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Περιορισμένης & Ελαχίστης επεμβατικότητας χειρουργικές τεχνικές στη Σπονδυλική Στήλη ΓΕΩΡΓΙΟΣ ΣΑΠΚΑΣ ΑΝ. ΚΑΘΗΓΗΤΗΣ 1 η Ορθοπαιδική Κλινική Ιατρικής Σχολής Πανεπιστημίου Αθηνών

Minimal invasive techniques

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ΠΕΡΙΟΡΙΣΜΕΝΗΣ ΕΠΕΜΒΑΤΙΚΟΤΗΤΑΣ ΧΕΙΡ. ΤΕΧΝΙΚΕΣ (MINIMAL INVASIVE OPERATIVE TECHNIQUES)

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Page 1: Minimal invasive techniques

Περιορισμένης & Ελαχίστης επεμβατικότητας

χειρουργικές τεχνικές στη

Σπονδυλική Στήλη

ΓΕΩΡΓΙΟΣ ΣΑΠΚΑΣΑΝ. ΚΑΘΗΓΗΤΗΣ

1η Ορθοπαιδική Κλινική Ιατρικής Σχολής

Πανεπιστημίου Αθηνών

Page 2: Minimal invasive techniques

ΕΚΠΤΥΣΣΟΜΕΝΑ ΕΚΠΤΥΣΣΟΜΕΝΑ ΜΕΣΟΣΠΟΝΔΥΛΙΑ ΜΕΣΟΣΠΟΝΔΥΛΙΑ ΕΜΦΥΤΕΥΜΑΤΑ ΕΜΦΥΤΕΥΜΑΤΑ

ΓΙΑ ΟΠΙΣΘΙΑ ΓΙΑ ΟΠΙΣΘΙΑ ΜΕΣΟΣΠΟΝΔΥΛΙΟ ΜΕΣΟΣΠΟΝΔΥΛΙΟ

ΟΣΦΥΙΚΗ ΟΣΦΥΙΚΗ ΣΠΟΝΔΥΛΟΔΕΣΙΑΣΠΟΝΔΥΛΟΔΕΣΙΑ

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Το χαρακτηριστικό των Το χαρακτηριστικό των εκπτυσσόμενων κυλίνδρων είναι η εκπτυσσόμενων κυλίνδρων είναι η

δυνατότητα δυνατότητα in situ in situ ΔιάτασηςΔιάτασης

α) Επιτυγχάνοντας ισχυρό οστικό α) Επιτυγχάνοντας ισχυρό οστικό αγκυροβόλιο αυξάνοντας τη σταθερότητααγκυροβόλιο αυξάνοντας τη σταθερότητα

β) Είναι εύκολη η εφαρμογή λόγω των β) Είναι εύκολη η εφαρμογή λόγω των μικρών διαστάσεων των πριν τη διάτασημικρών διαστάσεων των πριν τη διάταση

γ) Αποκαθίσταται το ύψος του γ) Αποκαθίσταται το ύψος του μεσοσπονδυλίου διαστήματος και μεσοσπονδυλίου διαστήματος και διευρύνονται τα σπονδυλικά τρήματαδιευρύνονται τα σπονδυλικά τρήματα

δ) Αποκαθίσταται η λόρδωση δίνοντας 3δ) Αποκαθίσταται η λόρδωση δίνοντας 3οο – – 66οο πρόσθια κλίση πρόσθια κλίση

Επιπλέον :

Page 4: Minimal invasive techniques

Disc – O – Tech Disc – O – Tech

The B-Twin The B-Twin Expandable Expandable SpinalSpinal System System

Medical TechnologiesL.T.D.

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EXPANDABLE TWIN SPINAL SPACER EXPANDABLE TWIN SPINAL SPACER FOR POSTERIOR LUMBAR FOR POSTERIOR LUMBAR

INTERBODY STABILIZATION: INTERBODY STABILIZATION:

MECHANICAL TESTINGMECHANICAL TESTING

Folman YFolman Y.. & Gepstein R & Gepstein R..– Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Hillel-Yaffe MC, Hadera, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery , Hillel-Yaffe MC, Hadera,

IsraelIsrael– Spinal Care Unit, Meir MC, Kefar Save, IsraelSpinal Care Unit, Meir MC, Kefar Save, Israel

– Orthopaedic Bioengineering Research Laboratory, Orthopaedic Bioengineering Research Laboratory, University of UTAH, U.S.A.University of UTAH, U.S.A.

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Έλεγχος Αξονικής Συμπίεσης – Στατική φόρτιση Έλεγχος Αξονικής Συμπίεσης – Στατική φόρτιση ((Axial compression test – static loadingAxial compression test – static loading))

Compression test static loading configuration(Tensometric M 350 – 10 kN. Tensometric, Rochdale, USA)

• Μέση Δύναμη Υποχώρησης του εμφυτεύματος ήταν 2660.0 ± 483.0 Ν.

• Μέση τιμή της Τελικής Δύναμης ήταν 4131.6 ± 420.7 Ν.

• Τα πτερύγια δεν έσπασαν κατά τη διάρκεια του τεστ αλλά λύγισαν στη βάση τους ακολουθώντας την πορεία λόρδωσης του εμφυτεύματος.

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Έλεγχος αξονικής συμπίεσης - Έλεγχος αξονικής συμπίεσης - αντοχήαντοχή

(Axial compression test - fatigue loading)(Axial compression test - fatigue loading)

• Η αντοχή του εμφυτεύματος υπολογίστηκε στους 5.000.000 κύκλους φόρτισης.

• Το όριο αντοχής βρέθηκε ίσο με 931 Ν

Compression test Cyclic (fatigue) loading configuration(Instron 8871, Canton, Ma, USA)

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Έλεγχος απαγκίστρωσης – στατική Έλεγχος απαγκίστρωσης – στατική φόρτισηφόρτιση

(Shear Pull Out (Expulsion) – Static loading)(Shear Pull Out (Expulsion) – Static loading)

• Το μέσο φορτίο που οδήγησε σε υποχώρηση ήταν 1645.0 ± 148.0 Ν.

Pull out test (Expulsion) - Static loading(Tensometric M 350 – 10 kN. Tensometric, Rochdale, USA)

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Έλεγχος απαγκίστρωσης – αντοχήΈλεγχος απαγκίστρωσης – αντοχή(Pull Out (Expulsion) – Fatigue loading)(Pull Out (Expulsion) – Fatigue loading)

• Κάθε εμφύτευμα υποβλήθηκε σε εναλλασσόμενα φορτία εύρους 49 Ν έως και 249 Ν με συνεχή ρυθμό 10 Hz.

• Τα εμφυτεύματα παρατηρήθηκαν μάκρο και μικροσκοπικά για αστοχία υλικού κατά τόπους.

