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How do I avoid missing something serious in the spine? Dr Angus Forbes Occupa;onal Physician

How to avoid missing something serious in the spine

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Page 1: How to avoid missing something serious in the spine

How  do  I  avoid  missing  something  serious  in  the  spine?  

Dr  Angus  Forbes  Occupa;onal  Physician  

 

Page 2: How to avoid missing something serious in the spine
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•  Serious  (but  uncommon)  condi;ons  – Tumour  –  Infec;on  – Fracture  – Cauda  Equina  

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Red  flags  •  Age  >50  •  Fevers,  chills,  recent  UTI  /  skin  infec;on,  penetra;ng  wound  near  spine  

•  Significant  trauma  •  Unrelen;ng  night  pain  /  pain  at  rest  •  Progressive  motor  or  sensory  deficit  •  Saddle  anaesthesia,  bilateral  scia;ca,  bilateral  leg  weakness,  difficulty  urina;ng,  incon;nence  

•  Unexplained  weight  loss  

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Red  flags  

•  History  of  cancer  or  strong  suspicion  •  History  of  osteoporosis  •  Immunosuppression  •  Chronic  oral  steroid  use  •  IV  drug  use  •  Failure  to  improve  aTer  6  weeks  

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Red  flags  

•  NHMRC  – Evidence  based  management  of  acute  musculoskeletal  pain  –  2003  

– Now  rescinded  

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Red  flags  

•  Cochrane  – Dubious  in  isola;on  – Previous  history  of  malignancy  increased  chance  

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Yellow  flags  

•  Psychosocial  and  occupa;onal  factors  that  may  increase  the  risk  of  chronicity  –  Pain  beliefs  –  Compensa;on  –  Family  – Work  –  Compensa;on  

•  Waddell’s  signs  

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Examina;on  

•  Gait  /  posture  •  ROM  •  SLR  /  crossed  SLR  •  Strength  •  Reflexes  •  Sensa;on  

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Disc  hernia;on  

•  Unlikely  without  leg  pain  below  the  knee  •  4%  of  pa;ents  with  acute  pain  have  hernia;on  •  95%  of  pa;ents  with  hernia;on  have  scia;ca  

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Imaging  

•  Plain  films  •  CT  •  MRI  

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MRI  

•  (MBS  cervical  radiculopathy)  •  Workcover?  •  Degenera;ve  change  is  normal  •  Asymptoma;c  adults  – Herniated  discs  9-­‐76%  – Bulging  discs  20  –  81%  – Annunlar  tears  14  –  56%  

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Nexus  

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Canada  

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