TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS

BYREEMA DESAI

Rd, diabetes educator

Diabetes Mellitus (DM)

DM is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia resulting from defect in insulin secretion, insulin action or both.

Types of DM:Type 1 DMType 2 DMGestational DM

Type 2 DM

It results from a progressive insulin secretory defect on the background of insulin resistance.

It accounts for 90-95% of all cases of diabetes.

Pathophysiology

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Diabetes Risk Factors

Patient Profile

Name – Mr. XYZAge/ Sex – 39 years/ MaleWeight – 71 kgHeight – 168 cmsBMI – 25.2 kg/m2 (overweight)IBW - 65 kgSocio-economic Status-UMIGEthnic Background – HinduOccupation– JournalistFood Habits – Non-VegetarianAllergy to Medication /Food– None

Case History

Symptoms- Weakness, Excessive thirstPersonal History- NoneFamily History- Father is DiabeticAddiction- No Biochemical Parameter (18-Jul-2013):

Diagnosis: Type 2 DM and DyslipidemiaMedication: None

Home Recall

Energy: 2533 kcal Protein: 123gm(19%) CHO: 339gm(54%) Fat: 74gm (26%)

Exercise – 1 hr weight training daily

Advice DietEnergy: 2000kcal Protein:116gm (23.2%)

CHO: 262gm (52%) Fat: 53gm (24%)

Guidelines

Foods to be Allow Eat small frequent meal Whole cereals like oats, wheat

flakes, daliya. Wheat, jowar, bajara flour ragi, brown bread

Pulses and legumes 1-2 fruits per day Raw as well cook vegetables Cow’s milk Egg white, fish, chicken in

grill, steam, gravy form Almond, walnut, flaxseed Have 1tsp of methi seed

(soaked) ½ hr before breakfast and dinner

Exercise: 1 hr combination of weight training and aerobics daily

Foods to be Avoided Avoid skipping of food

Maida based product, cornflakes, sago, arrowroot

Banana, chickoo, seetaphal, jackfruit, grapes, mango, fruit juices

Potato, sweet potato, yam, raw banana, arbi, beetroot

Buffalo’s milk, ghee, butter, cheese, paneer, cream, khoa

Whole egg, shell fish, coconut in gravy

Dry fruits, Sugar, jaggery, honey and its product.

Preserved foods, fried foods, carbonated beverages

After 1 Month

Biochemical Parameter (18-Aug-2013):

Diet and exercise plays an important role in the management of diabetes and lipid profile.

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