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(HUMAN BECOMING SCHOOL OF THOUGHT)

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Educated at Duquesne University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania & earned her master’s & doctoral degrees from the University of Pittsburgh.

Member of the faculty of the University of Pittsburgh, Dean of the Nursing School at Duquesne University.Professor & Coordinator of the Center for Nursing Research at Hunter College of the City University of New York (1983-1993)

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Professor & Niehoff Chair at Loyola University in Chicago, Illinois (1993-2006).

Fellow in the American Academy of Nursing

Consultant & Visiting scholar at the New York University College of Nursing

Founder & current editor of

Nursing Science Quarterly

President of Discovery International Inc.

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With two Lifetime Achievement Awards (Midwest Nursing Research Society and Asian Nurses’ Association)

Rosemarie Rizzo Parse Scholarship at the Henderson State University School of Nursing.

Published 9 books and more than 100 articles and editorials about matters pertinent to nursing .

Outstanding contributions to the profession of nursing through her progressive leadership in nursing theory, research, education, and practice.

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SYMBOL OF HUMAN BECOMING

BLACK & WHITEOPPOSITE PARADOX

SIGNIFICANT TO ONTOLOGY

OF HUMAN BECOMING &

GREEN IS HOPE

GREEN & BLACK

swirls intertwining

HUMAN-UNIVERSE CO CREATION AS AN ONGOING PROCESS OF BECOMING

CENTER JOINEDCO CREATED MUTUAL HUMAN

UNIVERSE PROCESS AT THE ONTOLOGICAL LEVEL & NURSE-

PERSON PROCESS

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WARNING: ONLY THE THREE OF THEM ARE AVAILABLE…

JUN PYO IS ALREADY TAKEN…

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Find the hidden man hanging at Machu Pichu…THINK OUTSIDE THE BOX!

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Parse first published the theory in 1981 as the “MAN-LIVING- HEALTH” theory.

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Parse synthesized the Theory of Human Becoming from principles and concepts from Rogers’ work.

She also incorporated concepts and principles from existential phenomenological thought as expressed by Heidegger, Sartre, and Merleau-Ponty.

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“Man-Living-Health”

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2 PARADIGMS (WORDVIEWS OF NURSING)

I. TOTALITY PARADIGM Man is a combination of biological,

psychological, sociological & spiritual factors.

II. SIMULTANEITY PARADIGM Man is a unitary being in continuous, mutual

interaction with environment.

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Man-Living-Health

THEORY OF HUMAN BECOMING

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MAY ASIM PA AKO NOH!!!

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Apart from the Rose, what else can you see ???

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Parse’s theory was derived from the concepts of Rogers & existential thought.

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Parse’s (1981) original nine assumptions are the following:

Man is coexisting while coconstituting rhythmical patterns with the environment.

Man is an open being, freely choosing meaning in situation, bearing responsibility for decisions.

Man is a living unity continuously coconstituting patterns of relating.

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Man is transcending multidimensionally with the possibles.

Health is an open process of becoming, experienced by man.

Health is a rhythmically coconstituting process of the man-environment interrelationship.

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Health is man’s pattern of relating value priorities.

Health is an intersubjective process of transcending with the possibles.

Health is unitary man’s negentropic unfolding .

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Using Parse’s 1992 language revision, the original nine assumptions now read as four assumptions concerning humans & five assumptions concerning becoming. They are:

HUMANThe human is coexisting while coconstituting rhythmical patterns with the universe.The human is an open being, freely choosing meaning in situation, bearing responsibility for

decisions.The human is a living unity continuously

coconstituting patterns of relating.The human is transcending multidimensionally with the possibles.

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BECOMING

Becoming is an open process, experienced by the human.

Becoming is rhythmically coconstituting process of the human-universe interrelationship.

Becoming is the human’s pattern of relating value priorities.

Becoming is an intersubjective process of transcending with the possibles.

Becoming is human unfolding.

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ANYONE WHO WOULD LIKE TO

ADOPT ME ???

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Look for “The Hidden Tiger” in the image

below, where is the hidden tiger? READ BETWEEN THE LINES!

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The three themes in Parse’s assumptions are: meaning, rhythmicity & contranscendence.

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Structuring meaning multidimensionality is cocreating reality through the languaging of valuing &

imaging.

THREE PRINCIPLES

IN THE THEORY:

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1. IMAGING An infertile couple believes there are many

children in need of loving homes and plan to adopt .

2. VALUING An older woman putting her health first as her

children have all moved out of the house .

3. LANGUAGING A man diagnosed with terminal cancer finds

the words and the strength to talk to his family about it .

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Cocreating rhythmical patterns of relating is living the

paradoxical unity of revealing-concealing and enabling-limiting while connecting-

separating.

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1. REVEALING-CONCEALING A pregnant youth must reveal her secret to her

parents.

2. ENABLING-LIMITING A patient chooses to refuse a treatment.

3. CONNECTING-SEPARATING Parents want more aggressive treatment for

their palliative care daughter; her husband disagrees straining the relationship.

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Contranscending with the possibles is powering the unique ways

of originating in the process of transforming.

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1. POWERING Parents learn to be strong and move on with

life after losing their youngest child in an

accident.

2. ORIGINATING A woman raises money for breast cancer

research to honor her grandmother.

3. TRANSFORMING An elderly man finally accepts outside help as

he is no longer able to care for his wife.

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Can you see the sleeping baby in the tree?

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The works of Parse and that of Rogers are representative of the simultaneity paradigm.

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HUMANS The unitary human is one who “co-participates in the universe in creating becoming and who is whole, open, free to choose ways of becoming.

HEALTH A way of being in the world; it is not a continuum of healthy to ill, nor it is a dichotomy of health or illness, rather it is the living of day-to-day ways of being.

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NURSING A scientific discipline, the practice of which is a performing art. She places nursing in the company of drama, music, and dance, in each of which the artist creates something unique.

ENVIRONMENT The world, the universe and those who occupy spaces along with others who freely choose to be in the situation.

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What else can you spot in this figure, aside from the lion???

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ASSESSMENT & NSG DXAssessment & Dx do not fit with this theory as

Parse states the nurse-client interaction is not

limited by prescriptions.

PLANNING Nurse is a guide, not a decision maker.

Interaction is evolving.

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IMPLEMENTATIONNurse serves as a guide to illuminate meaning-guides Mrs. James to identify the personal meaning of the situation to her; to synchronize rhythms -lead Mrs. James to recognize the harmony within her existence; & to mobilize transcendence -guide Mrs. James to move from the present to what is not yet, to dream of the possibles for her.

EVALUATIONBecause the interaction is not limited to prescription, standards of evaluation cannot be created. Essentially the nurse can evaluate if Mrs. James has identified personal meaning, recognized harmony, & dreamed of the possibles.

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Aside from the face of the tiger, what else can you see???

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