be more or less balanced by forward pressure of tobacco behind the stub, and the density of the tobacco adjacent the opposite ends of the stub can be more or -35 less equalised Moreover, since the leading end portion of a tobacco length is prevented from moving backwardly, as

just described, while the remainder of that length is free to be forced or squeezed backwardly by the tongue, each tobacco length as a whole tends to be somewhat elongated, which of course is favourable to good abutment between tobacco and stubs. It will be appreciated that when a stub is fed into a space between two tobacco lengths at a faster forward speed than the tobacco lengths, and in so doing the stub presses against the rear end of the tobacco length preceding it, that tobacco becomes somewhat compressed lengthwise By allowing the tobacco to move rearwardly while passing beneath the tongue it is possible to allow the compressed tobacco to expand lengthwise and so become less dense than it would z 5 otherwise be. It is found that by means of the method described, stubs can be located longitudinally in the composite rod at fairly even intervals and consequently mouthpiece cigarettes 6 i C) containing stubs of reasonably uniform length can be produced Moreover it is possible by this method to secure good abutment between the stubs and the tobacco lengths, since the ends of two successive -65 tobacco lengths both tend to be pressed against the ends of the stub between them while passing beneath the tongue Further, by allowing tobacco to push the stub rearwardly to a certain extent, while holding the tobacco behind the stub against rearward movement, it is possible to obtain a good approach to equality in the density of the two portions of tobacco which abut the stub.

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* GB784839 (A)

Description: GB784839 (A) ? 1957-10-16

Improved method of producing pigmented or dyed variegated artificial yarns

Description of GB784839 (A)

PATENT SPECIFICATION Date of Application and filing Complete Specifica No 2939154. Application made in Italy on Feb 12, 1953. Complete Specification Published: Oct 16, 1957. 784,839 tion: Feb 1, 1954. Index at acceptance:-Class 2 ( 2), B 2 B( 2: 3). International Classification:-D Oll. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Improved Method of Producing Pigmented or Dyed Variegated Artificial Yarns We, RHODIATOCE S P A, a Body Corporate organised and existing under the laws of Italy, of 15, Piazza Rugabella, Milan, Italy, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement: This invention relates to the production of pigmented or dyed variegated yarns. It is known that dyeing of continuous filament yarns obtained through dry, wet or melt spinning processes can be effected, not only by dyeing the yarn after it has been spun, but also simultaneously with the formation of the yarn, by incorporating in the spinning solutions or spinning melts either dyes or intermediates subsequently transformable to dyestuffs. The process is also known whereby continuous filament yarns are doubled by an operation of additional twisting applied to two yarns possessing already considerable individual twisting Variegated yarns, which have interesting textile applications, are obtainable through said doubling when dyed yarns are used. An object of the invention is a process whereby variegated yarns are obtainable, which differ from those obtainable by normal doubling processes because the variegated yarn is obtained during the actual spinning process. The invention provides a process for obtaining variegated continuous filament yarns with strong covering power, which consists in feeding, in the step of dry, wet or melt spinning, to a single spinneret, two or more spinning solutions or two or more spinning melts at least one of which is either differently coloured or pigmented or contains different intermediates adapted for subsequent development to different dyestuffs from the other or others and extruding said solutions or melts through the same set lPrice 3 s 6 d" l of orifices in the spinneret, said solutions or melts being fed to the spinneret at a low feeding velocity to prevent intimate mixture of the solutions or melts and maintain a non-turbulent movement thereof, so as to 50

