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User interaction concepts in smart caring homes for elderly with chronic condition
Cristian-Dan Bara , Miriam Cabrita, Harm op den Akker and Hermie J.Hermens
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User interaction concepts in smart caring homes for elderly with chronic conditionIntroduction
Ageing implies cognitive and physical changes:• muscle and bone weakness• balance difficulties• audio and visual problems
Functional decline directly affects independent living
In the Netherlands, it is projected that 50% of the increase in health care costs, in 2040, will be due to the increase in the elderly population.
(van Rooijen, M., Goedvolk, R., Houwert, T.: A vision for the Dutch health care system in 2040: Towards a sustainable, high-quality health care system. World Economic Forum, McKinsey & Company,2013)
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Dean BradsahawGolden Years (detail)Nov, 2014
User interaction concepts in smart caring homes for elderly with chronic conditionIntroduction
Smart caring homes - support independent living by offering specialized ICT services for self-management of the user’s health and wellbeing at their home.
Aims:• prolongation of user’s functional
capacity• increased autonomy• prolonged participation to society• delay in institutionalization
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Patricia MafraEnergyMar, 2015
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User interaction concepts in smart caring homes for elderly with chronic conditionBackground
Two human - computer interaction paradigm implementation trends:
• intrusive mobile ICT assistants (robots)• passive static/fixed controllers (one central hub to control
the smarthome)
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intrusive technology• advantages
• always in the user’s proximity (easy to reach)• demands user interaction
• disadvantage• may promote sedentary behaviour (in some cases,
users will have significant effort reduction in performing daily tasks)
• may need constant user adaptation (when it’s functionality is extended/updated)
User interaction concepts in smart caring homes for elderly with chronic conditionBackground
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ALDEBARANThe NAO robot
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fixed technology• advantages
• minimal user adaptation to the presence of technology• the user is in control
• disadvantage• may not cover the complete sphere of daily life activities
of the user (interaction may be perceived as a part of the user’s activities, optional in some cases)
• may strictly define the space of interaction
User interaction concepts in smart caring homes for elderly with chronic conditionBackground
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ITTS - Remote exercise class for rehabilitation
https://nest.com/
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User interaction concepts in smart caring homes for elderly with chronic conditionApproach
How can we implement a smart caring home which facilitates easy, reliable, contextualized access to healthcare services, is self-empowering, promotes independent living, is always reachable and can direct its user to follow healthy living guidelines set up by formal caregivers?
We’d like to contextually monitor the user’s health, coach for healthy living and offer health care support.
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User interaction concepts in smart caring homes for elderly with chronic conditionApproach
We are using our infrastructure as a service.
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User interaction concepts in smart caring homes for elderly with chronic conditionApproach
We divided our interaction space between the home environment ...
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User interaction concepts in smart caring homes for elderly with chronic conditionApproach
We divided our interaction space between the home environment and the outdoor environment.
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User interaction concepts in smart caring homes for elderly with chronic conditionApproach - “at home” interaction paradigm
The installation should blend with the home environment
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Feedback devices should have a strong presence (we used a large touch screen)
Using the system should focus the user towards the usage task (dedicated interaction space)
The system should offer meaningful information whether, or not is being used (we explore proxemic interaction paradigms to determine intention of use based on the user-screen distance).
https://www.youtube.com/v/mFB5aZR0OWg
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User interaction concepts in smart caring homes for elderly with chronic conditionApproach - “at home” interaction paradigm
When not in use: the screen shows widgets with weather and physical activity information and advertises for healthy living. The advertisements are tailored to the user’s preferences.
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When in use: the screen allows for interaction with a large touch enabled surface for browsing through monitoring data, launching video based coaching applications, contacting caregivers, playing cognitive training games, monitoring the state of the connected domotics.
In both cases: a smart notification system will inform the user about an immediate event which requires immediate action, e.g: an alarm will instruct the user to take necessary action for avoiding dangerous situations, a reminder will call for system use, or stimulate a wellbeing action.
User interaction concepts in smart caring homes for elderly with chronic conditionApproach - “outdoors” interaction paradigm
A large part of life situations happen outside of the home environment.
The system offer contextualized feedback in the outdoor situation (counting physical activity, giving fast access to contacting caregivers, offering directions for upcoming appointments)
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User interaction concepts in smart caring homes for elderly with chronic conditionMethod
We started with a study of the target users● primary users: elderly with age related impairment,
COPD, mild dementia;● secondary users: friends & family (informal caregivers),
professional care practitioners (formal caregivers).
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User interaction concepts in smart caring homes for elderly with chronic conditionMethod
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Elderly with age related impairments (ARI)
Michael, 67, maleDomestic situation Living at home with
wife (Maria)
Issues Hypertension, Forgetfulness, Social Anxiety, Lack of Motivation, Social Isolation, Experience with modern technology
Simone, 72, femaleDomestic situation Lives alone, son lives
far away
Issues Reduced mobility, Social isolation, Hypertension, High cholesterol, No experience with modern technology
COPD Potential users
Petra, 49, femaleDomestic situation Married with 2
children, lives with husband and one daughter
Issues COPD Stage 2, Overweight, Heavy smoker, Can’t commit to physical rehabilitation programs, Experience with modern technology
Bob, 65, maleDomestic situation Lives alone
Issues
COPD Stage 3, Ex-Smoker, Underweight, Hearing problems, Has trouble sleeping, No experience with modern technology
Elderly with Mild Dementia (MD)
Jane, 74, femaleDomestic situation Lives alone
Issues Cognitive decline, Memory deficits, Sleeping problems, Anxiety, Avoid social contact,No experience with modern technology
Philip, 66, maleDomestic situation Live with his younger
sister (Theresa)
Issues Suffered a stroke, Vision problems, Gaps in working memory, Social isolation, Low physical activity, Experience with modern technology
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User interaction concepts in smart caring homes for elderly with chronic conditionMethod
The system targets 3 main service categories:• monitoring: sensing, reasoning and keeping track of data relevant to the
primary user chronic condition, in the context of their daily life activities
• coaching: for maintaining control over the state of the chronic condition with two main purposes: increasing robustness (through video guided physical exercises, notifications which stimulate outdoor physical activity) and expanding the body’s adaptive capabilities (video guided breathing exercises, cognitive training)
• healthcare support: enables communication with caregivers through various channels.
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User interaction concepts in smart caring homes for elderly with chronic conditionConclusion
At home● the system should provide rich interaction which can last for long
periods of time.● feedback can be complex, with a higher degree of immersion.● the environment allows for complex therapy coaching.● the system should be present, visible, but not disruptive.● a space for interaction can be defined● the user and ambient context play an important role in the feedback
information
A large surface/screen for feedback can fulfill the requirements.
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User interaction concepts in smart caring homes for elderly with chronic conditionConclusion
Outside:• the user will need fast access to information.• the use of the system should not be as immersive as the
home installation.• the feedback is given according to the user context, as
ambiental context is too complex and variable.
A smartphone can fulfill the feedback requirements
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User interaction concepts in smart caring homes for elderly with chronic conditionConclusion
In both environments:● the system records and enables reasoning on data, in
order to provide contextualized feedback. ● the two feedback devices will complement each other by
offering functionalities relevant for the user according to the user context, environmental context, task aim.
Seamless sharing of information between feedback devices, as well as adapted interaction will provide meaningful transition between the home and outside use.
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