• Δεν παρατηρήθηκαν σημεία αστοχίας.

Pull out test (Expulsion) - Fatigue loading(Tensometric M 350 – 10 kN. Tensometric, Rochdale, USA)

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Έλεγχος έκπτυξης υπό αξονική φόρτιση Έλεγχος έκπτυξης υπό αξονική φόρτιση (λειτουργία γρύλλου)(λειτουργία γρύλλου)

Jacking test (Expansion under axial loading)Jacking test (Expansion under axial loading)

• Έκπτυξη εμφυτευμάτων υπό αξονικό φορτίο 245 Ν.

• Τα εμφυτεύματα εκπτύχθηκαν χρησιμοποιώντας τη συσκευή τοποθέτησης έως ότου εκπτυχθούν πλήρως.

• Η μέση μεταβολή του ύψους ( πρίν και μετά την έκπτυξη) ήταν 1.16 ± 0.52 mm.

• Σε όλες τις περιπτώσεις η συσκευή εκπτύχθηκε χωρίς περαιτέρω παραμόρφωση

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Μοσχεύματα Μοσχεύματα

Ομόλογα οστικά Ομόλογα οστικά μοσχεύματαμοσχεύματα(ακανθώδης απόφυση – (ακανθώδης απόφυση – σπονδυλικά πέταλα)σπονδυλικά πέταλα)

ΑλλομοσχεύματαΑλλομοσχεύματα

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Κριτήρια επιλογήςΚριτήρια επιλογήςΕπίμονος, οσφυαλγία, Επίμονος, οσφυαλγία, προκαλούσα λειτουργική προκαλούσα λειτουργική ανικανότητα του ασθενούς για ανικανότητα του ασθενούς για περισσότερο από 6 μήνεςπερισσότερο από 6 μήνεςΠεριορισμένη ή ανεπαρκής Περιορισμένη ή ανεπαρκής ανταπόκριση στη συντηρητική ανταπόκριση στη συντηρητική θεραπείαθεραπείαΒέβαιη διάγνωση ότι τα Βέβαιη διάγνωση ότι τα συμπτώματα απορρέουν από συμπτώματα απορρέουν από εκφύλιση μεσοσπονδυλίου εκφύλιση μεσοσπονδυλίου δίσκουδίσκουΑκτινολογική επιβεβαίωση Ακτινολογική επιβεβαίωση (απλές ακτινογραφίες, (απλές ακτινογραφίες, M.R.I. M.R.I. κ.λ.π.)κ.λ.π.)Σπονδυλολίσθηση Σπονδυλολίσθηση ≤ 1≤ 1ουου βαθμού βαθμού

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Κριτήρια αποκλεισμούΚριτήρια αποκλεισμού

Παθήσεις που επηρεάζουν Παθήσεις που επηρεάζουν αρνητικά την οστική αρνητικά την οστική πυκνότηταπυκνότητα

1.1. Φλεγμονή της Σ.Σ.Φλεγμονή της Σ.Σ.

2.2. ΝεοπλασίαΝεοπλασία

3.3. Μεταβολική οστική νόσοςΜεταβολική οστική νόσος

4.4. Κατάχρηση οινοπνεύματοςΚατάχρηση οινοπνεύματος

5.5. Διαταραχές συμπεριφοράςΔιαταραχές συμπεριφοράς

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ΣυμπεράσματαΣυμπεράσματα

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Το Το Expandable Twin Spinal Spacer Expandable Twin Spinal Spacer μπορεί να εφαρμοστεί με ασφάλεια λόγω:μπορεί να εφαρμοστεί με ασφάλεια λόγω: α) του ειδικού σχεδιασμού α) του ειδικού σχεδιασμού β) των διαστάσεων του εμφυτεύματοςβ) των διαστάσεων του εμφυτεύματοςγ) των μηχανικών ιδιοτήτωνγ) των μηχανικών ιδιοτήτων

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Οι κύλινδροι διάτασης Οι κύλινδροι διάτασης B – Twin B – Twin Expandable Spinal Spacers (Disc-O-Expandable Spinal Spacers (Disc-O-Tech)Tech) έδωσαν ικανοποιητικά λειτουργικά έδωσαν ικανοποιητικά λειτουργικά και ακτινολογικά αποτελέσματα στους 12-και ακτινολογικά αποτελέσματα στους 12-36 μήνες μετεγχειρητικής 36 μήνες μετεγχειρητικής παρακολούθησης με ποσοστό επιτυχίας παρακολούθησης με ποσοστό επιτυχίας 95%95%

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Εκ των μέχρι τώρα Εκ των μέχρι τώρα αποτελεσμάτων αποτελεσμάτων η Ο.Ο.Μ.Σ. η Ο.Ο.Μ.Σ. με το σύστημα Β-με το σύστημα Β-Twin Twin Expandable Cages (Disc-Expandable Cages (Disc-O-Tech) O-Tech) δεν κατέστησε φανερή την δεν κατέστησε φανερή την ανάγκη εφαρμογής ανάγκη εφαρμογής επιπλέον συστήματος επιπλέον συστήματος εσωτερικής εσωτερικής σταθεροποίησης σταθεροποίησης (διαυχενικές βίδες(διαυχενικές βίδες - - ράβδοι)ράβδοι)

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Minimally Invasive Minimally Invasive Lumbar Fusion & Lumbar Fusion & Fixation with the Fixation with the

Sextant Sextant Percutaneous Percutaneous

Pedicle Screw-Rod Pedicle Screw-Rod SystemSystemSS

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Maximally Maximally Invasive Lumbar Invasive Lumbar

FusionFusion

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Minimally Invasive Minimally Invasive Lumbar FusionLumbar Fusion

Achieve the same goals as open Achieve the same goals as open fusion while minimizing approach-fusion while minimizing approach-related morbidity (“fusion related morbidity (“fusion disease”)disease”)

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SextanSextant Rod t Rod InsertiInserti

on on SysteSyste

mmFoley KT, Gupta SK, Justis JR, Sherman MC. Percutaneous pedicle

screw fixation of the lumbar spine. Neurosurg Focus 10(4): 1-8, 2001.

Foley KT, Gupta SK. Percutaneous pedicle screw fixation of the lumbar spine: preliminary clinical results. Journal of Neurosurgery 97(Spine 1): 7-12, 2002.