obtain maximum irregularity in the distribution of the components of the extruded filaments, whereby the aforesaid strong covering power is obtained In this process yarns are obtained which are either directly 55 variegated, or capable of becoming variegated through a suitable development in dyebaths. The expression 'covering power' used throughout the specification and claims 60 denotes an optical effect which can be ascribed to the particular characteristics and to the peculiar relationship of the single fibres This optical effect produces an impression of a colour tone more intense 65 than normal. British Patent Specification No 514,638 relates to the production of artificial fibres. According to the said specification artificial fibres of any desired fineness are produced 70 from two different liquids, of which at least one contains a spinning substance and which differ from one another in at least one property and are not mixed homogeneously together, with the aid of a spinning nozzle 75 comprising two parallel multi-perforated plates at relatively small distances apart of which one plate forms an outer wall of the nozzle and the other plate divides the interior of the nozzle into two separate 80 compartments, each plate containing the same number of perforations and the opposed perforations in the respective plates being substantially coaxial, by supplying each liquid to a separate compartment, 85 extruding one liquid through the inner plate in the form of liquid streams into the compartment filled with the second liquid, and extruding the latter through the outer plate into the precipitating medium 90 in such manner that the second liquid drags with it the streams of the first liquid and all the liquid streams extruded from the outer plate consist of a core of the first liquid surrounded by an outer layer of the second liquid. The fibre produced has a substantially regular structure, i e it is formed with two concentric layers, an inner core of one substance and an outer covering of another. This is in complete contrast to the yarns obtained by the present invention which are obtained by a process which is designed to ensure the maximum irregularity in the distribution of the components and thus high covering power. British Patent Specification No 579,081 relates to the production of composite artificial filaments According to the specification two or more filament-forming materials of different properties, in a fused or plasticised state or in the form of solutions thereof, are extruded in separate or only partially intermingled phases through a common orifice or a plurality thereof where they are joined together in eccentric or side by side relation into a setting medium which may be

either gaseous or liquid functioning either by cooling, precipitating or evaporative effect to form unitary filaments in each of which the different materials form separate portions of the body of the filament. The filaments thereby produced have a unitary structure having a cross section, at all points of the filament length, which comprises two or more substantially distinct areas each of which has a different comnposition than that of the others and at least one of which is eccentrically disposed with respect to the filament cross section. Any cross section through the filaments provided by the process described in Specification No 579,081 must always show the presence of two components-otherwise the desired crimped effect would not be obtained. Again this is in contrast to the yarns provided by the process of the present invention, the main criterion of which is the maximum irregularity in the distribution of the components. British Patent Specification No 580,941 relates to the production of filaments of composite character comprising at least two basic components, one of which is disposed between two portions of the other or others which may cover the lateral surfaces of the former component completely or only partially In the former case, a core or sheath arrangement is obtained. while in the other, other effects may be obtained Again there is no suggestion of the maximum irregularity and consequent high covering power which is an essential feature of the present invention. Apparatus suitable for the performance of the process of the present invention will be briefly described sithli reference to the accompanying diagrammatie drawings in which Figure 1 is a side elevational view of a 71) vessel and spinneret, and Figure 2 is a sectional view thereof. The intimate mixture of the two spinnling solutions or melts may be easily prevented by conveying them to a spinning head 1 75 having a spinneret 4 through two pipes 2 and 3 each fed by a separate metering pump, the two pumps being synchronized, the said head 1 being disposed above the spinneret 4 in which the rates of feed and 80 the temperatures of the solutions are regulated so as to prevent the solutions becoming intimately mixed before entering the orifices of the spinneret, and at the same time ensure the maximum irregularity of the mixing 85 This irregular composition of the two fibre components produces the desired chromatic effect of a more intense colour tone. The process is not restricted to the employment of solutions or melts of the same kind 90 although the solutions or melts used should be compatible with each other. The process affords essentially the advalntage that the variegated

