Fig. 20-CO, pp. 402-403

Fig. 20-1a, p. 404

Fig. 20-1b, p. 404

Fig. 20-2, p. 405

Fig. 20-2, p. 405

Skull cranial bones

facial bones Pectoral Girdle clavicle (collarbone)

scapula (shoulder blade)

Rib Cage sternum (breastbone)

Upper Limb Bones humerus (upper arm bone)ribs (12 pairs)

Vertebral Column vertebrae

ulna (forearm bone)

intervertebral disk (cartilage)

radius (fore-arm bone)

Pelvic Girdle (6 fused bones)

carpals (wrist bones)

metacarpals (palm bones)

Lower Limb Bones phalanges (finger bones)

femur (thighbone)

patella (kneecap)

tibia (lower leg bone)

fibula (lower leg bone)

tarsals (ankle bones)

metatarsals (sole bones)

phalanges (toe bones)

Fig. 20-3, p. 406

Fig. 20-3a, p. 406

Fig. 20-3a, p. 406

nutrient canal

location of yellow marrow

compact bone tissue

spongy bone tissue

Fig. 20-3b, p. 406

Fig. 20-3b, p. 406

spongy bone tissue

compact bone tissue

outer layer of dense

connective tissueblood vessel

Fig. 20-3c, p. 406

Fig. 20-3c, p. 406

space occupied by living bone cell

central canal

Fig. 20-4, p. 407

Fig. 20-4, p. 407

femur

patella

cartilage

cruciate ligaments

menisci

tibia

fibula

Fig. 20-5, p. 408

Fig. 20-5, p. 408

1biceps

radius

2

triceps

Fig. 20-6, p. 409

Fig. 20-6 (left), p. 409

Fig. 20-6 (left), p. 409

biceps brachii

triceps brachii deltoid

pectoralis major

trapezius

latissimus dorsi

rectus abdominis

gluteus maximus

biceps femoris

quadriceps femoris

gastrocnemius

Achilles tendon

Fig. 20-6 (a-c), p. 409

Fig. 20-6a, p. 409

Fig. 20-6a, p. 409

outer sheath of one skeletal muscle

one bundle of many muscle fibers in parallel inside the sheath

Fig. 20-6b, p. 409

Fig. 20-6b, p. 409

B one myofibril, made up of sarcomeres arranged end to end

sarcomere sarcomere

Z line Z line Z line

Fig. 20-6c, p. 409

Fig. 20-6c, p. 409

Z line Z line

C one sarcomere, with parallel actin and myosin filaments

actin myosin actin

Z line Z line

Fig. 20-7, p. 410

Fig. 20-7a, p. 410

Fig. 20-7a, p. 410

actin myosin actin

Sarcomere between contractions

Fig. 20-7b, p. 410

Fig. 20-7b, p. 410

myosin head

one of many myosin-binding sites on actin

cross-bridge cross-bridge

Fig. 20-7c, p. 410

Fig. 20-7d, p. 410

Fig. 20-7d, p. 410

cross-bridge broken cross-bridge broken

Same sarcomere, contracted

Fig. 20-8a, p. 411

Fig. 20-8a, p. 411

pathway 1 dephosphorylation of creatine phosphate

ADP + Pi

creatine

pathway 2 aerobic respiration

pathway 3 lactate fermentation

glucose from bloodstream and from glycogen breakdown in cellsoxygen

Fig. 20-8a, p. 411

pathway 1 dephosphorylation of creatine phosphate

ADP + Pi

creatine

pathway 3 lactate fermentation

pathway 2 aerobic respiration

glucose from bloodstream and from glycogen breakdown in cellsoxygen

Stepped Art

Fig. 20-8b, p. 411

Fig. 20-9, p. 411

Fig. 20-9, p. 411

Fo

rce relaxation starts

stimulus

A A single, brief stimulus causes a twitch.

sustained contraction

twitch

Fo

rce

repeated stimulationTime

B Repeated stimulation results in a sustained contraction with several times the force of a twitch.

contraction

Fig. 20-10, p. 412

Fig. 20-10a, p. 412

Fig. 20-10a, p. 412

contracted muscle can shorten

Fig. 20-10b, p. 412

Fig. 20-10b, p. 412

contracted muscle cannot shorten

Fig. 20-11a, p. 412

Fig. 20-11b, p. 412

Fig. 20-12, p. 413

p. 413

p. 415

Fig. 20-13a, p. 415

Fig. 20-13b, p. 415

p. 415