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Sextant Rod Insertion Sextant Rod Insertion SystemSystem

• MaterialsMaterials• Cannulated, Multi- Cannulated, Multi-

Axial ScrewsAxial Screws• Rod Extension Rod Extension

SleevesSleeves• Rod InserterRod Inserter• Pre-contoured Pre-contoured

RodsRods

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Clinical Clinical ApplicationApplication

May be used anytime pedicle fixation May be used anytime pedicle fixation is felt to be necessary and/or is felt to be necessary and/or desirabledesirable

Posterior supplementation for ALIF, Posterior supplementation for ALIF, minimally invasive PLIF, or minimally minimally invasive PLIF, or minimally invasive TLIFinvasive TLIF

Supplement to minimally invasive Supplement to minimally invasive posterolateral fusionposterolateral fusion

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Sextant Rod Sextant Rod Insertion Insertion

ProcedureProcedure Initial incisionInitial incision

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Sextant Rod Sextant Rod Insertion Insertion

ProcedureProcedure Awl and probe pedicleAwl and probe pedicle Insert guide wiresInsert guide wires

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Sextant Rod Sextant Rod Insertion Insertion

ProcedureProcedure Insert screwsInsert screws

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Sextant Rod Sextant Rod Insertion Insertion

ProcedureProcedure Insert screwsInsert screws

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Sextant Rod Sextant Rod Insertion Insertion

ProcedureProcedure Align screw extendersAlign screw extenders

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Sextant Rod Sextant Rod Insertion Insertion

ProcedureProcedure Align screw extendersAlign screw extenders

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Sextant Rod Sextant Rod Insertion Insertion

ProcedureProcedure Select Select

rod, rod, attach to attach to inserterinserter

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Sextant Rod Sextant Rod Insertion Insertion

ProcedureProcedure Rod insertion incision and pathRod insertion incision and path

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Sextant Rod Sextant Rod Insertion Insertion

ProcedureProcedure Insert rodInsert rod

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Sextant Rod Sextant Rod Insertion Insertion

ProcedureProcedure Insert rodInsert rod

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Sextant Rod Sextant Rod Insertion Insertion

ProcedureProcedure Tighten implantsTighten implants

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Sextant Rod Sextant Rod Insertion Insertion

ProcedureProcedure Final Final

constructconstruct

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Clinical Clinical ApplicationApplication

May be used anytime pedicle fixation May be used anytime pedicle fixation is felt to be necessary and/or is felt to be necessary and/or desirabledesirable

Posterior supplementation for ALIF, Posterior supplementation for ALIF, minimally invasive PLIF, or minimally minimally invasive PLIF, or minimally invasive TLIFinvasive TLIF

Supplement to minimally invasive Supplement to minimally invasive posterolateral fusionposterolateral fusion

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METRx – Sextant METRx – Sextant Percutaneous PLIFPercutaneous PLIF

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PDN® Prosthetic Disc Nucleus

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Treatment Modalities Treatment Modalities for DDDfor DDD

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Limitations of the Limitations of the Standard TreatmentsStandard Treatments

Discectomy: relieves pain, but does not Discectomy: relieves pain, but does not stabilize the vertebrae.stabilize the vertebrae.Fusion/pedicle screw fixation: provides Fusion/pedicle screw fixation: provides stability, but eliminates mobility and stability, but eliminates mobility and natural cushioning.natural cushioning.Total disc replacement: provides stability Total disc replacement: provides stability and mobility, but eliminates cushioning and mobility, but eliminates cushioning and procedure is and procedure is more more invasive.invasive.

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The Alternative:The Alternative:A PDN DeviceA PDN Device

Preserves range of motion Provides cushioning Maintains disc height Retards the degenerative

cascade Relieves pain associated

with degenerative disc disease

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Rationale for the PDN Rationale for the PDN DeviceDevice

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Disc Blood SupplyDisc Blood Supply

AvascularAvascular– Intradisc pressure Intradisc pressure

higher than arterial higher than arterial pressurepressure

Nutrient ExchangeNutrient Exchange– External diffusion from External diffusion from

peripheral capillariesperipheral capillaries– Internal diffusion Internal diffusion

through cartilaginous through cartilaginous endplatesendplates

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Internal Fluid CycleInternal Fluid Cycle

Nocturnal CycleNocturnal Cycle– Horizontal postureHorizontal posture– Water and nutrients move Water and nutrients move

into discinto disc– Thickness increasesThickness increases

Diurnal CycleDiurnal Cycle– Vertical postureVertical posture– Increased pressure forces Increased pressure forces

water and waste out of disc.water and waste out of disc.– Disc thickness decreasesDisc thickness decreases

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Disc CompressionDisc Compression

Vertical LoadingVertical Loading– Nucleus gets Nucleus gets

compressed and compressed and radiates outward.radiates outward.

– Nucleus pushes on Nucleus pushes on anulus from within.anulus from within.

– Anulus fibers are in Anulus fibers are in tension.tension.

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PDN GoalsPDN Goals

RELIEVE PAINRELIEVE PAIN

Stabilize disc heightStabilize disc height

Prevent further Prevent further anulus tearinganulus tearing

Restore vertebral Restore vertebral biomechanicsbiomechanics

Stop the Stop the degenerative degenerative cascadecascade

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PDN® Prosthetic Disc Nucleus

PRODUCT INFORMATIONPRODUCT INFORMATION

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PDN DEVICE BACKGROUND

• Multi-block copolymer hydrogel (HYPAN®)

• Absorbs 80% w/w water at full hydration

• Can absorb energy and increase in height when loaded in the hydrated state

Hydrogel Core

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PDN DEVICE BACKGROUND

• Oriented high-molecular weight polyethylene fiber

• Woven circular tube construction

• Constrains hydrogel core

• Allows device to function independent of the anulus

Woven Jacket

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PDN DEVICE BACKGROUND

• 90% platinum / 10% iridium

• Aid device positioning under fluoroscopy

• Minimal scatter under CT

Wire Markers

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Mimics Natural Fluid Mimics Natural Fluid Fluctuation Within the DiscFluctuation Within the Disc

Hydrophilic nature of the PDN device allows it to absorb fluid like the nucleus pulposus.