yarn is made up of diversely coloured filaments, which are 95 individually variegated. The following examples are given to illustrate the invention: EXAM, PLE 1. Two solutions of cellulose acetate in 100 acetone containing 25 a% by weight of cellulose acetate having an acetyl content (calculated as acetic acid) of 54 5 oa based on the weight of the cellulose acetate, one with a 1 %o content of titanium dioxide 105 and the other with a 3 Jo content of earbon black (each in respect to cellulose acetate) are fed at 60 C and at a sufficiently lowvelocity to maintain non-turbulent miovement of the mass to apparatus as described 110 above having a spinneret with 24 orifices of O 08 mm diameter A yarn is obtained whose individual filaments are variegated with an agreeable greyish shade. EXAMPLE 2 115 Two 250 cellulose acetate solutions, one containing (in respect to cellulose acetate) 0,50 % Naphthol E (A C N A) and 0-440 o Blue Base EB (A C 'NX A) and the other O 50 o Naphthol G (A C X A) and 120 0.17 %o Red Base 5 Na (A C N A) are fed under the same conditions as described in Example 1 to apparatus as described above having a spinneret with 18 orifices of O (IS mmt diameter A yarn is obtained which when 125 suitably treated in a bath of sodium nitrite and formic acid appears variegated of blue and yellow, with green shades, in its individual filaments. It will be evident from the above mentioned 130 784,839 784,839 examples that the process according to this invention can afford variegated yarns with high covering power and thus of a very much wider employment than those obtainable by known doubling procedures The process furthermore allows a great freedom of choice of possible combinations and mutual relationship among the various components as well as the obtaining of varying effects with high covering power, and affords therefore a remarkable technical and industrial improvement This invention has been illustrated by descriptions of preferred embodiments but it is to be understood that practical variations thereof are possible without departing from the scope of this invention.

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* GB784840 (A)

Description: GB784840 (A) ? 1957-10-16

Improved method of producing composite yarns

Description of GB784840 (A) Translate this text into Tooltip

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The EPO does not accept any responsibility for the accuracy of data and information originating from other authorities than the EPO; in particular, the EPO does not guarantee that they are complete, up-to-date or fit for specific purposes.

1 PATENT SPECIFICATION 784 840 gs 4 i i Date of Application and filing Complete Specification Feb1, 1954. -7 M X B r L No36111/55. Application made in Italy on Feb 12, 1953. (Divided out of No 784,839). Complete Specification Published Oct 16, 1957. Index at Acceptance:-Class 120 ( 3), G( 1: 7 C). International Classification: -DO 2 d. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Improved method of Producing Composite Yarns We, RHODIATOCE SOCIETA PER Az Io NI, a body corporate organised and existing under the laws of Italy, of 15, Piazza Rugabella, Milan, Italy, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:- This invention relates to the preparation of composite variegated yarns, either directly when spinning or by a yarn winding operation. Dyeing of continuous filament yams obtained through dry, wet or melt spinning processes can be realized, as it is known, not only in a step subsequent to spinning but even when the yarn is being formed, by incorporating in the spinning solutions or melted masses either dyes

or intermediates subsequently transformable to dyestuffs. The process is also known whereby continuous filament yarns are doubled by an operation of additional twisting applied on two yarns possessing already considerable individual twisting Variegated yarns, which have interesting textile applications, are obtainable through said doubling when dyed yarns are used. Variegated yarns obtainable by the process of the present invention differ from those obtainable by normal doubling processes in that the variegated yarn is obtained through a twisting operation of yarns having individually no twist or a very restricted one (not higher than 50 turns per meter, the so-called spinning twist). The invention provides a process for obtaining continuous filament yarns -with strongcovering power, which comprises doubling and Usubsecquently twisting together two or more single continuous filament yarns which are either untwisted or have individual twist not higher than 50 turns per meter, at least one of said single yarns being a yarn of the kind defined. The expression " yarn of the kind defined" relates to a yarn which is either coloured or is capable of having colour imparted to it In the latter case the yarn may contain an intermediate L Price 3 s d 2 F which may subsequently be developed to dyestuff; alternatively the yarn may have a dyeing 50 affinity different from the yarn or yarns with which it is to be twisted. The expression " covering power " used throughout the specification and claims denotes an optical effect which can be ascribed to the 55 particular characteristics and to the peculiar relationship of the individual filaments This optical effect which produces an impression of a more intense colour tone, is obtained by means of the process according to the inven 60 tion with low twisted yarn, the individual filaments of which are arranged in parallel relationship Furthermore this chromatic effect is obtainable only with artificial filaments and not with natural fibres 65 The process affords essentially the advantage that the yarn is made up of filaments, which are individually uniform, and disposed in parallel or substantially in parallel, whence the possibility is given of more general employment 70 of doubled yarns; the latter, when formed by doubling through twisting two single yarns already possessing a considerable individual twist have necessarily had to be employed restrictedly to particular cases wherein high cover 75 ing power is not required; this being obtainable only with low twisted yarns. Yarns made up by doubling and subsequently twisting together colourless yarns with different dyeing affinity (e g viscose and 80 acetate yams) and capable of assuming a variegated appearance through subsequent dyeing with suitable dyestuff inixturess as wellas those

