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Relationship Between Sleep Disorder and Gastrointestinal Problem ANDRI [email protected] Division of Psychiatry Faculty of Medicine Krida Wacana Christian University Psychosomatic Clinic Omni Hospital

Relationship between sleep disorder and gastrointestinal problem

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Page 1: Relationship between sleep disorder and gastrointestinal problem

Relationship Between Sleep Disorder and Gastrointestinal Problem

 

[email protected] of Psychiatry 

Faculty of Medicine Krida Wacana Christian University Psychosomatic Clinic Omni Hospital 

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Objectives

• Biopsychosocial model of functional gastrointestinal disorder

• Sleep disorder and gastrointestinal disorder• Treatment option 

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Role of psychosocial factors

• Psychological stress exacerbates GI symptoms.• Psychological disturbances modify the 

experience of illness and illness behaviors such as health care seeking.

• Psychosocial factors affect health status and clinical outcome. 

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FGID—biopsychosocial model

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Cases from Clinical Practice• Male, 34 yrs, feeling heartburn, uncomfortable feeling in his 

stomach  and sometimes bloating for almost 3 months. He had already had a consultation with a gastroenterologist and doing gastroscopy. Finding was normal. He had been in a PPI test for 2 weeks. 

• He complained about sleep disorder. He couldn’t start a nice sleep. He mentioned that it didn’t relate to his complaints since he had been better since PPI test. 

• He asked his doctor and get referral to me• He said that since he had gut problems, he worried about 

something happened to his health in general• Patient known for his perfectionist personality, not a very easy 

going person and had burden in his work• After psychiatric examination, his diagnosis was generalized anxiety 

disorder

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Cases from Clinical Practice

• Female,33 yrs, she complained about easily feeling nervous and “tight” when she faced something important 

• She had frequent defecation when she faced a “big problem”, stool was liquid (4-5 times a day)

• She had already consult to a gastroenterologist and she was diagnosed with IBS (Irritable Bowel Syndrome). 

• She complained about sleep pattern, easily woke up in the middle of the night

• She referred to me by his gastroenterologist to asses her anxiety 

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Sleep Disorder and Gastrointestinal Disorder

• Patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) are reported to have a decreased quality of sleep due to heartburn and/or acid regurgitation disturbances 

• Reflux symptoms (heartburn and acid regurgitation) that occur during the nocturnal period, impair sleep quality

• GERD with nocturnal symptoms must be completely eliminated in order to relieve sleep disturbances Yoshiya Morito, et al. Intern Med 53: 2014: 2179-2183

Hye-kyung Jung, et alJ Neurogastroenterol Motil 2010;16:22-29

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Sleep Disorder and Gastrointestinal Disorder

• Increased prevalence of gastrointestinal symptoms, peptic ulcer disease, and colon cancer in night-shiftworkers, whose sleep is commonly disrupted 

• Sleep disruption may contribute to increased medical morbidity is by weakening the ability of the immune system to protect against endotoxins

Laurie Keefer,et al. .Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine, Vol. 2, No. 4, 2006

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Gastrointestinal Problems and Quality of Sleep

• Treatment of GERD has been shown to improve not only reflux symptoms but also sleep quality 

• Dyspepsia was reported to decrease sleep quality

• FD- and IBS-like symptoms was identified to be a statistically significant risk factor for sleep disturbances

Yoshiya Morito, et al. Intern Med 53: 2179-2183, 2014

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Gastrointestinal Problems and Quality of Sleep

• IBS patients have more frequent rapid eye movement (REM) sleep

• In addition, upper abdominal pain and diarrhea were found to be especially related to sleep disturbances.

• Therefore, the presence of FD- and IBS-like symptoms is considered to have a stronger relationship with sleep disturbances than reflux symptoms.

• Abdominal symptoms may decrease both sleep quantity and quality via various mechanisms, including frequent nocturnal awakening

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• as many as 43% of patients with IBD reported that gastrointestinal symptoms led to poor sleep, and 64% of patients with IBS indicated that poor sleep led to intestinal symptoms

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Sleep and Immune System

• inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1 and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) have been shown to promote slow-wave sleep (SWS) in animal studies

• The proinflammatory cytokine IL-6 has been important in promoting periods of wakefulness.

• Bacterial endotoxins have been shown to disturb sleep in high doses and promote non-rapid eye movement (REM) sleep in low doses

• Patients with immunoinflammatory diseases (lupus erythematosus,multiple sclerosis,rheumatoid arthritis and HIV often exhibit sleep abnormalities (increased sleepiness, fatigue, and impaired daytime function)

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Pharmacological therapies of Functional Gastrointestinal Problem

• H. pylori therapy ?  controversial• Acid suppression and prokinetic agents 

(digestive agents) ? may help• Gut analgesics ? Relaxants of the nervous 

system of the gut may be beneficial, but do not use Benzodiazepine

• Antidepressant? SNRI, TCA May help

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Treatment Options for Sleep Disorder and Gastrointestinal Problem

• Melatonin is involved in the regulation of gastrointestinal motility

• Melatonin may be involved in mediating gut visceral sensation – patients with functional abdominal pain are reported 

to have lower urinary excretion of 6-sulphatoxy melatonin and to exhibit a circadian rhythm of lower amplitude compared with healthy controls.

• Efficacy of exogenous melatonin given at bedtime in relieving IBS bowel symptoms, and in improving rectal sensitivity also improve sleep disturbance

Song, Leng, Gwee, et al. Gut 2005;54:1402–1407

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Melatonin and its effect on IBS 

Song, Leng, Gwee, et al. Gut 2005;54:1402–1407

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Thank You

August 20th-23rd, 2015 Glasgow, Scotlandia