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Mechanical Testing of Mechanical Testing of PDN DevicePDN Device

Device was tested for:Device was tested for:

- Fatigue- Fatigue

- Burst strength- Burst strength

- Maintenance of disc height- Maintenance of disc height

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Mechanical Testing ProtocolsMechanical Testing ProtocolsFatigue Test

– Single hydrated device sinusoidally loaded between 200 and 800N at 4Hz up to 50 million cycles (approximately 20-50 yrs in body)

– After every 10 million cycles devices are retested in load/deflection to evaluate continued long-term maintenance of disc height and structural integrity of the device

Burst Test– Single hydrated device loaded to 2000, 4000, and 6000N and evaluated

for structural integrity of the weave, stitch, and pellet

Maintenance of Disc Height– Load/deflection testing to determine device height at loads of 200N

(supine), 800N (standing), and 1600N (holding a 20kg weight)

In all tests the device continued to function as designedIn all tests the device continued to function as designed

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Biocompatibility TestsBiocompatibility Tests• Hemolysis

• Cytotoxicity (mouse cells)

• Material Mediated Pyrogenicity (rabbit)

• Sensitization (guinea pig, 72 hr)

• Intracutaneous Reactivity (rabbit, 72 hr)

• Acute Systemic Toxicity (mouse, 72 hr)

• Chronic Systemic Toxicity (rat, 13 wk)

• Muscle Implant (rabbit, 26 wk)

All All Results Results NegativeNegative

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Biocompatibility TestsBiocompatibility Tests

• Genotoxicity (hamster cells)

(chromosomal)

• Genotoxicity (mouse)

(bone marrow micronucleus)

• Genotoxicity (Salmonella typhimurium)

(Ames test)

• Carcinogenicity (mouse, 1 yr)

(transgenic - p53 knockout)

AllAllResults Results NegativeNegative

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Patient Inclusion CriteriaPatient Inclusion CriteriaAge of at least 18 yearsAge of at least 18 yearsSymptomatic DDD from L2-S1Symptomatic DDD from L2-S1Symptoms have not responded to Symptoms have not responded to nonsurgical treatment for at least 6 monthsnonsurgical treatment for at least 6 monthsPatient is experiencing low back pain with Patient is experiencing low back pain with or without leg painor without leg painA radiographic study correlates with A radiographic study correlates with symptoms and signs of discogenic originsymptoms and signs of discogenic origin

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Patient Exclusion CriteriaPatient Exclusion Criteria

Disc height of affected level is less than Disc height of affected level is less than 5mm5mm

Severe degeneration, listhesis, Schmorl’s Severe degeneration, listhesis, Schmorl’s nodules, or other significant defects at nodules, or other significant defects at affected disc levelaffected disc level

A body mass index equal/greater than 3A body mass index equal/greater than 355.0.0

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Raymedica Disc-Raymedica Disc-Height TemplateHeight Template

0mm

579

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Pre-operative planningPre-operative planning

Measure A-P diameter to decide if a PDN SOLO or PDN SOLO-XL Device should be implanted.

>35mm = SOLO XL<35mm = PDN SOLO

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PDN SOLOPDN SOLO

Hydrated

De-hydrated

TM

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PDN-SOLO PDN-SOLO XL

PDN SOLO & SOLO XL

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PDN-SOLO XL™

14mm14mm

PDN-SOLO

PDN-SOLO XL

~ 14.5mm~ 14.5mm

~ 17.5mm~ 17.5mm

Dry Hydrated

~ 19.5mm~ 19.5mm

~ 15mm~ 15mm

StandingStandingLoadLoad

12mm12mm

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Pre & post op,Pre & post op,L4/L5 mild to moderate DDD, disc reduction to 7mmL4/L5 mild to moderate DDD, disc reduction to 7mm L5/S1 severe DDD with endplate changes, height < L5/S1 severe DDD with endplate changes, height <

5mm5mm

7mm

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L4/5 = 2 PDNsL4/5 = 2 PDNsL5/S1 = Total DiscL5/S1 = Total Disc

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PDN Device EfficacyPDN Device Efficacy

Facet Liberation Disc Space Enlargement

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Different ApproachesDifferent Approaches

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Post Operative CarePost Operative Care

24 hours bedrest24 hours bedrest

Ambulate with a brace or corsetAmbulate with a brace or corset

Wear brace or corset for 6 weeksWear brace or corset for 6 weeks

Begin gentle physio after 2 weeksBegin gentle physio after 2 weeks

No strenuous exercise for 3 monthsNo strenuous exercise for 3 months

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6-Month Post PDN-SOLO Implant6-Month Post PDN-SOLO Implant

PDN-SOLO

Patient # 1 Patient # 2

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41y man after several disc operations L5/S1 and 41y man after several disc operations L5/S1 and total disc replacement L5/S1, developed total disc replacement L5/S1, developed

acute discogenic pain L4/5 with segmental instabilityacute discogenic pain L4/5 with segmental instability

7 mm SOLO

X-ays by Dr C. Brinkmann, Germany

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Raymedica, Inc.

Global Update Global Update -- 2002 2002

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Annual PDN Implant History

0

100

200

300

400

500

# o

f P

atie

nts

Implants 12 15 38 75 176 232 480

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

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Cumulative PDN Implant History

0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

# o

f P

atie

nts

Implants 12 27 65 140 316 548 1028

1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

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Oswestry Low Back Pain and Disability Index

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

Pain

Sco

re % Severe Pain

Moderate Pain

Minimal Pain

N = 152 at 12-months, 45 at 24-months, 7 at 48-months

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Prolo Functional and Economic Index

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

Severe

Moderate

Minimal

N = 133 at 12-months, 40 at 24-months

Mild

Pai

n S

core

Page 100: Minimal invasive techniques

Visual Analog Scale Pain Scores

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

8

None

Minimal

Severe

N = 119 at 12-months, 27 at 24-months

Moderate

Pai

n S

core

Page 101: Minimal invasive techniques

Central Disc HeightCentral Disc Height

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Heig

ht

in m

illi

mete

rs

Disc Height in mm 8.7 10.1 10 10 10.2 10.5

Pre-Op 1.5 Month 3 Months 6 Months 12 Months 48 Months

123 Patients 106 Patients 88 Patients 69 Patients 32 Patients 5 Patients

Page 102: Minimal invasive techniques

PDN Device Explant Rate

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

All PDN models combined

n=2

n=8

n=17

n=10 n=16 n=20

n=12

Page 103: Minimal invasive techniques

PDN-SOLO Success Rate

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Implants 18 51 291

Explants 0 1 5

2000 2001 2002

Single PDN implant or PDN-SOLO device

1.9% 1.7%

# o

f P

a tie

nts

Page 104: Minimal invasive techniques

Posterior PDN Approach(PPA)

Surgical Technique for Implantation of the PDN-SOLO Prosthetic Disc Nucleus Devices®

© Copyright Raymedica, Inc. 2004

Page 105: Minimal invasive techniques

Preparations for SurgeryPatient Positioning

Page 106: Minimal invasive techniques

Preparations for Surgery C-Arm Fluoroscope

Page 107: Minimal invasive techniques

Surgical Field

Make a 3-4 cm incision Make a 3-4 cm incision parallel to the spine.parallel to the spine.Separate paraspinal muscles Separate paraspinal muscles from spinous processes and from spinous processes and laminae.laminae.Remove ligamentum flavum.Remove ligamentum flavum.Perform partial laminotomyPerform partial laminotomy– Only large enough to Only large enough to

accommodate deviceaccommodate device

Retract nerve root and duraRetract nerve root and dura..Make a small incision in annulus Make a small incision in annulus using a scalpel.using a scalpel.