made up-by doubling colourless with coloured yarns, and also those derived from 85 doubling brilliant coloured filaments with opaque or semi-opaque coloured yarns obtainable by known processes while spinning or even subsequently, are also to be considered as being within the scope of this invention 90 Preparation of colourless yams variegated by different degrees of glossiness is not within the scope of the present invention as it is already known. The features whereby this invention is 95 characterized will be more readily apparent 784,840 from the following illustrative but non-limit are twisted together at 150 turns per meter and ing examples given below: either before or after fabric manutacture treated6 C in a dyebath containing a yellow dye for viscose EXAMPLE 1 and a blue dye for acetate A very agreeable Two acetate rayon yarns, each obtained by variegated effect is obtained, which may be extrusion through a spinnerette with 10 orifices varied if desired by varying the dyes employed. of 0 08 mm diameter, one containing 0 07 % The yarn obtained is adapted for wide employ 6 ' of a red dye and the other 1 % of a blue dye ment on account of its strong covering power. (percentages -referred to cellulose acetate) are wound up on a single spinning bobbin A 120 EXAMPLE 7 denier composite yarn is obtained which, when Two parallel filament yarns, one of glossy twisted at 150 turns per meter, appears varie acetate rayon containing 0 07 % of a red piggated and allows agreeable effects with good ment and the other of glossy viscose rayon are 7 C covering power to be obtained wound in the same package. A composite yarn is obtained which, when EXAMPLE 2 twisted at 15 R turns per meter and treated in a Two continuous filament yarns with unit soap bath ( 10 grams per litre) at a temperature count of 75 denier and 100 denier respectively, of approximately 95 ' C for an hour either 7 ' one being yellow and the other blue coloured, before or after having been made up into a are spun with a twisting device able to impart fabric, allows agreeable effects to be obtained.

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* GB784841 (A)

Description: GB784841 (A) ? 1957-10-16

Adjustable temperature control device

Description of GB784841 (A)

PATENT SPECIFICATION Inventor: GEORGE GORHAM N 784841 Date of Application and filing Complete Specification July 8, 1954. No 19998/54. Complete Specification Published Oct 16, 1957. Index at Acceptance: -Class 38 ( 5), B( 1 SIA: 1512: 2 E: 4 F). International Classification: -HO 2 c. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Adjustable Temperature Control Device We, TECHNICON INTERNATIONAL LIMITED, of 215 East 149 Street, New York 51, State of New York, United States of America, a corporation organized under the laws of the State of New York aforesaid, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be particularly described in and by the following statement:- The present invention relates to an adjustable temperature control device By that term is meant the adjusting means which controls a companion device such as thermostatic switch or some other device which includes a member to be controlled by such adjusting means. It is usually desirable to provide means for variably adjusting a thermostat for various purposes, so that the user may set the control device for response to a predetermined condition, according to his wishes It frequently happens, however, that the user, who may be inexperienced or incompetent or merely impatient, sets the control device improperly, either deliberately or otherwise, so that the utility of the latter for its intended purpose is greatly impaired or even destroyed For example, in the case of a paraffin bath for impregnating histologic tissue with paraffin, in the course of preparation of tissue sections for microscopic examination, an adjustable thermostat is provided to control the electric heater of the bath The thermostat should be adjusted so that the melted paraffin is maintained at a predetermined required temperature which should not be exceeded beyond a permissive tolerance, if injury to the tissue is