Page 108: Minimal invasive techniques

Annulotomy

Dilators are used to Dilators are used to expand the annulotomy.expand the annulotomy.The small dilator enlarges The small dilator enlarges the access laterally to the access laterally to approximately 9 mm.approximately 9 mm.The large dilator enlarges The large dilator enlarges the access laterally to the access laterally to approximately 12 mmapproximately 12 mm..

Page 109: Minimal invasive techniques

Removal of Nucleus Material

The nucleus pulposus is The nucleus pulposus is removed using pituitary removed using pituitary rongeurs of varying rongeurs of varying sizes, shapes, and sizes, shapes, and angles.angles.It is important to clean It is important to clean the disc space the disc space completely.completely.Confirm with fluoroscopy Confirm with fluoroscopy and contrast agent that and contrast agent that all nucleus material has all nucleus material has been removed.been removed.

Page 110: Minimal invasive techniques

Final Placement of the PDN Device

Use the footed impactor Use the footed impactor to situate the device in to situate the device in its final position.its final position.

Confirm with Confirm with fluoroscopy.fluoroscopy.

Remove the insertion Remove the insertion guide while holding the guide while holding the device with the footed device with the footed impactor to minimize impactor to minimize movement.movement.

Page 111: Minimal invasive techniques

Wound Closure Procedure

Irrigate disc space with Irrigate disc space with minimum 10 ml of normal minimum 10 ml of normal saline to begin device-saline to begin device-hydration process.hydration process.

Remove retractors and Remove retractors and allow paraspinal muscles to allow paraspinal muscles to reposition over laminae.reposition over laminae.

Suture lumbodorsal fascia Suture lumbodorsal fascia and subcutaneous tissue.and subcutaneous tissue.

Close skin.Close skin.

Apply dressing.Apply dressing.

6. 5 cm

Page 112: Minimal invasive techniques

Intended Results

Disc height is Disc height is maintained or increased.maintained or increased.

Disc regains cushioning Disc regains cushioning and load transmitting and load transmitting functions. functions.

Vertebral segments Vertebral segments remain mobile.remain mobile.

Reduction of the pain Reduction of the pain associated with associated with degenerative disc degenerative disc disease.disease.

Page 113: Minimal invasive techniques

DIAMDIAM … …

DDevice for evice for IIntervertebral ntervertebral AAssisted ssisted MMotionotion

Page 114: Minimal invasive techniques

WHAT IS WHAT IS THE DIAM ?THE DIAM ?

• Interspinous « shock absorber »

• Silicone made device with polyethylene jacket

• 2 laces in polyethylene

• Radiotransparent

• Positioned in between lumbar interspinous process

• L1-L5, sometimes L5-S1 possible

• 4 sizes: 8/ 10/ 12/ 14

• Compact easy instrumentation

• No vigilance reports after more than 7000 cases

• Conceptor :

Dr Jean Taylor

(ortho, France)

SIMPLE SIMPLE AND SAFEAND SAFE

Page 115: Minimal invasive techniques

DIAM DIAM EFFECTSEFFECTS

• Reduce loading of the disc

• Restore the posterior tension band

• Realign the joint-lines restoring the facets’ congruence

• The neural arch is distracted.

• The root is moved away from the bony encroachment

DYNAMICDYNAMIC

Page 116: Minimal invasive techniques

DIAM DIAM BENEFITSBENEFITS

• Dynamic stabilization:

– conserving the spinal motion

– preserving upper and lower levels functions

• Less risky/heavy surgery:

– no need to go in the pedicles (pedicular screws),

– no need to resect a lot of bone (except osteophytes)

– Quick surgery

• Minimal invasive technique

– not compromising future surgery when necessary

– Non-iatrogenic (not creating instability)

RESTORATIVERESTORATIVE

Page 117: Minimal invasive techniques

DIAM DIAM SURGICAL SURGICAL TECHNIQUETECHNIQUE

• 3 options: from invasive (traditional) to mini-invasive

– Median bilateral approach with posterior ligament resection

– Median bilateral approach keeping posterior ligament,

– Unilateral approach (in this case, the lace is removed),

• Possibility to preserve the stabilizing anatomy:

– Posterior ligaments and especially the supraspinous ligament

– Maximized preservation of posterior muscles

• Small incision, minimal blood loss

• General anesthesia is most common but spinal or

epidural anesthesia can be used successfully

MINIMAL INVASIVEMINIMAL INVASIVE

Page 118: Minimal invasive techniques

SELLING SELLING POINTSPOINTS

Simple and Safe– For the surgeon and the patient leading to good acceptability

Dynamic :

– The DIAM is a shock absorber to allow optimal mechanical

behavior in compression and flexion

Restorative : – The DIAM will restore the normal balance to the posterior

spine providing stability and absorbing loads

Mini-invasive :– The Diam can be placed through a posterior mini-invasive

approach

Page 119: Minimal invasive techniques

INDICATIONINDICATION

• Indications

– Stenosis

– Disc Herniation with posterior instability

– Transitional disease adjacent to fused segment

• Indications that are usually addressed with:

– conservative therapy

– lesser surgical procedures (such as discectomy)

– in some cases screw insertion with bone grafting

Page 120: Minimal invasive techniques

INDICATIONINDICATIONSTENOSISSTENOSIS

• Narrowing of the spinal canal and/or lateral foramen through which the nerves travel:– Central, lateral or acquired stenosis

• Clinical symptom: back pain and leg pain, relief with flexing forward

• Surgical treatment (after conservative treatment) for stenosis /

intractable pain candidates for surgery:

– DIAM with partial laminectomy, facetectomy and/or foraminotomy

Page 121: Minimal invasive techniques

INDICATIONINDICATIONDISC DISC HERNIATION HERNIATION WITH OVER WITH OVER LOAD OF LOAD OF THE FACETSTHE FACETS

• Most often encountered at L4-L5

• Imaging findings: – facets hypertrophy, – slackness of the posterior supra-spinous ligament, – abnormal approximation of the spinous process (kissing spine)

• Clinical consequences:

– posterior transfer of loads

– with degenerative instability such as retrolisthesis, asymetric

disc height in the sagital plane (hyper-opening of the anterior

disc space on lateral radiographs)

• Surgical treatment: DIAM with/out Discectomy

Page 122: Minimal invasive techniques

INDICATIONINDICATIONADJACENT ADJACENT TO FUSED TO FUSED SEGMENTSEGMENT

• Consequences of newly created constraints of a fused segment:– Creation of additional loads to the adjacent segments (below

or above fusion)– Result in accelerated degeneration of the adjacent segments

• Surgical treatment: topping off above or below the fused segment:– DIAM will assist the adjacent segment to support the newly

created loads – Same approach as the segment being fused without requiring

larger incision

Page 123: Minimal invasive techniques

SURGICAL SURGICAL TECHNIQUE TECHNIQUE STEPSSTEPS

• 3 possible techniques:

– Median bilateral approach

with posterior ligament resection

– Median bilateral approach

keeping posterior ligament

– Unilateral approach

in this case, the lace is removed

Page 124: Minimal invasive techniques

ΔΙΑΔΕΡΜΙΚΗ ΔΙΑΔΕΡΜΙΚΗ ΑΠΟΣΥΜΠΙΕΣΗ ΑΠΟΣΥΜΠΙΕΣΗ

ΤΟΥ ΤΟΥ ΜΕΣΟΣΠΟΝΔΥΛΙΟΥ ΜΕΣΟΣΠΟΝΔΥΛΙΟΥ

ΔΙΣΚΟΥΔΙΣΚΟΥ

Page 125: Minimal invasive techniques
Page 126: Minimal invasive techniques

Αφαίρεση τμήματος του Αφαίρεση τμήματος του πυρήνα με σκοπό τη πυρήνα με σκοπό τη

μείωση της ενδοδισκικής μείωση της ενδοδισκικής πίεσης και την υποχώρηση πίεσης και την υποχώρηση της προβολής του δίσκουτης προβολής του δίσκου

Page 127: Minimal invasive techniques

ΜΕΘΟΔΟΙΜΕΘΟΔΟΙ

DekompressorDekompressor

Διαδερμική δισκεκτομήΔιαδερμική δισκεκτομή

LaserLaser

Ενδοδισκική ηλεκτροθεραπεία Ενδοδισκική ηλεκτροθεραπεία IDETIDET

Πυρηνοπλαστική Πυρηνοπλαστική RFRF

Page 128: Minimal invasive techniques

DECOMPRESSOR

Page 129: Minimal invasive techniques

LASER

Page 130: Minimal invasive techniques

ΠΥΡΗΝΟΠΛΑΣΤΙΚΗ

ΜικροΜικρο--επεμβατικήεπεμβατική μέθοδος μέθοδος θεραπείας της ΚΜΔ θεραπείας της ΚΜΔ

πουπου χρησιμοποιεί ραδιοκύματα (χρησιμοποιεί ραδιοκύματα (RFRF) ) για τηγια τη μερικήμερική αφαίρεσηαφαίρεση του του

πηκτοειδούςπηκτοειδούς πυρήνα πυρήνα

Page 131: Minimal invasive techniques

Δημιουργία πεδίου ιονισμένων Δημιουργία πεδίου ιονισμένων σωματιδίων με αποτέλεσμα σωματιδίων με αποτέλεσμα την αποδόμηση των πρωτεϊνών την αποδόμηση των πρωτεϊνών του πυρήνατου πυρήνα

Θερμοκρασία <70 βαθμούς Θερμοκρασία <70 βαθμούς (προς ελαχιστοποίηση (προς ελαχιστοποίηση της ιστικής βλάβης)της ιστικής βλάβης)

Τα προιόντα αποδομήσεως Τα προιόντα αποδομήσεως απομακρύνονται δια μέσου απομακρύνονται δια μέσου της βελόνηςτης βελόνης

Page 132: Minimal invasive techniques

H H θερμική επεξεργασία θερμική επεξεργασία προκαλεί τη δημιουργία προκαλεί τη δημιουργία

μιας σειράς καναλιών μιας σειράς καναλιών μέσα στο δίσκο μέσα στο δίσκο

με σκοπό τη μείωση της με σκοπό τη μείωση της ενδοδισκικής πίεσηςενδοδισκικής πίεσης

Page 133: Minimal invasive techniques

ΕΝΔΕΙΞH

Δισκογενής οσφυαλγία Δισκογενής οσφυαλγία χωρίς νευρολογικές επιπλοκές χωρίς νευρολογικές επιπλοκές

η οποία δεν ανταποκρίνεται η οποία δεν ανταποκρίνεται στη συντηρητική αγωγήστη συντηρητική αγωγή

Page 134: Minimal invasive techniques

ΑΝΤΕΝΔΕΙΞΕΙΣΑΝΤΕΝΔΕΙΞΕΙΣ

Νευρολογική βλάβηΝευρολογική βλάβη

Αιμορραγική διάθεσηΑιμορραγική διάθεση

ΣπονδυλολίσθησηΣπονδυλολίσθηση

Σπονδυλική στένωσηΣπονδυλική στένωση

Προηγηθείσα επέμβαση στο ίδιο επίπεδοΠροηγηθείσα επέμβαση στο ίδιο επίπεδο

Παρακείμενη φλεγμονήΠαρακείμενη φλεγμονή

Βαρειά ψυχιατρική νόσοςΒαρειά ψυχιατρική νόσος

Νόσος πολλαπλών επιπέδων (σχετική)Νόσος πολλαπλών επιπέδων (σχετική)

Page 135: Minimal invasive techniques

ΕΠΙΠΛΟΚΕΣ ΕΠΙΠΛΟΚΕΣ ((σπάνιες) σπάνιες) ::

Τραυματισμός ρίζαςΤραυματισμός ρίζας

Σηπτική δισκίτιςΣηπτική δισκίτις

Θερμική άσηπτη δισκίτιςΘερμική άσηπτη δισκίτις

Υποτροπή της κήληςΥποτροπή της κήλης

Έκθλιψη ελεύθερου τεμαχίου δίσκουΈκθλιψη ελεύθερου τεμαχίου δίσκου

Page 136: Minimal invasive techniques

ΤΟΠΙΚΗ ΑΝΑΙΣΘΗΣΙΑ Έλεγχος συμπτωμάτων προς αποφυγήν τραυματισμού της

ρίζας

Page 137: Minimal invasive techniques

Ακτινοσκοπικός έλεγχος ή Ακτινοσκοπικός έλεγχος ή έλεγχος με έλεγχος με CTCT

Page 138: Minimal invasive techniques

ΣΤΟΧΟΣ ΣΤΟΧΟΣ ::Η μείωση της ενδοδισκικής πίεσηςΗ μείωση της ενδοδισκικής πίεσης

Page 139: Minimal invasive techniques
Page 140: Minimal invasive techniques

Πειραματική μελέτη της Πειραματική μελέτη της μεταβολής της ενδοδισκικής μεταβολής της ενδοδισκικής

πίεσης μετά πίεσης μετά πυρηνοπλαστική σε πυρηνοπλαστική σε ανθρώπινα πτώματαανθρώπινα πτώματα

(Υ.(Υ.Chen, S.Lee, D.Chen, Spine 2003)Chen, S.Lee, D.Chen, Spine 2003)