to be avoided, but for various reasons, such as those mentioned above, this may be ignored or disregarded by the technician or his assistant and as a result of improper setting of the control, the paraffin is not maintained at the correct temperature or within the permissive temperature range There are, of course, various other cases involving the misuse of temperature control devices. lPrice 3 s 6 d l vr-,r 1 t 4 e f 7 Therefore, the primary object of the present invention is the provision of an adjustable temperature control device which may be preset, preferably at the factory, for a basic adjustment 50 and which permits the user to make an individual limited adjustment within a permissive range to allow for various requirements or personal preferences. Another object is the provision of a tem 55 perature control for a thermostat which may be present for an optimum operating temperature, and which may be varied only within a limited range above and below said optimum temperature 60 A further object is the provision of a generally improved control device which overcomes the above mentioned disadvantages of prior control devices. The above and other objects, features and 65 advantages of the present invention will be more fully understood from the following description considered in connection with the accompanying illustrative drawings, in which: 70 Fig 1 is a view, in elevation, of a material heating mechanism embodying the adjustable control device of the present invention; Fig 2 is a sectional view taken on the line 2-2 of Fig 1; 75 Fig 3 is sectional view taken on the line 3-3 of Fig 1; and Fig 4 is a circuit diagram of the electrical components of the heating mechanism. As the present invention was developed to 80 obviate the disadvantages, in a device commonly known as a paraffin bath, resulting from the use therewith of a variable temperature control adjustment, the invention will be described herein in connection with the latter use 85 The improved control device generally indicated at 10 is shown in the drawings as forming part of a thermal switch mounted on a paraffin bath 12, which as here shown, comprises a cylindrical paraffin container 14 pro 90 vided with an outer jacket 16 mounted thereon to provide a heating chamber 18 therebetween, ' f,?: Hi Jb, in a manner well known in the art Heating means, generally in the form of an electrically operating heating coil or element 20, illustrated diagrammatically in Figs 3 and 4, is disposed in the chamber 18 , and extends preferably around container 14 for heating the contents thereof To maintain the heating temperature in the heating chamber at a constant pre determined level, a bimnetallic flexible member or thermostat element 22 is provided in circuit with the heating coil Thermostat element 22 is mounted in a suitable

manner, on an insulator 24, held in position by screws The free end of said element 22 is free to flex at a predetermined temperature, as is well understood Element 22 is provided, at the free end thereof, with an electrical contact 26 which co-operates with a contact 28 carried at the free end of a resilient metal strip 30 The latter constitutes a pressure-flexible conducting member and is mounted, in a suitable manner, on insulator 24 Member 30 is in the circuit of heating coil 20 and thermostat element 22, as illustrated in Fig 4, when contacts 26 and 28 are engaged. It will be understood that element 22 heatflexes in a direction away from member 30 to disengage contact 26 from contact 28 for opening the circuit at a predetermined temperature whereby the heating coil 20 is de-energized When the temperature has dropped sufficiently to cool element 22, the latter assumes its original position wherein contact 26 re-engages contact 28 to complete the circuit through coil 20 It will be understood that the temperature required to flex member 22 sufficiently to disengage contact 26 from contact 28 may be varied by pressure-flexing member 30 to force contact 28 against contact 26 for pressure-flexing element 22, in the circuit-closing position thereof, while said contacts are engaged The greater the degree of pressure-flexing of the element 22, in the engaged condition of said contacts, the higher is the temperature required to disengage said contacts when the element 22 is heat-flexed to the circuit-opening position thereof. A pilot light 32, here shown as a sinall neon lamp, is connected through resistor 34, both being in parallel with coil 20, to indicate the energized condition of the coil, this pilot light being energized when the circuit through the coil is complete, as is well understood Capacitor 36 is connected between element 22 and member 30 to minimize sparking between contacts 26 and 28 when said element flexes to its circuit-opening position, as is well understood. The control device 10 is carried by, and extends through, housing 38 which is mounted on jacket 16, being secured thereto by screws Housing 38 overlies an opening 42 provided in the jacket, said opening allowing for the flexing of the thermostat to its circuitopening position An aperture 44 is provided in the housing for observing pilot light 32. Control device 10 is mounted in an insulating bushing 46 which is provided with a preferably circular portion 43, which extends through an aperture 5 G formed in the housing, and with a flanged portion 52 which is secured 70 to he outer surface of the ilousing by the counter-sunk screws 54 vwhih retain the bushing 46 against movement relative to the housing 38 Flange 52 is provided with a portion of reduced diameter, constituting a coilar 56, 75 which provides a

bearing surface for a circular metallic member 58 centrally apertured at 60 to fit on said collar, the inner surface of said member abutting flange 52 An arcuate slot 62, concentric with aperture 60, extends most of 80 the way around member 58, adjacent the periphery thereof, between the detent portions 64 and 66, at each end, respectively of said slot. A pin 68 (see Fig 2) projects from the outer surface of member 58, said pin being received 85 in the recessed portion 70 of insulating knob 72 This knob is relcasably secured, as by setscrew 74, on the head 76 of the preferably metallic operating element or shaft 78 of control device 10 Said shaft is provided with a 90 threaded shank 80 threadedly engaged in the tapped bore 82 formed in bushing 46 At its free end, shaft 78 is provided with an axially extending operating part 84 engageable with a portion Z 6 of contact 28 which extends 95 through the conducting member 30, as illustrated in Fig 3 A screw 88 extends through slot 62 for threaded engagemnent in a tapped bore 90 formed in flange 52, the head 92 of said screw overlying the slot and adjacent por 100 tions of member 58 for releasably securing said member against rotation relative to the bushing and serving as a detent member, as hereinafter described As here shown, member 58 is provided vwit the indicia H and L adja 105 cent the detent portions 64 and 66, respectively, to indicate higher and lower temperature, respectively It will be noted that both the shaft 78 and the member 58 are insulated from the housing 110 When the control device 10 is in assembled condition in the housing, as in Figs 2 and 3, it is apparent that, due to pin 68, which interengages member 58 and knob 72, rotation of operating rmember 78 by the knob results in 115 the concomitant rotation of said member 58 on collar 56 It will be understood that rotation of knob 72 in a clockwise direction, viewing Fig 1, causes movement of operating part 84 in a direction inwardly of housing 38 to 120 urge conducting member 30 toward element 22, contact 28 being urged against contact 26 to flex the element 22 whereby a higher temperature is required to move the element to disengage said contacts Alternatively, rotation 125 of knob 72 in a counter-clockwise direction, viewing Fig 1, results in the adjustment of the element 22 for disengagement of the contacts at a lower temperature. Control device 10 is preferably preset at the 130 784,841 preferred embodiment of the invention, it will be understood that various changes may be made in the present invention without departing from the scope of the appended claims.

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* GB784842 (A)

Description: GB784842 (A) ? 1957-10-16

Electric heating receptacles with temperature-control means therefor

Description of GB784842 (A)

PATENT SPECIFICATION Inventor: GEORGE GORHAM 7841 42 3 Date of application and filing Complete Specification: July 30, 1954. No 22288/54. Complete Specification Published: Oct 16, 1957. Index at acceptance:-Classes 38 ( 5), Bl S( 1 A: 11), B 2 (A 5 A 5: B 7: E); and 39 ( 3), H-( 1 J 2: 2 E 4 G 4. 3 A: 3 C). International Classification:-H 01 n H 02 c H 05 b. COMPLETE SPECIFICATION Electric Heating Receptacles with Temperature-Control means therefor We, TECHNICON INTERNATIONAL, LTD, a Corporation organised and existing under the laws of the State of New York, United States of America, located at 215 East 149th Street, New York 51, State of New York, United States of America, do hereby declare the invention, for which we pray that a patent may be granted to us, and the method by which it is to be performed, to be par0 ticularly described in and by the following statement: - The present invention relates to heating receptacles with temperature-control means therefor. One object of the present invention is to provide a heating receptacle which is capable of maintaining the heated substance at a desired temperature without substantial variations from such desired temperature notwithstanding considerable variations in the temperature of the room or space in which the heating receptacle is in operation For example, in the case of a paraffin bath used by pathologists for