Page 141: Minimal invasive techniques

ΣΥΜΠΕΡΑΣΜΑ

Η πυρηνοπλαστική Η πυρηνοπλαστική αποτυγχάνει να μειώσει αποτυγχάνει να μειώσει την Ενδοδισκική Πίεση την Ενδοδισκική Πίεση

ανάλογα ανάλογα προς το βαθμό εκφύλισης του προς το βαθμό εκφύλισης του

μεσοσπονδύλιου δίσκουμεσοσπονδύλιου δίσκου

Page 142: Minimal invasive techniques

ΠΛΕΟΝΕΚΤΗΜΑΤΑ ΠΛΕΟΝΕΚΤΗΜΑΤΑ

Ελάχιστη κάκωση ιστώνΕλάχιστη κάκωση ιστών

Όχι παραμονή στο νοσοκομείοΌχι παραμονή στο νοσοκομείο

Τοπική αναισθησίαΤοπική αναισθησία

Σύντομη ανάρρωσηΣύντομη ανάρρωση

Μικρότερο κόστοςΜικρότερο κόστος

Page 143: Minimal invasive techniques

ΑΝΤΙΛΟΓΟΣ ΑΝΤΙΛΟΓΟΣ

Ένα φτωχό αποτέλεσμα ή ένας τυχόν Ένα φτωχό αποτέλεσμα ή ένας τυχόν τραυματισμός της ρίζας υπερβαίνουν τα τραυματισμός της ρίζας υπερβαίνουν τα πλεονεκτήματα έναντι μίας μικροδισκεκτομήςπλεονεκτήματα έναντι μίας μικροδισκεκτομής

MMία μικροδισκεκτομή απαιτεί επίσης μικρή ία μικροδισκεκτομή απαιτεί επίσης μικρή προσπέλαση και μονοήμερη παραμονή στο προσπέλαση και μονοήμερη παραμονή στο νοσοκομείονοσοκομείο

Πολλές από τις περιπτώσεις θα ανταποκρίνονταν Πολλές από τις περιπτώσεις θα ανταποκρίνονταν το ίδιο καλά σε ένα επισκληρίδιο το ίδιο καλά σε ένα επισκληρίδιο blockblock

Page 144: Minimal invasive techniques

IDETIDET

Decompression CatheterDecompression Catheter Focal Decompression at the Site of PathologyFocal Decompression at the Site of Pathology

Page 145: Minimal invasive techniques

PositioningPositioning

The Smith & Nephew The Smith & Nephew Decompression Decompression Catheter is uniquely Catheter is uniquely designed to provide designed to provide focalfocal decompression decompression of contained of contained herniated discs. herniated discs.

Page 146: Minimal invasive techniques
Page 147: Minimal invasive techniques

Decompression Catheter

Strong, braided polyimide shaft Strong, braided polyimide shaft adds rigidity and durabilityadds rigidity and durability

1.5 cm heating coil provides 1.5 cm heating coil provides focalfocal thermal decompression at the site thermal decompression at the site of pathologyof pathology

Integrated thermocouple (TC) in Integrated thermocouple (TC) in probe closely monitors tissue probe closely monitors tissue temperaturetemperature

Stiffer catheter construction adds Stiffer catheter construction adds enhanced navigation and enhanced navigation and steerabilitysteerability

Radio-opaque markers for easy Radio-opaque markers for easy visualizationvisualization

Page 148: Minimal invasive techniques

Thermal Map – In-VitroThermal Map – In-Vitro

7 Cadaver Discs7 Cadaver Discs2 thermometry probes 2 thermometry probes each containing 12 each containing 12 thermocouples thermocouples 65°C to 95° C heating 65°C to 95° C heating rangerange““Steady state” Steady state” temperatures achievedtemperatures achievedMaximum temperatures 0-Maximum temperatures 0-10 mm distances from 10 mm distances from catheter measuredcatheter measured

 

Axial View of Catheter Placement and Thermometry Probe Placement within a Lumbar Disc

ThermalProbe 1

ThermalProbe 2Catheter

Heating Segment

Individual TCs

Page 149: Minimal invasive techniques

Thermal Map – In-VitroThermal Map – In-Vitro

Temperatures of at least 60°C achieved in regions up to 5 mm from catheter at 85°C setting

In-vitro temperatures may not be representative of in-vivo values

Average Maximum Temperatures at Various Decompression Catheter Temperature Settings

35

40

45

50

55

60

65

70

75

80

85

90

-15 -12 -9 -6 -3 0 3 6 9 12 15

Distance from Catheter (mm)

Max

Tem

p (

C)

70C

75C

80C

85C

90C

95C

Page 150: Minimal invasive techniques

The Decompression Catheter is The Decompression Catheter is intended to be used for the intended to be used for the coagulation and decompression of coagulation and decompression of disc material to treat symptomatic disc material to treat symptomatic patients with contained herniated discspatients with contained herniated discs

510K Approved Indications

Page 151: Minimal invasive techniques

InclusionInclusionContained disc Contained disc herniationherniation

Leg pain Leg pain back pain back pain

OR Back and leg OR Back and leg painpain

Failure to respond to Failure to respond to conservative therapyconservative therapy

ExclusionExclusionLarge extrusion or Large extrusion or sequestered discsequestered discDegenerative disc Degenerative disc (height (height 50%) 50%)Spinal stenosisSpinal stenosisSpinal fracture, Spinal fracture, tumor, infectiontumor, infectionObjective findings of Objective findings of segmental instabilitysegmental instability

Inclusion/Exclusion

Page 152: Minimal invasive techniques

Journal of Arthroscopy, Vol. 12, No.4, AJournal of Arthroscopy, Vol. 12, No.4, August 1996 Hayashi et alugust 1996 Hayashi et al

Indications

Herniation with back and leg pain IDET/Decompression Herniation with radiculopathyDECOMPRESSION

Axial Discogenic Back Pain IDET Procedure

Large extrusion or sequestration OTHER

Page 153: Minimal invasive techniques

The Decompression Catheter is The Decompression Catheter is NOT intended to replace NOT intended to replace discectomy or microdiscectomy for discectomy or microdiscectomy for the treatment of large extrusions or the treatment of large extrusions or free nuclear fragmentsfree nuclear fragments

Indications

Page 154: Minimal invasive techniques

DiagnosticsDiagnostics

Positive MRI or CT showing contained focal disc Positive MRI or CT showing contained focal disc herniationherniation– Protrusion no greater than 6mm beyond disc marginProtrusion no greater than 6mm beyond disc margin– Above 6mm is likely an extrusionAbove 6mm is likely an extrusion

Positive Straight Leg Raise (SLR) Positive Straight Leg Raise (SLR)