impregnating tissue with paraffin preliminary to the cutting of the sections by the microtome for microscopic examination, it is desirable that the paraffin be kept in a liquid condition at a particular temperature, and for this purpose paraffin baths as heretofore made have been provided with thermostatic controls for the electric heater. It has been found however that notwithstanding attempts to adjust the thermostatic control device to a close range of heater control, it was very difficult if not impossible to maintain the liquid paraffin at the desired temperature; on the contrary, with controls such as these heretofore used and with the construction of the heating receptacle heretofore used, changes in room temperature were found to result in variations in the temperature of the liquid paraffin from the temperature at which the paraffin bath was set to operate In accordance with the above stated object of the present invention these difficulties and objections are obviated. lPrice 3 s 6 d ce 4 S Another object of the invention is the provision of improved temperature control means for heating receptacles. The above and other objects, features and 50 advantages of this invention will be more fully understood from the following description considered in connection with the accompanying illustrative drawings. In the drawings: 55 Fig 1 is a front view of a heating receptacle, here shown as a paraffin bath, embodying the present invention, parts being cut away for illustrative purposes; Fig 2 is a sectional view on the line 2-2 60 of Fig 1; Fig 3 is a fragmentary sectional view, on a larger scale, on the line 3-3 of Fig 2; and Fig 4 is a circuit diagram. Referring now to the drawings in detail 65 the heating receptacle 10 here shown as a paraffin bath, comprises the open top metal container 12 which is provided with an electric heater i 14 consisting of suitable electrically insulated resistance wire wound around 70 the peripheral wall of said container at the lower part thereof, as illustrated in Fig 2. Container 12 has a surrounding metal jacket 16 in spaced relation thereto providing an air space 18 completely around the container 77 and at the bottom thereof Jacket 16 has an opening 20 at which the temperature-control unit 22 is positioned More particularly, the housing 24 of said unit 22 is provided with a flange 26 having openings for a plurality of 80 screws 28 by which said housing is secured to jacket 16. The temperature-control means of the present invention comprises a thermal responsive member 30 which is operable in 85 conjunction with a switch 32 of the control unit 22 to make and break the circuit of the electric heater 14 The thermal responsive member 30 is in the form of a hi-metallic strip, as illustrated, and switch 32 is a nor 90

mally-closed switch, preferably a normallyclosed "micro-switch" havina the usual push-pin actuator 34 which, when moved inwardly of the insulation switch casing 36, is operable to open the switch and thus interrupt the circuit of heater 14 As clearly illustrated in Figs 2 and 3, the thermal responsive member 30 has a part 38 which is flexibly movable toward and away from actuator pin 34, axially of pin 34, for respectively moving said actuator inwardly of switch casing 36 to open the switch and for releasing said pin actuator so that the switch can close by its own spring operation, as in the usual micro-switch or other spring closed switch. As switches of this character are well known and do not in themselves form part of the present invention, further description of said switch 32 is unnecessary. As clearly illustrated in Fig 3 and pursuant to the present invention, the thermal responsive member 30 is positioned in direct heat exchange relation with container 12, and for this purpose the part 40 of said member 30 abuts the outer surface of the peripheral wall of container 12 More specificaily, one end of the thermal responsive member 12 is directly secured to said outer surface of the wall, being preferably spot welded thereto as indicated at 42 Part 40 and outer end part 38 are free to flex away from the peripheral wall of the container in response to the heat transmitted to said the-mnal responsive member from said peripheral wall of the container during the operation of the heating receptacle 10 As a result of the 3 S arrangement of the thermal responsive member so that it is subjected directly to the heat of the container wall instead of to thie heat of the air in the air space 18, as was heretofore the case, said thermal responsive member is more sensitively responsive to the actual temperature of the paraffin bath or other substance in the heating receptacle than was the case with prior heating receptacles where the thermal responsive member was positioned in indirect heat exchange relation and was therefore affected to a considerable extent by the ambient temperature, for example the temperature of the room in which the heating receptacle is operated In order further to minimise or eliminate the effect of the ambient temperature on the thermal responsive member, pursuant to the present invention, the heat insulation means for container 12 includes not only the jacket 16 and the air space 18 between the jacket and said container, but includes also the heat insulation, preferably sheet asbestos or glass wool, lining 44 which completely covers the inner surface of jacket 16 around container 6 12 except at the opening 20 where the control unit 22 is mounted While insulation 44 is intended primarily to decrease the effect of the temperature of the ambient atmosphere on thermal responsive member 30, so that 6 % the latter is responsive

substantially entirely to the temperature of the adjacent heat conductive part of the receptacle 12, said insulation also serves to decrease the escape of heat from jacket i 16 and in this respect serves of course to conserve the heat provided by 70 heater 14 and also serves to improve the uniformity of the heating of the paraffin or other substances in the receptacle 12 in the various portions thereof. Further, in accordance with the present in 75 vention, provision is made for adjusting the temperature at which the thermal responsive member 30 is operable in conjunction with switch 32 to open and close the circuit of heater 14 in order to maintain the desired 80 temperature of the substance in container 12 For this purpose, the switch 32 is mounted in housing 24 for movement toward and away from the thermal responsive member 30 so that more or less flexing of said 85 member is required to open the switch and thus interrupt the circuit of heater 14 More particularly, as here shown, the insulation casing 36 of switch 32 is pivotally mounted on a pivot pin 46 which is carried by a frame 90 48 w'hich is secured in housing 24 in any suitable way as by the screws 52 A strap 54 is fastened to switch casing 36, near the lower end of the latter by a screw bolt 56 ', and the upper end of said strap is forked as indi 95 cated at 56 to engage around the free end of pivot pin 46, so that movement of the lower end of said strap is operable to move switch 32 on pivot screw 46 pivotally toward, for lower operating temperature, and away from 100 part 3 of thermal responsive member 30, for higher operating temperature Strap 54 has an integral lug 58 which is engaged by a compression spring 60 at one end of the latter, the other end of said spring bearing 105 against a lug 62 provided on frame 48, so that strap 54 is urged in a direction for moving switch 32 away from thermal responsive member 30 The adjusting movement of switch member 32 in the opposite direction 110 that is toward thermal responsive member is accomplished by a screw threaded rotary stem or pin 64 which engages the headed pin 66 Stem 64 is in screw threaded engagement with an integral screw threaded Il S sleeve 68 secured in the front part 70 of switch frame 48. A knob 72 is reieasably secured to stem 64 by a set screw 74 and operates in conjunction with a plate 76 provided with an 120 arcuate slot 78 and with a pin 80 which is received within the operning 82 in said knob. A fastening screw 84 passes through slot 78 and member 76 and is threaded in the confronting wall of housing 24 for holding 125 member 76 stationary in the adjusted position of knob 72 By reason of this construction a limited range of adjustment of stem 64 is provided when screw 84 Is loosened so that member 76 can be turned by knob 72 130

784,842 ductivity which is provided with a jacket for 55 insulating the exterior of the receptable, an electric heating element for the receptacle disposed externally thereof in said jacket in adjacent relation to the outer wall of said receptacle, and an automatic control device 60 for said heating element, characterised in that said automatic control device includes a bimetallic member having one end thereof secured directly to the outer wall of the receptacle with said member having a substan 65 tial length thereof formed complementary to said outer wall with the high expansion side of said member in normal surface-to-surface engagement with said outer wall so that said member is heat flexible in a direction away 70 from said outer wall. 2 A heating receptacle according to

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