Leg pain greater than back painLeg pain greater than back pain

Back and leg painBack and leg pain

Positive neurological findings on physical Positive neurological findings on physical examination, including weakness or numbness examination, including weakness or numbness

Page 155: Minimal invasive techniques

Decompression vs. Other Procedures

Patient Selection

Radicular Axial and radicular Radicular

Heating Method Controlled, focal, broad Hot, localized

Hot, localized, unpredictable

Catheter Placement Good access to pathology Nucleus Nucleus

Therapy Time ~ 12 minutes/disc ~ 8 minutes/disc ~ 30 minutes/disc

Post-Op Management

Light activities Light activities Light activities

Ease of Use Highly steerable catheter Redirection is difficult Technically very difficult, Complex OR set-up

Clinical Experience IDET 67 publications and

presentations 5 published clinical studies

with 2 year outcomes Over 30,000 procedures

Limited Limited

Cost Decompression: $922

PercD: $900-$1000

Laser: ~ $100,000 LASE Kit: $1,445 (endoscope, guide needle, dilator, cannula, tubing)

Topic Decompression Catheter

Nucleoplasty LASER

Page 156: Minimal invasive techniques

Minimal invasive Minimal invasive techniquestechniques

Minimal invasive Minimal invasive techniquestechniques

Vertebroplasty - Vertebroplasty - KyphoplastyKyphoplasty

Vertebroplasty - Vertebroplasty - KyphoplastyKyphoplasty

Page 157: Minimal invasive techniques

Vertebroplasty – KyphoplastyVertebroplasty – KyphoplastyIndications Indications

Vertebral fractures Vertebral fractures (compression (compression ± burst)± burst)Osteoporotic fractures Osteoporotic fractures (compression (compression ± burst)± burst)Pathologic fractures of the Pathologic fractures of the spinal vertebra (metastasis)spinal vertebra (metastasis)Haemangioma of the vertebraHaemangioma of the vertebraMultiple myelomaMultiple myeloma

Page 158: Minimal invasive techniques

Destruction of the posterior spinal Destruction of the posterior spinal elementselementsBurst fractures (Burst fractures (±)±)Neurologic compression Neurologic compression syndromessyndromes(due to dislocated bony fragments)(due to dislocated bony fragments)Destruction of dorsal structuresDestruction of dorsal structures(vertebral arch and facet joints) (vertebral arch and facet joints) Vertebra planaVertebra planaSpinal infection Spinal infection Allergy Allergy (methylmethacrylate etc)(methylmethacrylate etc)Coagulopathy Coagulopathy Untreated cardiovascular Untreated cardiovascular disturbancesdisturbances

Vertebroplasty – KyphoplastyVertebroplasty – KyphoplastyContraindications Contraindications

Page 159: Minimal invasive techniques

Vertebroplasty Vertebroplasty techniquetechnique

Page 160: Minimal invasive techniques
Page 161: Minimal invasive techniques

Extrapedicular - Transpedicular Extrapedicular - Transpedicular

Page 162: Minimal invasive techniques

TranspedicularTranspedicular

T9 – L5T9 – L5 Upper thoracic spine> T9

Upper thoracic spine> T9

T8T8T8T8

ExtrapedicularExtrapedicular

Page 163: Minimal invasive techniques
Page 164: Minimal invasive techniques

Kyphoplasty Kyphoplasty Kyphoplasty Kyphoplasty

Page 165: Minimal invasive techniques

37

Page 166: Minimal invasive techniques

Kyphoplasty Kyphoplasty (single level)(single level)

kidney’s metastasis

2 cases

Page 167: Minimal invasive techniques

SKy bone expander system SKy bone expander system for for

percutaneous Kyphoplastypercutaneous Kyphoplasty

Unilateral - BilateralUnilateral - Bilateral

Page 168: Minimal invasive techniques
Page 169: Minimal invasive techniques
Page 170: Minimal invasive techniques
Page 171: Minimal invasive techniques
Page 172: Minimal invasive techniques

Malignant tumorsMalignant tumors

Page 173: Minimal invasive techniques

Vertebroplasty Vertebroplasty

8 cases

Page 174: Minimal invasive techniques

KyphoplastyKyphoplasty(multiple levels)(multiple levels)

2 casesMultiple myeloma

47

Page 175: Minimal invasive techniques

Osteoporotic Osteoporotic fracturesfractures

Page 176: Minimal invasive techniques

Vertebroplasty

Page 177: Minimal invasive techniques

Kyphoplasty

Page 178: Minimal invasive techniques

Conclusions:

Page 179: Minimal invasive techniques

Vertebroplasty - KyphoplastyVertebroplasty - Kyphoplastyadvantagesadvantages

May be performed May be performed under local under local anaesthesia as a anaesthesia as a day caseday case

Page 180: Minimal invasive techniques

Vertebroplasty - Kyphoplasty Vertebroplasty - Kyphoplasty advantagesadvantages

Provide significant Provide significant relief of painrelief of pain

Page 181: Minimal invasive techniques

VERTEBROPLASTYVERTEBROPLASTY

It seems to be more It seems to be more favourable in recent favourable in recent vertebral fractures vertebral fractures (osteoporotic etc) (osteoporotic etc) without major without major deformitydeformity

Page 182: Minimal invasive techniques

VERTEBROPLASTYVERTEBROPLASTYVERTEBROPLASTYVERTEBROPLASTY

No substantial loss No substantial loss of the obtained of the obtained correction at the correction at the follow upfollow up

No substantial loss No substantial loss of the obtained of the obtained correction at the correction at the follow upfollow up

Page 183: Minimal invasive techniques

Balloon KyphoplastyBalloon Kyphoplasty advantagesadvantages

Restores sufficiently the Restores sufficiently the height of the collapsed height of the collapsed vertebravertebra

Is associated with inferior Is associated with inferior possibility of cement possibility of cement leakage leakage

Page 184: Minimal invasive techniques

Balloon KyphoplastyBalloon Kyphoplasty disadvantagesdisadvantages

The risk of fracture in the adjacent levels The risk of fracture in the adjacent levels is enhanced in the balloon kyphoplastyis enhanced in the balloon kyphoplasty

Increased operative time and radiation Increased operative time and radiation exposureexposure

Page 185: Minimal invasive techniques

The minimal invasive The minimal invasive procedure procedure ((Vertebroplasty – Kyphoplasty)Vertebroplasty – Kyphoplasty)

is an effective and a is an effective and a versatile method versatile method of treatment for:of treatment for:

Metastatic spinal lesions Metastatic spinal lesions

(single or multiple)(single or multiple)

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Osteoporotic vertebral Osteoporotic vertebral fracturesfractures(single or multiple)(single or multiple)

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